Ke hoʻomau nei mākou i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kekahi o nā huahana koʻikoʻi i ka honua open source. Ma ka ʻatikala mua mākou e pili ana i nā hanana ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o Linux, a haʻi i ka moʻolelo o ka hānau ʻana o ka mana mua o ka kernel. I kēia manawa e nānā mākou i ka manawa o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia OS wehe, i hoʻomaka i ka 90s.
/flickr/ / / Hoʻololi ʻia ke kiʻi
Ka Hanau o na Huahana Kalepa
ʻO ka manawa hope loa mākou i kū ai ma SUSE, ʻo ia ka mea mua i kūʻai aku i kahi OS Linux ma 1992. Ua hoʻomaka ia e hoʻokuʻu i nā huahana no nā mea kūʻai aku ʻoihana e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha Slackware kaulana. No laila, ua hōʻike ka hui e hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka open source no ka leʻaleʻa wale nō, akā no ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻO kekahi o ka poʻe mua i hahai i kēia ʻano ʻo Bob Young a me ka mea hoʻomohala ʻo Marc Ewing mai USA. I ka makahiki 1993 ʻo Bob hui i kapa ʻia ʻo ACC Corporation a hoʻomaka e kūʻai aku i nā huahana lako polokalamu open source. ʻO Mark, i ka 90s mua e hana ana ʻo ia i kahi hoʻolaha Linux hou. Ua kapa ʻo Ewing i ka papahana ʻo Red Hat Linux ma hope o ka pāpale ʻulaʻula āna i ʻaʻahu ai i kāna hana ʻana i ka hale kamepiula ma ke Kulanui ʻo Carnegie Mellon. Beta mana o ka puunaue i ke kauwela o 1994 e pili ana i ka Linux kernel 1.1.18.
Hoʻokuʻu hou aʻe o Red Hat Linux i ʻOkakopa a ua kapa ʻia ʻo Halloween. ʻOkoʻa ia mai ka beta mua ma ke alo o nā palapala a me ka hiki ke koho ma waena o nā mana kernel ʻelua - 1.0.9 a me 1.1.54. Ma hope o kēia, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea hou i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina. Ua pane maikaʻi ke kaiāulu mea hoʻomohala i kēia papa hana hoʻohou a ua komo ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hala ka kaulana o ka ʻōnaehana e Bob Young, ka mea i wikiwiki e hoʻohui i ka huahana i kāna palapala. Ua kūʻai ʻia nā ʻōpala a me nā disks me nā mana mua o Red Hat Linux e like me nā keke wela. Ma hope o kēlā kūleʻa, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻoihana e hui pū me Mark.
ʻO ka hui ma waena o Young a me Ewing i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Red Hat i ka makahiki 1995. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Bob i kāna Luna Nui. He paʻakikī nā makahiki mua o ka noho ʻana o ka ʻoihana. No ka mālama ʻana i ka hui, pono ʻo Bob kālā mai nā kāleka hōʻaiʻē. I kekahi manawa, ua hōʻea ka nui o ka aie i $ 50 tausani. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoponopono ka hoʻokuʻu piha mua o Red Hat Linux ma ka 1.2.8 kernel i ke kūlana. Ua nui ka waiwai, i hiki ai iā Bob ke uku i nā panakō.
Ma ke ala, ʻo ia ka manawa i ʻike ai ka honua i kahi mea kaulana , ka mea e paʻa ana i kahi ʻeke ma kekahi lima a paʻa i kona pāpale ʻulaʻula me kekahi.
Ma ka makahiki 1998, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā makahiki mai ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka Red Hat ma mua o $ 5 miliona. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua pālua ka helu, a ʻo ka hui. IPO ma he mau piliona dala.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāpana ʻoihana
I ka waena o 90s, i ka wā i hoʻolaha ʻia ai ka Red Hat Linux kona niche ma ka mākeke, ua hilinaʻi ka hui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lawelawe. Nā mea hoʻomohala he mana pāʻoihana o ka OS i loaʻa nā palapala, nā mea hana hou, a me kahi kaʻina hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi. A ma hope iki, i ka makahiki 1997, ka hui ka poe. kākoʻo mea kūʻai aku.
I ka makahiki 1998, me Red Hat, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻāpana hui o Linux Oracle, Informix, Netscape a me Core. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hana ʻo IBM i kāna hana mua i nā ʻōnaehana open source. WebSphere, e pili ana i ka punaewele punaewele Apache.
ʻO Glyn Moody, ka mea kākau o nā puke e pili ana iā Linux a me Linus Torvalds, , ʻO ia i kēia manawa i hoʻomaka ai ʻo IBM i kahi ala, 20 mau makahiki ma hope, alakaʻi iā ia e kūʻai iā Red Hat no $ 34 biliona. ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole, mai ia manawa, ua hoʻokokoke loa ʻo IBM i ka kaiaola Linux a me Red Hat ma kikoʻī. I ka makahiki 1999 ka hui nā hana e hana ma nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana IBM ma muli o Red Hat Linux.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hele mai ʻo Red Hat a me IBM i kahi ʻaelike hou - ʻo lāua hoʻolaha a hoʻokō i nā hoʻonā Linux mai nā hui ʻelua i nā ʻoihana a puni ka honua. Ua uhi ka ʻaelike i nā huahana IBM e like me DB2, WebSphere Application Server, Lotus Domino a me IBM Small Business Pack. I ka makahiki 2000, IBM ua hoʻokumu ʻia kāna mau kikowaena kikowaena ma Linux. I kēlā manawa, ua hana mua kekahi mau papahana waiwai o ka ʻoihana ma ke kumu o kēia ʻōnaehana hana. Aia ma waena o lākou, no ka laʻana, kahi supercomputer ma ke Kulanui o New Mexico.
Ma kahi o IBM, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Dell e hana pū me Red Hat i kēlā mau makahiki. Mahalo nui i kēia, ma 1999 ka hui ke kikowaena mua me Linux OS i hoʻokomo mua ʻia. I ka hopena o 90s a me ka 2000 mua, ua komo ʻo Red Hat i nā ʻaelike me nā hui ʻē aʻe - me HP, SAP, Compaq. Ua kōkua kēia mau mea iā Red Hat e loaʻa kahi paʻa i ka māhele ʻoihana.
ʻO ka huli ʻana o ka mōʻaukala o Red Hat Linux i hele mai i 2002-2003, i ka wā i kapa hou ai ka hui i kāna huahana nui ʻo Red Hat Enterprise Linux a haʻalele loa i ka hāʻawi manuahi ʻana o kāna hāʻawi. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻohuli hou ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka ʻāpana ʻoihana a, ma ke ʻano, ua lilo i alakaʻi - i kēia manawa ka hui. ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka mākeke kikowaena holoʻokoʻa.
Akā ʻoiai kēia mau mea a pau, ʻaʻole i huli ʻo Red Hat i kāna polokalamu manuahi. ʻO ka mea pani o ka hui ma kēia wahi ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha Fedora, ʻo ka mana mua o ia (i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 2003) e pili ana i ka Red Hat Linux kernel 2.4.22. I kēia lā, kākoʻo ikaika ʻo Red Hat i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Fedora a hoʻohana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hui i kāna huahana.
/flickr/ /
Hoʻomaka hoʻokūkū
ʻO ka hapa mua o kēia ʻatikala e pili ana iā Red Hat. Akā ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā hanana ʻē aʻe i ka kaiaola Linux i ka makahiki mua o ka OS. Ua hoʻoholo nui ʻo Red Hat i ka vector o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hana a me nā puʻupuʻu he nui, akā i ka ʻāpana ʻoihana ʻaʻole ʻo ka hui wale nō ka mea pāʻani.
Ma waho aʻe o ia, ʻo SUSE, TurboLinux, Caldera a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hana ma aneʻi, i kaulana a "ulu" me kahi kaiāulu kūpaʻa. A ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēlā mau hana e nā mea hoʻokūkū, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Microsoft.
I ka makahiki 1998, ua hana ʻo Bill Gates i nā ʻōlelo e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka Linux. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo ia "ʻaʻole ʻo ia i lohe mai nā mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i kahi ʻōnaehana hana."
Eia naʻe, i kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, i kahi hōʻike makahiki i ka US Securities and Exchange Commission, Microsoft ʻO Linux kekahi o kāna mau mea hoʻokūkū. I ka manawa like, aia ka leak o ka mea i kapa ʻia - nā memo mai kahi limahana Microsoft, nāna i hoʻopaʻa i nā pilikia hoʻokūkū mai Linux a me nā polokalamu open source.
Ke hōʻoia nei i nā makaʻu a pau o Microsoft ma 1999, nā haneli o nā mea hoʻohana Linux mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua i ka lā hoʻokahi i na keena hui. Ua manaʻo lākou e hoʻihoʻi i ke kālā no ka ʻōnaehana Windows i hoʻokomo mua ʻia ma kā lākou kamepiula ma ke ʻano he hoʻolaha honua - Windows Refund Day. No laila, ua hōʻike nā mea hoʻohana i ko lākou hauʻoli ʻole i ka monopoly o ka OS o Microsoft ma ka mākeke PC.
Ua hoʻomau ka hakakā ʻole ʻia ma waena o ka IT pilikua a me ke kaiāulu Linux i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2000s. I kēlā manawa Linux ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapahā o ka mākeke kikowaena a ua hoʻonui mau i kāna mahele. E kū'ē i ke kua o kēia mau hōʻike, ua koi ʻia ʻo Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer e hōʻoia i ka Linux ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokūkū nui ma ka mākeke server. Ma kahi o ka manawa like ʻo ia wehe ʻo OS "cancer" o ka waiwai naʻauao a kūʻē maoli i nā hanana me ka laikini GPL.
Aia mākou i loko Ua hōʻiliʻili mākou i nā ʻikepili OS no nā kikowaena ikaika o kā mākou mea kūʻai aku.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻo Ubuntu ka mea kaulana loa i waena o nā mea kūʻai aku 1cloud - 45%, ukali ʻia e CentOS (28%) a me Debian (26%) ma hope iki.
ʻO kekahi mua o ka hakakā ʻana o Microsoft me ke kaiāulu mea hoʻomohala ʻo ia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka Lindows OS e pili ana i ka kernel Linux, ka inoa o ia mea i kope ʻia e Windows. I ka makahiki 2001 Microsoft USA kū'ē i ka hui hoʻomohala OS, e koi ana e hoʻololi i ka inoa. I ka pane ʻana, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hōʻole i ka pono o Microsoft i kekahi o nā huaʻōlelo Pelekane a me kāna mau huaʻōlelo. ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, ua lanakila ka hui i kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa - ʻo ka inoa ʻo LindowsOS ma Linspire. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo nā mea hoʻomohala o ka open OS i kēia hoʻoholo i mea e pale aku ai i nā hoʻopiʻi mai Microsoft ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe kahi i hoʻohele ʻia ai kā lākou ʻōnaehana hana.
Pehea e pili ana i ka Linux kernel?
ʻOiai nā hakakā a pau ma waena o nā hui a me nā ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi e kūʻē i nā polokalamu manuahi mai nā alakaʻi alakaʻi o nā ʻoihana nui, ua hoʻomau ke kaiāulu Linux. Ua hana nā mea hoʻomohala i nā māhele wehe hou a hōʻano hou i ka kernel. Mahalo i ka laha ʻana o ka Pūnaewele, ua maʻalahi kēia. I ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mana 1.0.0 o ka Linux kernel, a ukali ʻia ʻelua makahiki ma hope e ka mana 2.0. Me kēlā me kēia hoʻokuʻu, kākoʻo ka OS i ka hana ma ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā kaʻina hana a me nā papa nui.
I ka waena o 90s, Linux, kaulana i waena o nā mea hoʻomohala, i hoʻomohala ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he huahana ʻenehana, akā ma ke ʻano he brand. I ka makahiki 1995 ʻO ka Linux Expo a me ka hālāwai kūkā mua, e hōʻike ana i nā mea kamaʻilio kaulana i ke kaiāulu, me Mark Ewing. I loko o kekahi mau makahiki, ua lilo ka Expo i kekahi o nā hanana nui loa ma ka honua Linux.
I ka makahiki 1996, ua ʻike mua ka honua i ka hōʻailona me ka penguin kaulana , e hele pū ana me nā huahana Linux. ʻO kāna mea papahana a mea hoʻolālā ʻo Larry Ewing ma muli o nā moʻolelo e pili ana i kahi "penguin ferocious" nāna i hoʻouka i kekahi lā iā Linus Torvalds a hoʻopaʻa iā ia i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "penguinitis".
I ka hopena o 90s, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻelua mau huahana koʻikoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o Linux ma hope o kekahi - GNOME a me KDE. Mahalo i kēia mau mea hana, ua loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana Unix, me Linux, nā kikowaena kiʻi cross-platform kūpono. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kēia mau mea hana i kekahi o nā ʻanuʻu mua i ka mākeke nui. E haʻi hou aku mākou iā ʻoe e pili ana i kēia pae o ka mōʻaukala Linux ma ka ʻāpana aʻe.
Ma ka blog hui 1cloud:
Source: www.habr.com