Ma muli o ka ʻono o nā ʻōnaehana Windows, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka honua VPS e nā puʻupuʻu Linux māmā: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian a i ʻole ʻo Ubuntu, ʻaʻohe o kahi papa papa kaumaha i pono ʻole no kā mākou kumu. E like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, console wale nō, hardcore wale nō! A ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia he hoʻonui: hoʻomaka ka Debian like ma ka 256 MB o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me hoʻokahi kumu me ka uaki 1 Ghz, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi kokoke i nā "kumu". No ka hana ʻoluʻolu, pono ʻoe i ka liʻiliʻi o 512 MB a me kahi kaʻina hana wikiwiki iki. Akā pehea inā ua haʻi mākou iā ʻoe hiki iā ʻoe ke hana like i ka mea like ma kahi VPS e holo ana i Windows? No ke aha ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e ʻōwili i kahi kikowaena Windows koʻikoʻi, e koi ana i ʻekolu a ʻehā mau ʻeka o RAM a ma ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua mau cores i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 1,4 GHz? E hoʻohana wale i ka Windows Server Core - e kāpae i ka GUI a me kekahi mau lawelawe. E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i kēia ma ka ʻatikala.
ʻO wai kēia Windows Server Core?
ʻAʻohe ʻike maopopo e pili ana i ka Windows (server) Core ma ka pūnaewele mana o Mikes, a i ʻole, huikau nā mea āpau ma laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo koke, akā ʻo ka ʻōlelo mua i ka lā i ka wā o Windows Server 2008 ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo Windows Core kahi Windows kernel Server (hoʻomaka koke!), "ʻoi aku ka lahilahi" ma ka nui o kāna GUI ponoʻī a ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā lawelawe ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o Windows Core ʻo kāna lako pono ʻole a me ka mana console piha ma o PowerShell.
Inā ʻoe e hele i ka pūnaewele Microsoft a nānā i nā koi ʻenehana, a laila e hoʻomaka i ka Windows Server 2016/2019 pono ʻoe ma ka liʻiliʻi o 2 gigs o RAM a ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi kumu me ka wikiwiki o ka uaki o 1,4 GHz. Akā ʻike mākou āpau me kēlā ʻano hoʻonohonoho hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i ka hana ʻoluʻolu o kā mākou OS. ʻO ia ke kumu i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ai ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o Windows Server a ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2 cores/4 threads mai ka papa hana, inā ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻawi iā ia me kahi mīkini kino makamae ma kekahi Xeon, ma kahi o kahi mīkini virtual haʻahaʻa.
I ka manawa like, ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana kikowaena pono wale nō e koi i ka 512 MB o ka hoʻomanaʻo, a ʻo kēlā mau kumuwaiwai i hoʻopau ʻia e ka GUI e huki wale ʻia ma ka pale a mālama i kāna mau lawelawe holoʻokoʻa hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no kahi mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Eia kahi hoʻohālikelike o nā lawelawe Windows Core i kākoʻo ʻia ma waho o ka pahu a me kahi Windows Server piha mai ka punaewele Microsoft.
noi
kikowaena kikowaena
kikowaena meʻike pākaukau
Kauoha kauoha
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Windows PowerShell/Microsoft .NET
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Perfmon.exe
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Windbg (GUI)
kākoʻo
kōkua i loaʻa:
Resmon.exe
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
ʻO Regedit
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Fsutil.exe
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Disksnapshot.exe
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Diskpart.exe
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Auau.msc
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
devmgmt.msc
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Luna Pūnaewele
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
mmc.exe
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Eventvwr
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Wevtutil (Nīnau hanana)
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Services.msc
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Na Makuahine Panel
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Hoʻohou Windows (GUI)
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
WindowsʻImi Loa
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Taskbar
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Nā hoʻolaha pākaukau
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Taskmgr
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Internet Explorer a i ʻole Edge
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Pūnaehana kōkua i kūkulu ʻia
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Windows 10 Shell
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Windows
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
PowerShell
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Kahiki ISE
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
PowerShell IME
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Mstsc.exe
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
Nā lawelawe papamahi mamao
kōkua i loaʻa:
kōkua i loaʻa:
Luna Hoʻokele Hyper-V
ʻaʻole loaʻa
kōkua i loaʻa:
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ua ʻoki ʻia ka nui mai Windows Core. ʻO nā lawelawe a me nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka GUI o ka ʻōnaehana, a me nā "ʻōpala" ʻaʻole pono i kā mākou console virtual machine, no ka laʻana, Windows Media Player, hele ma lalo o ka pahi.
Aneane like me Linux, ʻaʻole naʻe
Makemake au e hoʻohālikelike i ka Windows Server Core me nā māhele Linux, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pololei kēia. ʻAe, ua like kēia mau ʻōnaehana i kekahi i kekahi ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka waiwai ma muli o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka GUI a me nā lawelawe ʻaoʻao he nui, akā ma ke ʻano o ka hana a me kekahi mau ala e hui ai, ʻo Windows nō kēia, ʻaʻole kahi ʻōnaehana Unix.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi loa ma ke kūkulu lima ʻana i ka kernel Linux a laila hoʻokomo i nā pūʻolo a me nā lawelawe, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu Linux māmā i mea kaumaha a like me ka pahi Swiss Army (eia makemake wau e hana i kahi ʻakaʻaka accordion e pili ana iā Python. a hoʻokomo i kahi kiʻi mai ka moʻo "If Programming Languages Were Weapons", akā ʻaʻole mākou). I loko o Windows Core, ʻaʻole nui ke kūʻokoʻa o ia ʻano, no ka mea, ke hana nei mākou i kahi huahana Microsoft.
Ua mākaukau ʻo Windows Server Core, hiki ke koho ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho paʻamau mai ka papa ma luna. Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi mea mai ka papa inoa ʻole i kākoʻo ʻia, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā mea i nalowale ma ka pūnaewele ma o ka console. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e poina e pili ana i ka Feature on demand a me ka hiki ke hoʻoiho i nā ʻāpana e like me nā faila CAB, a laila hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka hui ma mua o ke kau ʻana. Akā, ʻaʻole hana kēia palapala inā ʻike ʻoe i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana e nalowale ana ʻoe i kekahi o nā lawelawe ʻoki.
Akā ʻo ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka mana Core mai ka mana piha ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ʻōnaehana a hoʻohui i nā lawelawe me ka ʻole o ka hana. Kākoʻo ʻo Windows Core i ka ʻōwili wela o nā pūʻolo, me ka ʻole o ka reboot. ʻO ka hopena, e pili ana i nā ʻike kūpono: pono e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia kahi mīkini e holo ana i ka Windows Core ~ 6 mau manawa ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Windows Server, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina.
ʻO kahi bonus leʻaleʻa no nā luna hoʻomalu inā hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia - ma o ka console, me ka ʻole o RDP - a ʻaʻole i lilo i lua Windows Server, a laila lilo ia i mea paʻa loa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka mana piha. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā nāwaliwali o Windows Server ma muli o RDP a me nā hana a ka mea hoʻohana, ma o kēia RDP ponoʻī, hana i kahi mea pono ʻole e hana. He mea like ia me ka moʻolelo me Henry Ford a me kona ʻano e pili ana i ke kala o kahi kaʻa: "Hiki i kēlā me kēia mea kūʻai ke pena i ke kaʻa i kēlā me kēia kala āna e makemake ai e like me ka lōʻihi. ʻeleʻele" Ua like ia me ka ʻōnaehana: hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke kamaʻilio me ka ʻōnaehana ma kekahi ʻano, ʻo ka mea nui ke hana ʻo ia ma o ua hana.
E hoʻouka a hoʻokele i ka Windows Server 2019 Core
Ua haʻi mua mākou ʻo Windows Core ka Windows Server me ka ʻole o ka wīwī GUI. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana kokoke i nā mana o Windows Server ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi, haʻalele i ka GUI. No nā huahana i loko o ka ʻohana Windows Server 2019, ʻo kēia ka 3 o ka 4 server i kūkulu ʻia: loaʻa ke ʻano kumu no ka Windows Server 2019 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2019 Datacenter a me Hyper-V Server 2019, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo Windows Server 2019 Essentials wale nō i kāpae ʻia. mai keia papa inoa.
I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ka pūʻulu hoʻonohonoho Windows Server Core. Ma ka Microsoft installer maʻamau, hāʻawi maoli ʻia ka mana kumu ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoiai e koho lima ʻia ka mana GUI:
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koho no ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ma mua o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo PowerShell, i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea hana ma ke ʻano maʻamau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele i kahi mīkini virtual ma Windows Server Core ma ʻelima mau ala like ʻole:
- PowerShell mamao;
- Nā mea hana hoʻokele kikowaena mamao (RSAT);
- Windows Admin Center;
- Sconfig;
- Luna Manakia.
ʻO nā kūlana mua ʻekolu i makemake nui ʻia: PowerShell maʻamau, RSAT a me Windows Admin Center. Eia naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pōmaikaʻi o kekahi o nā mea hana, loaʻa iā mākou nā palena i kau ʻia.
ʻAʻole mākou e wehewehe i nā hiki o ka console; ʻO PowerShell ʻo PowerShell, me kāna mau pono a me nā ʻae. Me RSAT a me WAC he mea paʻakikī loa nā mea a pau.
Hāʻawi ʻo WAC iā ʻoe i ke komo ʻana i nā mana ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kākau inoa a me ka mālama ʻana i nā disks a me nā mea hana. ʻO RSAT ma ka hihia mua wale nō e hana i ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona a ʻaʻole e ʻae iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻololi, a no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā disks a me nā hāmeʻa kino Remote Server Administration Tools pono i kahi GUI, ʻaʻole ia ka hihia i kā mākou hihia. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole hiki i ka RSAT ke hana me nā faila a, no laila, nā mea hou, hoʻonohonoho / wehe ʻana i nā polokalamu i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kākau inoa.
▍ Hoʻoponopono ʻōnaehana
WAC
RSAT
Hooponopono Mea
ia
ia
Lunahooponopono helu
ia
No
Hoʻoponopono pūnaewele
ia
ia
Nānā Hanana
ia
ia
Nā Palapala Kaʻana like
ia
ia
Hoʻoponopono pā
ia
No nā kikowaena me GUI wale nō
Mea hoʻonohonoho hana
ia
ia
Ka hoʻokele hāmeʻa
ia
No nā kikowaena me GUI wale nō
Hooponopono waihona
ia
No
hooponopono mea hoohana
ia
ia
Hooponopono hui
ia
ia
Hooponopono palapala
ia
ia
Nā Hōʻoia
ia
No
Ke wehe nei i nā polokalamu
ia
No
Nānā Pūnaewele
ia
ia
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi ʻo RSAT iā mākou i ka mana piha ma luna o nā kuleana ma ka mīkini, ʻoiai ʻo Windows Admin Center ʻaʻole hiki ke hana maoli i kēia mea. Eia ka hoʻohālikelike o nā mana o RSAT a me WAC ma kēia ʻano, no ka akaka:
▍ Hooponopono kuleana
WAC
RSAT
Palekana Uila Kiʻekiʻe
KAHIKI
No
Pūkākūkā Windows
KAHIKI
ia
Nā pahu pahu
KAHIKI
ia
AD Administrative Center
KAHIKI
ia
AD Domain a me nā Trust
No
ia
Nā pūnaewele AD a me nā lawelawe
No
ia
DHCP
KAHIKI
ia
pākuʻina kau
KAHIKI
ia
Lunahooponopono DFS
No
ia
Luna GPO
No
ia
Lunahooponopono IIS
No
ia
ʻO ia, ua maopopo inā inā haʻalele mākou i ka GUI a me PowerShell no nā mana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke haʻalele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi ʻano mea hana mono: no ka hoʻokele piha ʻana ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau, pono mākou ma ka liʻiliʻi. kahi hui o RSAT a me WAC.
Eia naʻe, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo e uku ʻoe i 150-180 megabytes o RAM e hoʻohana ai i ka WAC. Ke hoʻohui ʻia, hana ʻo Windows Admin Center i nā manawa 3-4 ma ka ʻaoʻao kikowaena, ʻaʻole i pepehi ʻia ʻoiai ke kāpae ʻia ka hāmeʻa mai ka mīkini virtual. ʻAʻole hana ʻo WAC me nā mana kahiko o PowerShell, no laila pono ʻoe i ka PowerShell 5.0. Kūʻē kēia mau mea i kā mākou paradigm o ka austerity, akā pono ʻoe e uku no ka hōʻoluʻolu. I kā mākou hihia - RAM.
ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka Server Core ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka GUI me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, i ʻole e huki a puni nā ʻōpala i hele mai me ka interface i kahi hui piha.
I kēia hihia, loaʻa iā mākou nā koho ʻelua: ʻōwili i ka Explorer mua ma ka ʻōnaehana a i ʻole e hoʻohana iā Explorer++. Ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe i ka hope, ua kūpono kēlā me kēia faila: Total Commander, FAR Manager, Double Commander, a pēlā aku. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hope inā he mea koʻikoʻi ka mālama ʻana iā RAM. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui iā Explorer++ a i ʻole nā manakia faila ʻē aʻe ma ka hana ʻana i kahi waihona pūnaewele a hoʻokuʻu iā ia ma o ka console a i ʻole ka mea hoʻonohonoho.
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi Explorer holoʻokoʻa e hāʻawi iā mākou i nā manawa hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana me nā polokalamu i lako me kahi UI. No kēia mea mākou i Server Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD) nāna e hoʻihoʻi iā MMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe a me Powershell ISE i ka ʻōnaehana. Eia nō naʻe, pono mākou e uku no kēia, e like me ka hihia me WAC: e nalowale loa mākou ma kahi o 150-200 megabytes o RAM, kahi e hoʻopau ʻia e explorer.exe a me nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai inā ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohana ikaika ma ka mīkini.
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo e ka ʻōnaehana i nā mīkini me ka ʻole o ka pūʻolo ʻōiwi Explorer.
Ua kū mai kahi nīnau kūpono ma aneʻi: no ke aha kēia hulahula me PowerShell, FOD, nā faila, inā he ʻanuʻu hema a ʻākau paha e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka RAM? No ke aha e hoʻohuhi ai iā ʻoe iho me kahi pūʻulu o nā mea hana a shuffle mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻoluʻolu ma Windows Server Core, ke hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoiho iā Windows Server 2016/2019 a noho e like me ke kanaka keʻokeʻo?
Nui nā kumu e hoʻohana ai i ka Server Core. ʻO ka mua: ʻaneʻane ka hapalua o ka hoʻohana hoʻomanaʻo o kēia manawa. Inā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo kēia kūlana ke kumu o kā mākou ʻatikala ma ka hoʻomaka. No ka hoʻohālikelike, eia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo o Windows Server 2019, e hoʻohālikelike me nā kiʻi ma luna.
A no laila, 1146 MB o ka hoʻohana hoʻomanaʻo ma kahi o 655 MB ma Core.
Ke manaʻo nei ʻaʻole pono ʻoe iā WAC a e hoʻohana iā Explorer++ ma kahi o ka Explorer mua, a laila ʻoe e lanakila mau ana ʻoe ma kahi o ka hapalua ʻeka ma kēlā me kēia mīkini virtual e holo ana i ka Windows Server. Inā hoʻokahi wale nō mīkini maʻemaʻe, a laila ʻaʻole nui ka piʻi ʻana, akā inā ʻelima o lākou? ʻO kēia kahi e pono ai kahi GUI, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe.
ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole e alakaʻi nā hula a puni ʻo Windows Server Core iā ʻoe e hakakā i ka pilikia nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Windows Server - RDP a me kona palekana (ʻoi aku ka pololei, ʻo kona nele piha). ʻO Windows Core, i uhi ʻia me FOD, RSAT a me WAC, he kikowaena me ka ʻole o RDP, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi i ka 95% o nā hoʻouka kaua.
Ke koena
Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka momona o Windows Core ma mua o ka hoʻoili ʻana o Linux stock, akā ʻoi aku ka hana. Inā pono ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu i nā kumuwaiwai a mākaukau e hana me ka console, WAC a me RSAT, a hoʻohana i nā mana faila ma kahi o kahi GUI piha, a laila pono ʻo Core e hoʻolohe. Eia kekahi, me ia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale i ka uku ʻana no kahi Windows piha, a hoʻolilo i ke kālā i mālama ʻia ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāu , hoʻohui i laila, no ka laʻana, RAM. No ka maʻalahi, ua hoʻohui mākou i ka Windows Server Core i kā mākou .
Source: www.habr.com