ʻO ka mua, he moʻolelo liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka Pūnaewele 1.0 kahi pūnaewele no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike i kau ʻia ma nā pūnaewele e nā mea nona lākou. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao html static, heluhelu-wale i ka ʻike, ʻo ka hauʻoli nui ka hyperlink e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻaoʻao o kēia a me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o kahi pūnaewele he kumu ʻike. ʻO ke au o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻike pahemo i ka pūnaewele: ka helu helu ʻana i nā puke, ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi (kakaikahi nā pahu kiʻi kiʻi).
ʻO ka Pūnaewele 2.0 kahi pūnaewele kaiapili e hui pū ai i nā kānaka. ʻO nā mea hoʻohana, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pūnaewele pūnaewele, hana pololei i nā ʻike ma nā ʻaoʻao pūnaewele. Nā pūnaewele hoʻoikaika paʻa, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻike, ka syndication pūnaewele, ka ʻenehana mash-up, AJAX, nā lawelawe pūnaewele. Ke hāʻawi nei nā kumuwaiwai ʻike i nā ʻoihana pūnaewele, ka hoʻokipa blog, a me nā wikis. ʻO ke au o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻike pūnaewele.
Ua maopopo ua ala mai ka huaʻōlelo "web 1.0" ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o "web 2.0" e kuhikuhi i ka Pūnaewele kahiko. A kokoke koke e hoʻomaka nā kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mana 3.0 e hiki mai ana. Nui nā koho no ka ʻike ʻana i kēia wā e hiki mai ana, a ʻo lākou a pau, ʻoiaʻiʻo, pili i ka lanakila ʻana i nā hemahema a me nā palena o ka pūnaewele 2.0.
Ua hopohopo nui ʻo Netscape.com CEO Jason Calacanis e pili ana i ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea i hana ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana a ua manaʻo ʻo ia ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Pūnaewele he "poʻe makana" e hoʻomaka ana e "hana i nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe" (Web 3.0, ka "official". ” wehewehe, 2007). He kūpono loa ka manaʻo, akā ʻaʻole ia i wehewehe pehea a ma hea lākou e hana ai i kēia, ma nā pūnaewele hea. ʻAe, ʻaʻole ma Facebook.
ʻO ka mea kākau o ka huaʻōlelo "web 2.0," ʻo Tim O'Reilly, i manaʻo kūpono ʻaʻole pono kahi mea hoʻopili hilinaʻi ʻole e like me ke kanaka e kau i ka ʻike ma ka Pūnaewele. Hiki i nā mea ʻenehana ke hāʻawi i ka ʻikepili i ka Pūnaewele. A hiki i nā mea ʻenehana like ke heluhelu pololei i ka ʻikepili mai kahi mālama pūnaewele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua manaʻo ʻo Tim O'Reilly e hoʻopili i ka pūnaewele 3.0 me ka huaʻōlelo "Internet of Things" i kamaʻāina mua iā mākou.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka World Wide Web, ʻo Tim Berners-Lee, i ʻike i ka mana o ka Pūnaewele i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāna moeʻuhane lōʻihi (1998) o ka pūnaewele semantic. A ua lanakila kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo - ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ʻōlelo ʻo "web 3.0" a hiki i kēia manawa ke manaʻo nei ʻo ia ka pūnaewele semantic, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi pūnaewele kahi e pono ai ka ʻike o nā ʻaoʻao pūnaewele no kahi kamepiula, hiki ke heluhelu ʻia e ka mīkini. Ma kahi o 2010-2012, nui nā kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ontologization, ua hānau ʻia nā papahana semantic i nā pūʻulu, akā ʻike ʻia ka hopena i nā mea a pau - ke hoʻohana nei mākou i ka mana pūnaewele 2.0. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka Schema.org wale nō ka hoʻolālā semantic markup a me nā kiʻi ʻike o nā monsters Internet Google, Microsoft, Facebook, a me LinkedIn i ola piha.
Ua kōkua nā nalu ikaika hou o nā mea hou i ka uhi ʻana i ka hemahema o ka Pūnaewele Semantic. Ua hoʻololi ka makemake o ka poʻe paʻi a me nā poʻe maʻamau i ka ʻikepili nui, ka Pūnaewele o nā mea, ke aʻo hohonu, drones, augmented reality a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, blockchain. Inā ʻo nā mea mua ma ka papa inoa ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻenehana offline, a laila ʻo blockchain kahi papahana pūnaewele. Ma ka piko o kona kaulana ma 2017-2018, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo ia ka Pūnaewele hou (ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia manaʻo e kekahi o nā mea hoʻokumu o Ethereum, ʻo Joseph Lubin).
Akā ua hala ka manawa, a ua hoʻomaka ka huaʻōlelo "blockchain" ʻaʻole me ka holomua i ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā me nā manaʻolana kūpono ʻole. A ua ala maoli ka manaʻo o ka rebranding: ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka blockchain ma ke ʻano he papahana ponoʻī, akā e hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o kahi ʻenehana e hōʻike ana i nā mea hou a nani. No kēia "hou" ua loaʻa kahi inoa (ʻaʻole naʻe he mea hou) "web 3.0". A i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kēia mea hou ʻole o ka inoa, pono e hoʻokomo i ka pūnaewele semantic i loko o ka "māmā".
No laila, ʻaʻole ʻo blockchain ke ʻano o kēia manawa, akā ʻo ka ʻōnaehana o ka decentralized Internet web 3.0, kahi o nā ʻenehana nui: blockchain, aʻo mīkini, semantic pūnaewele a me ka Pūnaewele o nā mea. I loko o nā kikokikona he nui i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka reincarnation hou o ka pūnaewele 3.0, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i kēlā me kēia o kāna mau ʻāpana, akā pōʻino, ʻaʻohe pane i nā nīnau kūlohelohe: pehea e hui pū ai kēia mau ʻenehana i kekahi mea. holoʻokoʻa, no ke aha e pono ai nā pūnaewele neural i ka Pūnaewele o nā mea, a me ka pūnaewele semantic blockchain? ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hui e hoʻomau i ka hana ma ka blockchain (ma ka manaʻolana e hana i kahi crypt e hiki ke lanakila i ka pōpō cue, a i ʻole e hana wale ana i nā hoʻopukapuka), akā ma lalo o ke ʻano hou o "web 3.0". Eia nō naʻe, ma ka liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole e pili ana i nā manaʻolana kūpono ʻole.
Akā ʻaʻole kaumaha nā mea a pau. I kēia manawa e hoʻāʻo wau e pane pōkole i nā nīnau i nīnau ʻia ma luna.
No ke aha e pono ai i ka pūnaewele semantic blockchain? ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ʻaneʻi pono mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka blockchain e like me ia (he kaulahao o nā poloka pili crypto), akā e pili ana i ka ʻenehana e hāʻawi i ka ʻike mea hoʻohana, ka ʻae ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano cryptographic i kahi pūnaewele peer-to-peer. . No laila, loaʻa i ka pakuhi semantic e like me ia pūnaewele kahi waihona decentralized hilinaʻi me ka ʻike cryptographic o nā moʻolelo a me nā mea hoʻohana. ʻAʻole kēia ka semantic markup o nā ʻaoʻao ma ka hoʻokipa manuahi.
No ke aha e pono ai i kahi blockchain conditional semantics? ʻO ka Ontology ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻike i nā kumuhana a me nā pae. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo kahi pūnaewele semantic i hoʻolei ʻia ma luna o kahi pūnaewele peer-to-peer-a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻikepili pūnaewele i loko o ka pakuhi semantic hoʻokahi-e hāʻawi i ka hui pū ʻana o ka pūnaewele, ʻo ia hoʻi, kona scaling ākea. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho pae o ka pakuhi e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻikepili semantically kūʻokoʻa. He hoʻolālā ʻikepili kēia, ʻaʻole e hoʻolei wale i nā mea āpau i loko o nā poloka a mālama ʻia ma nā nodes a pau.
No ke aha e pono ai ka Pūnaewele o nā mea i nā semantics a me blockchain? He mea koʻikoʻi nā mea āpau me ka blockchain - pono ia ma ke ʻano he waihona hilinaʻi me kahi ʻōnaehana i kūkulu ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hana (me nā mea ʻike IoT) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kī cryptographic. A ʻo nā semantics, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka kahe o ka ʻikepili i nā pūʻulu kumuhana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hāʻawi ia i ka wehe ʻana i nā nodes, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka ʻikepili i hoʻouna ʻia e nā mea IoT i mea nui, a no laila kūʻokoʻa. nā noi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke poina e pili ana i ke noi ʻana i nā palapala no nā API noi.
A ke ʻike ʻia nei ka pōmaikaʻi like ʻole mai ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini a me ka pūnaewele semantic? ʻAe, maʻalahi loa nā mea a pau ma ʻaneʻi. Ma hea, inā ʻaʻole i loko o ka pakuhi semantic, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i kahi ʻano nui o nā ʻikepili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia, i wehewehe ʻia ma ka ʻano hoʻokahi, no laila e pono ai no ke aʻo ʻana i nā neurons? Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he aha ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka neural network e kālailai i ka pakuhi no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā anomalies pono a ʻino paha, e ʻōlelo, e ʻike i nā manaʻo hou, synonyms a spam paha?
A ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka pūnaewele 3.0 e pono ai mākou. E ʻōlelo ʻo Jason Calacanis: Ua haʻi aku au iā ʻoe he mea hana ia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe e nā poʻe akamai. E ʻoluʻolu ʻo Tim Berners-Lee: nā lula semantics. A pololei pū ʻo Tim O'Reilly: ʻo ka pūnaewele 3.0 e pili ana i "ka launa pū ʻana o ka Pūnaewele me ka honua kino," e pili ana i ka blurring i ka laina ma waena o ka pūnaewele a me waho, ke poina mākou i nā huaʻōlelo "kiʻi ma ka pūnaewele."
ʻO kaʻu mau ala mua i ke kumuhana
- (2012)
- (wikiō, 2013)
- (2015)
- (2019)
Source: www.habr.com