Aloha kākou. Ma ka pō o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hui papa hou Ke hoʻopuka nei mākou i nā mea pono i kākau ʻia e kā mākou haumāna, a me ke kumu aʻoaʻo, ka loea kākoʻo loea no nā huahana REG.RU hui - Roman Travin.
E noʻonoʻo kēia ʻatikala i nā hihia 2 o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā disks a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike i nā disks hou o ka mana nui me ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka array a me ka ʻōnaehana faila. ʻO ka hihia mua e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā disks me ka MBR / MBR a i ʻole GPT / GPT partitioning, ʻo ka hihia ʻelua e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā disks me ka MBR partitioning me nā disks me ka nui o ka 2 TB, kahi āu e pono ai e hoʻokomo. kahi ʻāpana GPT me kahi ʻāpana biosboot. Ma nā hihia ʻelua, ua hoʻokomo mua ʻia nā disks kahi a mākou e hoʻoili ai i ka ʻikepili ma ke kikowaena. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana faila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻāpana kumu he ext4.
Hana 1: Hoʻololi i nā diski liʻiliʻi me nā diski nui (a hiki i 2TB)
He hana: Hoʻololi i nā disks o kēia manawa me nā disks nui (a hiki i 2 TB) me ka hoʻoili ʻike. I kēia hihia, loaʻa iā mākou nā disks 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) me ka ʻōnaehana i hoʻokomo ʻia a me 2 x 1 TB SATA disks kahi e pono ai ke hoʻoili ʻia ka ʻōnaehana.
E nānā kākou i ka hoʻolālā disk o kēia manawa.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk E nānā kāua i ka wahi ʻōnaehana faila i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
ʻO ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana faila ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā disks he 204 GB, 2 md126 software arrays i hoʻohana ʻia, i kau ʻia i loko. /boot и md127, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me leo kino no ka hui VG vg0.
1. Ke wehe nei i nā ʻāpana diski mai nā arrays
Ke nānā nei i ke kūlana o ka laha
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana i 2 arrays: md126 (wahi mauna /boot) - aia kekahi ʻāpana /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM no swap a me ke kumu o ka waihona waihona) - i loko o /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Hōʻailona mākou i nā ʻāpana o ka disk mua i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻano he ʻino.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Wehe mākou i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana / dev / sda block mai nā arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Ma hope o kā mākou wehe ʻana i ka disk mai ka laha, e like me kēia ka ʻike o ka mea poloka.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk ʻO ke kūlana o nā ʻāpana ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i nā disks.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. E kope i ka papa ʻaina i kahi disk hou
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka papa ʻaina i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka disk me kēia kauoha.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
ʻO ka hopena no MBR:
Disk label type: dosno GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Ke kope ʻana i ka papa ʻāpana no MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcMa keia hui ʻo ka mua hōʻike ʻia ka disk с no laila kope ʻia ka markup, lua - kahi kope.
KANAWAI: No GPT ʻo ka mua hōʻike ʻia ka disk ma kahi hōʻailona kope ka lua hōʻike ka disk i ka disk mai kahi mai hōʻailona kope. Inā hoʻohui ʻoe i nā disks, e hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻāpana maikaʻi mua a luku ʻia.
Ke kope nei i ka papa kuhikuhi no GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbA laila, hāʻawi i kahi UUID maʻamau i ka disk (no GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kauoha, pono e ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana ma ka disk /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Inā, ma hope o ka hana ʻana, nā ʻāpana i ka ʻōnaehana ma ka disk /dev/sdc undecided, a laila hoʻokō mākou i ke kauoha e heluhelu hou i ka papa ʻaina.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcInā hoʻohana nā disks o kēia manawa i ka papa MBR a pono e hoʻoili ʻia ka ʻike i nā disks ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2 TB, a laila ma nā disks hou pono ʻoe e hana lima i ka GPT partitioning me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pā biosboot. E kūkākūkā ʻia kēia hihia ma ka ʻāpana 2 o kēia ʻatikala.
3. Hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana o ka disk hou i ka laha
E hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana disk i nā ʻāpana pili.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Nānā mākou ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Ma hope o kēia, kali mākou no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā arrays.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā mau i ke kaʻina hana synchronization me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pono watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
ʻO ka pākuhi -n e kuhikuhi ana i ka manawa o ke kekona e hoʻokō ʻia ke kauoha e nānā i ka holomua.
E hana hou i nā ʻanuʻu 1 - 3 no ka disk pani hou.
Hōʻailona mākou i nā ʻāpana o ka diski ʻelua i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻano he ʻino.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ke wehe nei i nā ʻāpana o ka mea paʻa /dev/sdb mai nā papa kuhikuhi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Ma hope o kā mākou wehe ʻana i ka disk mai ka laha, e like me kēia ka ʻike o ka mea poloka.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
ʻO ke kūlana o nā ʻāpana ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i nā disks.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ke kope ʻana i ka papa ʻaina MBR mai ka diski /dev/sdс i ka diski /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kauoha, pono e ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana ma ka disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana disk i nā ʻāpana.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Nānā mākou ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ma hope o kēia, kali mākou no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā arrays.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Ke hoʻokomo ʻana iā GRUB ma nā drive hou
No CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXNo Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
kahi X — palapala o ka mea poloka. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo iā GRUB ma /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Hoʻonui ʻōnaehana waihona (ext4) o ka ʻāpana kumu
Ma nā diski hou /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB loaʻa. Ma muli o ke kope ʻana o ka papa ʻaina mai nā disks liʻiliʻi, nā ʻāpana /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 Loaʻa ka 222.5 GB.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Pono:
- E hoʻonui i ka ʻāpana 2 ma kēlā me kēia disks,
- E hoʻonui i ka laʻana md127,
- Hoʻonui i ka PV (leo kino),
- Hoʻonui i ka LV (logical-volume) vg0-root,
- E hoʻonui i ka ʻōnaehana waihona.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka pono hoʻokaʻawale e hoonui kakou i ka pauku /dev/sdc2 i ka waiwai nui. E hoʻokō i ke kauoha parted /dev/sdc (1) a nānā i ka papa ʻaina o kēia manawa me ke kauoha p (2).
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, pau ka hopena o ka pā 2 ma 240 GB. E hoonui kakou i ka paku me ke kauoha resizepart 2, kahi 2 ka helu o ka pauku (3). Hōʻike mākou i ka waiwai ma ke ʻano kikohoʻe, no ka laʻana 1000 GB, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i ka hōʻailona o ka māhele disk - 100%. Nānā hou mākou i ka nui hou o ka pā (4).
E hana hou i nā ʻanuʻu i luna no ka disk /dev/sdd. Ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻāpana /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 ua like me 930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ma hope o kēia, hoʻonui mākou i ka array md127 i ka nui loa.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxNānā mākou ua hoʻonui ʻia ka array. I kēia manawa ua lilo kona nui i 930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Hoʻonui i ka hoʻonui leo kino. Ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana, e nānā kākou i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, PV /dev/md127 hoʻohana i ka 222.4 GB o ka lewa.
Hoʻonui mākou i ka PV me kēia kauoha.
pvresize /dev/md127Ke nānā nei i ka hopena o ka hoʻonui PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Hoʻonui leo pono. Ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana, e nānā kākou i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o LV (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root hoʻohana i ka 206.41 GB.
Hoʻonui mākou i ka LV me kēia kauoha (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootNānā mākou i ka hana i hoʻopau ʻia (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka LV, ua lilo ka nui o ka wahi diski i 914.39 GB.
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka leo LV (4), akā noho mau ka ʻōnaehana faila i 204 GB (5).
1. E hoʻonui kākou i ka ʻōnaehana faila.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootMa hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ke kauoha, nānā mākou i ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana faila.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0E hoʻonui ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana faila i 900 GB. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu, hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i nā disks kahiko.
Hana 2: Hoʻololi i nā diski liʻiliʻi me nā diski nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o 2TB)
Hoʻoikaika kino: Hoʻololi i nā disks o kēia manawa me nā diski nui aʻe (2 x 3TB) ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka ʻike. I kēia hihia, loaʻa iā mākou nā disks 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) me ka ʻōnaehana i hoʻokomo ʻia a me 2 x 3 TB SATA disks kahi e pono ai ke hoʻoili ʻia ka ʻōnaehana. Hoʻohana nā disks o kēia manawa i ka papa ʻāpana MBR. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā disks hou ma mua o 2 TB, pono lākou e hoʻohana i kahi papa GPT, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻo MBR me nā disks ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2 TB.
E nānā kākou i ka hoʻolālā disk o kēia manawa.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
E nānā kākou i ka papa ʻaina i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka diski /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Ma ka diski /dev/sdb hoʻohana ʻia kahi papa ʻaina like. E nānā kākou i ka hakahaka diski i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻōnaehana.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0E like me kāu e ʻike ai, lawe ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana faila i ka 204 GB. E nānā kākou i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka polokalamu RAID array.
1. Ke hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi papa ʻāpana GPT a me ka hoʻokaʻawale disk
E nānā kākou i ka hoʻolālā disk ma ka māhele.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Ma ka diski 3TB hou, pono mākou e hana i nā ʻāpana 3:
- Paukū
bios_grub2MiB nui no ka GPT BIOS hoʻohālikelike, - ʻO ka māhele no ka RAID array e kau ʻia i loko
/boot. - ʻO ka māhele no ka RAID array kahi e loaʻa ai LV kumu и Hoʻololi LV.
Ke kau nei i ka pono hoʻokaʻawale hui yum install -y parted (no CentOS), apt install -y parted (no Debian/Ubuntu).
Ke hoʻohana nei hoʻokaʻawale E holo kāua i kēia mau kauoha e hoʻokaʻawale i ka disk.
E hoʻokō i ke kauoha parted /dev/sdc a hele i ke ʻano hoʻoponopono hoʻonohonoho disk.
E hana i kahi papa ʻāpana GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Hana 1 pauku bios_grub pauku a kau i ka hae no ia mea.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
E hana i ka ʻāpana 2 a kau i ka hae no ia. E hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāpana ma ke ʻano he poloka no kahi array RAID a kau ʻia i loko /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onHoʻokumu mākou i kahi ʻāpana 3, e hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano he poloka array kahi e loaʻa ai ʻo LVM.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonohonoho i ka hae, akā inā pono, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia me kēia kauoha.
(parted) set 3 raid onNānā mākou i ka papa i hana ʻia.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Hāʻawi mākou i kahi GUID maʻamau hou i ka disk.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Wehe i nā ʻāpana o ka diski mua mai nā arrays
Ke nānā nei i ke kūlana o ka laha
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana i 2 arrays: md126 (mount point / boot) - aia me /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM no swap a me ke kumu o ka waihona waihona) - i loko o /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Hōʻailona mākou i nā ʻāpana o ka disk mua i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻano he ʻino.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Ke wehe nei i nā ʻāpana o ka mea paʻa /dev/sda mai nā papa kuhikuhi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Ke nānā nei i ke kūlana o ka laha ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana o ka disk hou i ka laha
ʻO ka hana aʻe e hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana o ka disk hou i nā arrays no ka synchronization. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā disk.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Paukū /dev/sdc1 he bios_grub ʻāpana a ʻaʻole pili i ka hana ʻana i nā arrays. E hoʻohana wale nā lāʻau /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Hoʻohui mākou i kēia mau ʻāpana i nā arrays pili.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3A laila, kali mākou no ka hui pū ʻana o ka array.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Hoʻolālā disk ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana i ka array.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Wehe i nā ʻāpana o ka diski ʻelua mai nā arrays
Hōʻailona mākou i nā ʻāpana o ka diski ʻelua i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻano he ʻino.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ke wehe nei i nā ʻāpana o ka mea paʻa /dev/sda mai nā papa kuhikuhi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. E kope i ka papa hoʻonohonoho GPT a hoʻonohonoho i ka papa kuhikuhi
No ke kope ʻana i ka papa kuhikuhi GPT e hoʻohana mākou i ka pono sgdisk, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pūʻolo no ka hana ʻana me nā ʻāpana disk a me kahi papa GPT - gdisk.
Kāu Mau Koho Paʻamau gdisk no CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
Kāu Mau Koho Paʻamau gdisk no Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskKANAWAI: No GPT ʻo ka mua hōʻike ʻia ka disk ma kahi kope i ka markup, ka lua hōʻike ka disk i ka disk mai kahi mai kope i ka hoailona. Inā hoʻohui ʻoe i nā disks, e hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻāpana maikaʻi mua a luku ʻia.
E kope i ka papa kuhikuhi GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka disk ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana i kahi pākaukau i ka disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Ma hope aʻe, hoʻohui mākou i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana e komo ana i nā polokalamu RAID arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Ke kali nei mākou no ka hui pū ʻana o ka array.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Ma hope o ke kope ʻana i ka ʻāpana GPT i ka disk hou ʻelua, e like ke ʻano o ka pā.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]A laila, e hoʻokomo iā GRUB ma nā disks hou.
Hoʻokomo no CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXHoʻokomo ʻia no Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
kahi X — palapala kalaiwa, ma ko makou hihia, drives /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Hoʻonui mākou i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka array.
No CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confNo Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Hoʻohou i ke kiʻi initrd:
No CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allNo Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allHoʻopau mākou i ka hoʻonohonoho GRUB.
No CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
No Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubMa hope o ka pau ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu, hiki ke wehe ʻia nā disks kahiko.
6. Hoʻonui ʻōnaehana waihona (ext4) o ka ʻāpana kumu
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka disk ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana waihona ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana i 2 x 3TB disks (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
I kēia manawa nā ʻāpana /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 noho 2.7 TB. Ma muli o ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā disk hou me kahi papa GPT, ua hoʻonohonoho koke ʻia ka nui o ka ʻāpana 3 i ka nui o ka disk space; i kēia hihia, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻonui i ka pā.
Pono:
- E hoʻonui i ka laʻana md126,
- Hoʻonui i ka PV (leo kino),
- Hoʻonui i ka LV (logical-volume) vg0-root,
- E hoʻonui i ka ʻōnaehana waihona.
1. E hoʻonui i ka laha md126 i ka nui loa.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka array md126 ua hoʻonui ka nui o ka wahi i noho ʻia i 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Hoʻonui leo kino.
Ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana, e nānā i ka waiwai o kēia manawa o ka wahi i noho ʻia PV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Hoʻonui mākou i ka PV me kēia kauoha.
pvresize /dev/md126
Nānā mākou i ka hana i hoʻopau ʻia.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tHoʻonui logical volume vg0-root.
Ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka PV, e nānā kāua i ka hakahaka VG.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tE nānā kākou i ka hakahaka i noho ʻia e LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Aia ka vg0-root volume i ka 206.41 GB.
Hoʻonui mākou i ka LV i ka nui o ka disk space.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root E nānā ana i ka hakahaka LV ma hope o ka hoʻonui.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gHoʻonui i ka ʻōnaehana faila (ext4).
E nānā kākou i ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana waihona.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Loaʻa ka leo /dev/mapper/vg0-root i 204 GB ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana o LV.
Hoʻonui i ka ʻōnaehana faila.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Ke nānā nei i ka nui o ka waihona ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana faila e uhi i ka leo holoʻokoʻa.
Source: www.habr.com