Ma Ianuali 14, ka lā mua o ka makahiki hou 2017, ka ʻatikala "".
1987 makahiki
Ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana, ka mea i hoʻoulu ai i nā manaʻo he nui, ua hiki mai ka makahiki 1987 i ka noʻonoʻo, ma kāna ʻano ponoʻī he makahiki koʻikoʻi i koʻu ola. ʻO kēia ka makahiki i lilo ai au, mai kahi mea noiʻi ʻōpio maʻamau, i poʻo o kekahi o nā keʻena alakaʻi ma kahi keʻena noiʻi, i hana ʻia me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka automation o ke kaʻina noiʻi ʻepekema.
A no laila, 30 mau makahiki i hala, i kēia manawa i ka makahiki 1987, kākau ʻo Andrew Tanenbaum i ka Unix-compatible Minix operating system ma ke ʻano he puke no kāna puke "Operating Systems: Design and Implementation" (1987, ISBN 0-13-637406-9) . Ua pa'i 'ia ma ka puke he 12000 laina o ke code kumu, i kākau mua 'ia ma ka 'ōlelo papahana C, o ka Minix kernel, subsystem ho'omana'o ho'omana'o, a me ka waihona. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Andrew Tanenbaum i ka Minix OS no nā kamepiula IBM PC a me IBM PC/AT i loaʻa i kēlā manawa. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nā kamepiula pilikino i kūpono me IBM PC i ko mākou ʻāina a ʻo ES-1845 hoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka mea ma hope, ua holo maikaʻi ʻo Minix OS.
I ka makahiki 1987 like, ua hoʻomaka wau e kākau i ke kolamu "ENGINEER AND COMPUTER" ma ka puke "Technology and Science". ʻO ka paʻi mua ʻana ma kēia ʻāpana he ʻatikala ma ka helu 7 o ka makasina i kapa ʻia "" A ʻōlelo kēia ʻatikala he ʻōnaehana hana ia e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻololi i "ʻoe" mai kahi kamepiula.
Akā ma ka pukana aʻe o ka makasina ua paʻi ʻia kahi ʻatikala me ke poʻo inoa "Introduction to the UNIX operating system":
I loko o kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ʻAmelika i ka Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a ua hoʻomohala ka USSR i ka papahana Anti-SDI.
Kū hoʻohālike
Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kēia papahana, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i kahi simulation modeling stand (SIM) a me kahi ʻōnaehana noiʻi kōkua kamepiula (CADR), e ʻae ʻia ʻaʻole e hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena o ka hoʻokō ʻana o SOI, akā e kau pū i mua. nā koi no nā ʻōnaehana e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau hopena. ʻO ke kumu ʻenehana o SIM/SAIPR ʻo ia ka ʻoihana kamepiula ikaika e hoʻopili ana i nā pūnaewele kamepiula kūloko o nā keʻena ʻepekema:
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka pūnaewele e hoʻokomo i nā kamepiula ES nui, ʻano ES-1066, a me nā kamepiula pilikino ma kahi o 200 mau ʻāpana. Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau kamepiula e hoʻokomo i nā ʻōnaehana hana UNIX-compatible MOS EC. A inā ʻaʻohe pilikia me nā mīkini nui a ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka OS MOS EC ma luna o lākou, a laila aia nā pilikia me ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma nā kamepiula e like me ES-1840, no ka mea ua koi ʻia kahi kīkī paʻakikī, a ua lohi ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka OS. A he mea paʻakikī loa ka lawe ʻana i nā kamepiula pilikino ponoʻī. Ua nele loa lakou. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma o ka Hoʻoholo o ke Kōmike Kūwaena o ka CPSU a me ka ʻAha Kuhina o ka USSR, i ʻae mua i kēia mau mea āpau me nā keʻena hoihoi, e like me ke Kōmike Hoʻolālā Mokuʻāina o ka USSR (i kēia manawa ka Federal Assembly of the Russian. Aia ka Federation ma kona hale), ke Kōmike Moku'āina o VTI (Ke Kōmike Moku'āina no ka Computer Engineering and Informatics, USSR State Committee on computer technology, i hoʻokumuʻia maʻApelila 1986) a me kekahi mau mea'ē aʻe.
Ua hana ʻia kahi hanana ʻakaʻaka i ka ʻae ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā no ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lako kamepiula i ka hui VTI.
Ua hele mai lākou no ʻoe
Ua hōʻea mākou ʻekolu i laila - ʻo wau me ke kūlana o ka mea nui, me nā kāmaʻa chrome, me kahi pū i loko o kahi puʻu ma koʻu kāʻei, a me kahi pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma koʻu mau lima. ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole ia he pahu nuklea, aia i loko o kahi kikoʻī o ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo o ka ʻaha kūkā o nā Kuhina o ka USSR No. ke poo o ka institute, Lutanela Generala Volkov L.I.) Major General Bordyukov M .M. a o ke Konela maoli Boyarsky A.G. I ko mākou piʻi ʻana i ka lumi hoʻokipa o ka Luna Hoʻomalu, ua ʻike ʻia mākou e nā mea ʻelua - he kākau ʻōlelo ʻōniʻoniʻo maikaʻi loa a me nā pahu PC Olivetty i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i ka haunaele ma ka wahi hoʻokipa. He moeʻuhane hihiu ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kamepiula like ʻole ma ke kula.
I ko makou ninau ina paha e hiki i ka Lunahoomalu, ua pane mai ke kakauolelo aole oia i hiki mai i keia manawa, aka e hoea mai oia i kekahi minute a e kali. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hiki mai ka Lunahoomalu a me kona kokoolua. I ka ninau hamau a ka Lunahoomalu, ua pane io mai ke kakauolelo: - "Aia iā ʻoe!". Hele mālie ʻo ia i ke keʻena, hahai mākou iā ia.
A i kona ʻike ʻana i ka mea a mākou i hele mai ai, loaʻa iā mākou kona inoa ʻae ʻole me ka nīnau ʻole. I kēlā manawa, he mau lako nui kēia - he kakini a me ka hapa kamepiula nui, a hiki i ka ES-1066, a ma kahi o 200 ES-1841/45 PC, kokoke i ka hana makahiki holoʻokoʻa o nā kamepiula ma USSR. A pono wau e ʻōlelo, ʻoiai me ka lohi, ua loaʻa iā mākou kēia mau kamepiula:
E hele aku!
Akā, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona. He mea pono e kiʻi i kahi visa mai ka Hope Luna Hoʻolaha o ka USSR Armed Forces.
Ua paʻa kēia kūlana i kēlā manawa e Lieutenant General Kirill Nikolaevich Trofimov, he mea komo i ke Kaua Patriotic Nui, Hero of Socialist Labor. Ma kahi hālāwai me Trofimov K.N. Ua hōʻea au, e like me nā manawa a pau, me ka "duty" general. Trofimov K.N. kono iaʻu i ka papaʻaina a ua kūkākūkā mākou no ka manawa lōʻihi i nā pilikia o ka automation, e hoʻolako ana i nā keʻena o ka Moscow Region me nā lako kamepiula. ʻO ka nīnau nui ke kumu e loaʻa ai nā makemake no ʻoe. Akā i ka hopena, ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "E hāʻawi mai iaʻu i kāu mau pepa, e kau inoa wau." Akā i koʻu hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā lākou, ua lohe ʻia ka leo o ka "duty" general (ʻaʻole wau e hāʻawi i kona inoa hope): "No ke aha ʻoe i maopopo ʻole ai i ke ʻano piha o ...". A ua haʻi ʻia kēia iā K.N. Trofimov... Ua ʻeha wau. A no ke kumu maikaʻi. General Trofimov K.N. Kū mālie, lawe i ka waihona me kā mākou mau pepa a hoʻolei aku i ka puka: "E haʻalele ʻoe!" Akā maikaʻi nā mea a pau e hoʻopau maikaʻi. Ua hele hou mai au e ike iaia, ua kala mai, a ua loaa ka visa. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua make kēia pūkaua i mahalo nui ʻia i ka lā 19 ʻOkakopa, 1987 i kahi ulia mokulele ma kahi helikopter Mi-8 ma Hungary.
ʻO ka luna mua o ke Komisina ʻOihana Moku'āina o Rusia / FSTEC o Rusia
I ka manawa like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hoʻolālā no ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lako kamepiula, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ʻae ʻana o nā kikoʻī ʻenehana no ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka hana ʻana o SIM / CAIPR. Ua koho ʻia ka Institute of Technical Cybernetics o ka Academy of Science o ka BSSR, ka luna hoʻomalu ʻo Semenkov O.I. Ma ke ala, i kekahi manawa ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka Institute of Cybernetics o ka Ukrainian SSR Academy of Science. Akā ua hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i ka ITK o ka BSSR Academy of Science. A i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1986, ua mākaukau nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī; ʻo ka mea i koe wale nō ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi visa mai ka Hope Hope Alihikaua Nui, Konela-General Yu.A. Yashin, a apono ʻia mai ka Pelekikena o ka Academy of ʻEpekema o ka BSSR, Academician o ka USSR Academy of Sciences N.A. Borisevich. a me ka Luna Nui. Ma hope o kēlā, e ʻōwili i kou mau lima a hoʻopau i ka hana i hāʻawi ʻia. A ma ka waena o Kekemapa ua ʻike au ua hōʻea ʻo General Yu.A. Yashin i ke kula. Lawe wau i ka ʻeke me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī a holo wikiwiki i lalo o nā alapiʻi ʻaoʻao i ka wahi hoʻokipa o ke poʻo o ke kula. A ma nā alapiʻi e hālāwai au me ke poʻo o ka institute a me General Yashin Yu.A. Me ke kanalua ole, noi au ia Yu.A. Yashin no ka ae. e hoʻopili i ke poʻo o ke kula. Ua haohao ia, aka, ua ae. Ua hōʻike au i ke poʻo o ke kula ua pau kā mākou manawa a pono e kiʻi i kahi visa mai Yu.A. Yashin. Aia hoʻi, ua loaʻa kēia visa ma laila ma ke alapiʻi.
I Ianuali 1992, ʻo Yashin Yu.A. lilo i Luna Hoomalu, a ma Ianuali 18, 1993 ua kohoia oia i Lunahoomalu o ke Komisina o ka Mokuaina i hooponopono hou ia ma lalo o ka Peresidena o ka Russian Federation, ke kuleana a me ke kūlana o ka mea i mahuahua nui (ua like ka Lunahoomalu o ke Komisina me ke Kuhina). Mai kahi pūʻali koa koʻikoʻi, ua lilo ka State Technical Commission i keʻena federal i kuleana no ka palekana ʻike. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka State Technical Commission o Russia i Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC o Russia). A ma ka lā 4 o Pepeluali, 2002, ua hāʻawi ʻia kāu kauā haʻahaʻa i kahi wati pilikino o ka Luna Hoʻomalu o ka State Technical Commission o Rusia ma lalo o ka Pelekikena o ka Russian Federation.
ʻAʻohe puka makani a me nā puka
ʻO nā mea a pau i koe,ʻo ia ka hana hope loa - e'āpono i ka Pelekikena o ka Academy of Sciences o ka BSSR, Academician o ka Academy of Sciences o ka USSR N.A. Borisevich. A ʻehā lā ma mua o ka New Year 1987, ma ka ʻaelike me ka luna o ka ITK o ka Academy of Science o ka BSSR, Semenkov O.I. Ke hele mai nei au i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Hero City Minsk. Ke hui nei au me O.I. Semenkov. a e ʻoluʻolu e wehewehe i ka wā e hele ai mākou i ka Pelekikena o ka Academy of Sciences o ka BSSR. A laila hoʻomaka nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻōlelo lākou ua paʻahana ʻo ia, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e mālama iā ia i nā uluna caramel mai ka ʻai a ke alakaʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a i ke awakea haʻi koke lākou makemake lākou e wehe a hoʻololi i kēia a i kēlā wahi o ka. ʻike loea. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ua ʻōlelo koke lākou ʻaʻole makemake lākou e hoʻohana i kahi Unix-compatible OS. Ua maopopo iaʻu he pono iaʻu e hoʻi i Moscow. A ua hana au. A i koʻu hele ʻana i ka hana i ka lā aʻe, ua kāhea mua lākou mai Minsk, noi mai iaʻu e hele mai e kau inoa i nā huaʻōlelo. I ke ahiahi aia wau ma ke kaʻaahi. Ma luna o ke kahua, ua hālāwai ka luna hoʻokele iaʻu ma ka Volga a hele koke mākou e ʻike i ka Pelekikena.
Komo makou iloko o ke keena o ka Peresidena, noho iho la ma ka papaaina, a nana aku au i hope i ka puka a makou i komo aku ai, aole malaila: aia na papa me na buke a puni.
Ua maopopo iaʻu hiki iaʻu ke haʻalele ma ʻaneʻi me kahi kikoʻī ʻenehana i ʻāpono ʻia. Ua kamaʻilio mākou no hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa, e kūkākūkā ana i nā manaʻo o ka ʻenehana lolouila kūloko (a i ʻole e like me ke ʻano o kēia manawa ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai), a laila me nā kikoʻī loea i kau inoa ʻia ua hele au i ke kahua. Hoʻolauleʻa au i ka makahiki hou ma ka home.
Hoʻoholo nā limahana i nā mea a pau
A no laila, no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā limahana, e aʻo i kēia mau limahana e hana ma nā ʻōnaehana Unix (a me nā mea a pau ma mua o ka hana ʻana ma ka EU OS), e aʻo i ka ʻōlelo C (a me nā mea a pau ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā PL/1, Fortran, Pascal), a Unix -e like me ka ʻōnaehana hana i makemake koke ʻia. A hāʻawi mai ʻo Andrew Tanenbaum iā mākou. A ʻo kēia mau mea a pau, e like me ka moʻolelo moʻolelo, ua hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1987, a ua hana ʻo ia no EU-1840!
Akā, pono mākou e hoʻohui i kekahi mea, e hoʻololi i kekahi mea i loko. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa mai kahi paʻa paʻa, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka alphabet Cyrillic, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa mai ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻohana maʻamau, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi mea hoʻohana e nānā like me nā hiki i ka ʻōnaehana. ma MS-DOS, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina pakele.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻokele no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma o nā awa COM ma waena o nā PC me Minix/MINOS.
Ma 1991, ma ka All-Union Scientific and Practical Conference ma Gomel, ua hana ʻia kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka "Mobile instrumental operating system MINOS":
ʻO Orlov V.N., Moscow
Pūnaehana hoʻohana mea hoʻohana kelepona MINOS
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana MINOS kahi ʻōnaehana UNIX-class i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke kumu o ka mana 7. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana i manaʻo nui ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kulanui e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā polokalamu polokalamu i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana polokalamu paʻakikī.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana:
- Ka hana ma ka EC 184x PC (me ka EC 1840 PC me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi pahu paʻakikī), PC AT-286, PC AT 386 a me nā PC kūpono;
- Ke hana nei ka ʻōnaehana ma nā hoʻopāpā mua a me nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe;
- ʻO ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana me nā diski floppy o 360 KB, 720 KB a me 1.2 MB;
- Ka hana ʻana i nā kī hana ma ka pae kernel ʻōnaehana, e hoʻolako iā lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa, me ka nānā ʻole i nā kaʻina hana e holo nei i loko o ka ʻōnaehana;
- Inā makemake ʻia, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka kernel i nā kī hana;
- Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho hou i nā kī hana;
- Ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka mīkini Rendezvous i ka ʻōnaehana;
- Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, ma waho aʻe o ka unuhi ʻōlelo kauoha shell, o kahi mea hoʻohana e nānā e like me ka hiki i ka ʻōnaehana NORTON ma MS-DOS;
- Loaʻa i kahi papa kuhikuhi kauoha i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana.
Hoʻokomo ka ʻōnaehana ma mua o 70 mau kauoha, me nā kikokikona a me nā hoʻoponopono hexadecimal, nā kauoha no ka hana ʻana me ka ʻōnaehana faila MS-DOS, kahi waihona tar e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i nā faila me nā ʻōnaehana UNIX-type ʻē aʻe, kahi mea hoʻoponopono kikokikona, etc.
Loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana C complators, Assembler, a me ka pūʻolo TWINDOW.
ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana he 90 KB, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana ma kahi o 20000 mau ʻōlelo ma C a me nā ʻōlelo Assembly.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ma nā diski floppy 5 o 360 KB, a i ʻole ma nā diski floppy 2 o 360 KB a me 2 disks floppy o 729 KB, a i ʻole ma nā diski floppy 2 o 360 KB a me 1 disk floppy o 1.2 MB.
Hāʻawi kaʻawale ʻia nā code kumu ʻōnaehana. ʻO kā lākou leo he 10 floppy disks o 360 KB kēlā me kēia.
Ma ʻAukake 25, 1991, ʻelima mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hana ma kāna papahana, ua kamaʻilio ʻo Linus Torvalds, 21 makahiki (a laila he haumāna) e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i kahi prototype o kahi OS hou loa i kapa ʻia ʻo Linux, a ma Kepakemapa 17, 1991, ka mua. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lehulehu o ka Linux kernel.
A no laila, i ka makahiki 1991 ua loaʻa iā mākou Minix OS, Linux OS a me MINOS OS. I ka manawa like, ua hilinaʻi nā mea hope ʻelua i ka ʻike o Minix.
Ma ka manawa like, ua hōʻole ʻo Andrew Tanenbaum mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā manaʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka Minix a i ʻole e ʻae i nā pā i hele mai mai ka poʻe heluhelu o kāna puke. ʻO kēia paha ke kumu i alakaʻi ai ʻo Torvalds 'Linux. Ua lawe ʻo Linux i ka hana o kahi papahana e ʻike ai ka poʻe heluhelu a Andrew Tanenbaum i ko lākou makemake e hoʻomohala i nā ʻōnaehana hana, a ua pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia mai ia mea.
Pehea e pili ana iā OS MINOS? ʻO 1991 ka makahiki hope o ka Soviet Union. Ke hāʻule nei ka ʻāina, hāʻule ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻAʻohe manawa no nā ʻōnaehana hana ma aneʻi.
Noho ke gula i ka honua
Pehea e pili ana i ke kū hoʻohālikelike, ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolālā noiʻi kōkua kamepiula, a me kāna pūnaewele kamepiula?
Ua pau me ke kaumaha. Ua kahe ka lolouila i ka ʻāina. No ka loaʻa iā lākou, pono ʻoe i ke kālā a me ke kālā wale nō. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hāʻawi i nā lako kamepiula āpau o ka moʻo EU no ka hana hou ʻana no ke gula, a hoʻohana i nā mea i loaʻa no ka lako hou. Ua loaʻa nā ʻae a pau, ua wehe ʻia ka paka mīkini a hāʻawi ʻia, akā ʻaʻole i hiki mai nā kamepiula hou. Inā ʻokoʻa nā mea a pau, ʻo wai ka mea ʻike i hea ʻo MINOS i kēia manawa!
Akā ʻo ka poʻe nāna i hana iā SIM/CAIPR ua loaʻa ka ʻike a me ka ʻike. Ua kōkua lāua ʻelua iā lāua e ola i nā makahiki 90 paʻakikī.
A ke holomua nei ʻo Torvalds 'Linux, e lanakila ana i nā wahi hou aʻe. I kēia manawa ʻo nā ʻōpala / clones o Linux e "holo ana mai Moscow a i waho." Ke ulu maikaʻi nei ʻo Andrew Tanenbaum's Minix, a me kāna mau puke .
Aia ʻo Andrew Tanenbaum i waena o nā luminaries IT e like me Denis Ricci, Brian Carnigan, Ken Thompson me ka ʻōnaehana hana Unix, ʻo Ken Thompson lāua ʻo Dennis Ritchie me ka ʻōlelo C, ʻo Elgar Codd me ke kumu hoʻohālike pili, Linus Torvalds me ka ʻōnaehana Linux.
A ʻo wai ka mea ʻike i nā mea a Torvalds e ulu aʻe i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā puke a Andrew Tanenbaum a me kāna puke aʻo Minix!!!
Source: www.habr.com