Aloha Habr.
ʻO kēia ka 21st century, a me he mea lā hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ke ʻano HD a hiki i Mars. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā mea hoihoi e hana ana ma ka lekiō a hiki ke lohe ʻia nā hōʻailona hoihoi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono ke noʻonoʻo iā lākou āpau; e hoʻāʻo e koho i nā mea hoihoi loa, nā mea hiki ke loaʻa a hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamepiula. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona e hoʻohana mākou i kahi mea hoʻokipa pūnaewele Dutch , MultiPSK decoder a me Virtual Audio Cable polokalamu.
No ka maʻalahi o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, e hōʻike mākou i nā hōʻailona i ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana. ʻAʻole wau e noʻonoʻo i nā keʻena hoʻolaha, ʻoluʻolu a palaka; hiki i kekahi ke hoʻolohe i ka Radio China ma AM iā lākou iho. A e neʻe mākou i nā hōʻailona hoihoi.
Nā hōʻailona manawa pololei
Ma ke alapine o 77.5 KHz (nā nalu lōʻihi), hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona manawa pololei mai ke kikowaena Kelemania DCF77. Aia ma luna o lākou , no laila hiki iā mākou ke haʻi hou aku he hōʻailona modulation amplitude maʻalahi kēia i ka hoʻolālā - "1" a me "0" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lōʻihi like ʻole, no laila, loaʻa kahi code 58-bit i hoʻokahi minuke.
130-140KHz - telemetry o nā pūnaewele uila
Ma keia mau alapine, e like me , hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona hoʻomalu no nā pūnaewele mana o Kelemania.
He ikaika loa ka hōʻailona, a e like me nā loiloi, loaʻa iā ia ma Australia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia ma MultiPSK inā hoʻonohonoho ʻoe i nā ʻāpana e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi.
Ma ka hopena e loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻeke data, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ko lākou ʻano; hiki i ka poʻe makemake ke hoʻokolohua a hana i ka loiloi i ko lākou wā leʻaleʻa. ʻO ka ʻenehana, he maʻalahi loa ka hōʻailona, ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) a ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi kaʻina liʻiliʻi ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke alapine o ka hoʻouna ʻana. ʻO ka hōʻailona like, ma ke ʻano o kahi spectrum - hiki ke helu lima ʻia nā bits.
ʻO ke ʻano ʻano lewa
Ma ka spectrum ma luna, kokoke loa, ma ke alapine o 147 kHz, ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia kahi keʻena DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) e hāʻawi ana i nā hōʻike o ka wā no nā moku. Ma kahi o kēia alapine, hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona ma 11039 a me 14467 KHz.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena decoding ma ke kiʻi.
ʻO ka loina hoʻopaʻa ʻōlelo teletype ka like, FSK, ʻo ka hoihoi ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka hoʻopili kikokikona. He 5-bit, me ka hoʻohana , a ua aneane 100 makahiki o ka mōʻaukala.
Me he mea lā ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi code like ma nā lipine pepa i kuʻi ʻia, akā ua hoʻouna ʻia nā teletypes weather ma kekahi wahi mai ka makahiki 60, a e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ke hana nei lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ka moku maoli ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hōʻailona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamepiula - aia nā mea hoʻokipa kūikawā e hoʻopaʻa i ka hōʻailona a hōʻike iā ia ma ka pale.
Ma ka laulā, ʻoiai me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kamaʻilio satellite a me ka Pūnaewele, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma kēia ala he mea maʻalahi, hilinaʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi. ʻOiai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i kekahi lā e lilo kēia mau ʻōnaehana i ka mōʻaukala a e pani ʻia e nā lawelawe kikohoʻe holoʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopaneʻe nui ka poʻe e makemake ana e loaʻa ia hōʻailona.
Meteofax
ʻO kekahi hōʻailona hoʻoilina me kahi moʻolelo lōʻihi like. Ma kēia hōʻailona, hoʻouna ʻia ke kiʻi i ʻano hoʻohālikelike i ka wikiwiki o 120 laina i kēlā me kēia minuke (he mau waiwai ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana 60 a i ʻole 240 LPM), hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke alapine no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻōlinolino - ua kūlike ka ʻōlinolino o kēlā me kēia kiʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke alapine. ʻO ia ʻano hana maʻalahi i hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i nā kiʻi i kēlā mau lā i lohe ʻia ka poʻe liʻiliʻi i nā "hōʻailona digital".
ʻO ka mea kaulana ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a maʻalahi hoʻi e loaʻa ʻo ia ke kikowaena Kelemania i ʻōlelo ʻia DWD (Deutche Wetterdienst), e hoʻouna ana i nā leka ma nā alapine 3855, 7880 a me 13882 KHz. ʻO kekahi hui i maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā fax ʻo ia ka British Joint Operational Meteorology and Oceanography Center, hoʻouna lākou i nā hōʻailona ma nā alapine 2618, 4610, 6834, 8040, 11086, 12390 a me 18261 KHz.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona HF Fax, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka mode receiver USB, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo MultiPSK no ka decoding. Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka loaʻa ʻana ma o ka mea hoʻokipa websdr ma ke kiʻi:
Ua kiʻi ʻia kēia kiʻi i ke kākau ʻana i ke kikokikona. Ma ke ala, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua neʻe nā laina kuʻekuʻe - he analog ka protocol, a he mea koʻikoʻi ka pololei o ka synchronization ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻololi i nā kiʻi. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi mea hoʻokipa "ʻoiaʻiʻo", ʻaʻole e loaʻa kēia hopena.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, e like me ke ʻano o ka teletype weather, ʻaʻohe mea ma nā moku e hoʻokaʻawale i nā fax me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kamepiula - aia nā mea hoʻokipa kūikawā (kiʻi kiʻi mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻatikala) e hana maʻalahi i nā hana āpau.
STANAG 4285
E noʻonoʻo kākou i kahi kūlana hou hou no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma nā nalu pōkole - ka modem Stanag 4285. Ua kūkulu ʻia kēia ʻano no NATO, a aia ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ka modulation phase, hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana hōʻailona, e like me ka ʻike ʻia mai ka papaʻaina, hiki ke piʻi ka wikiwiki mai 75 a 2400 bit / s. ʻAʻole like paha kēia, akā no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka medium transmission - nā nalu pōkole, me ko lākou mae a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, he hopena maikaʻi loa kēia.
Hiki i ka polokalamu MultiPSK ke hoʻokaʻawale iā STANAG, akā i ka 95% o nā hihia he "ʻōpala" wale nō ka hopena o ka decoding - ʻo ke ʻano ponoʻī e hāʻawi wale i kahi protocol bitwise haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻikepili ponoʻī a loaʻa iā ia kekahi ʻano ponoʻī. hōʻano. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona, no ka laʻana, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma lalo ma ke alapine o 8453 KHz. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi hōʻailona ma o ka mea hoʻokipa websdr; ʻoiai, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka pūnaewele ke hōʻino mau nei i ka hoʻolālā ʻikepili. Hiki i ka poʻe hoihoi ke hoʻoiho i ka faila mai ka mea hoʻokipa maoli me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loulou . Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena decoding MultiPSK ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka wikiwiki o kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana he 600bps, ʻike ʻia kahi faila kikokikona i hoʻouna ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻike.
He mea hoihoi ia, e like me kāu e ʻike ai ma ka panorama, he nui maoli nā hōʻailona ma ka lewa:
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pili lākou āpau iā STANAG - aia kekahi mau protocol e pili ana i nā loina like. No ka laʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i ka loiloi o ka hōʻailona .
E like me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i kūkākūkā ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana kūikawā no ka hoʻokipa maoli a me ka lawe ʻana. No ka laʻana, no ka modem i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ʻO ka wikiwiki i haʻi ʻia mai 75 a 9600bps me kahi bandwidth hōʻailona o 3KHz.
ʻO ka wikiwiki o 9600, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha loa, akā e noʻonoʻo ana e hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona mai ka ululāʻau a i ʻole mai kahi moku i ka moana, a me ka uku ʻole ʻana i kekahi mea no ke kaʻa ʻana i ka mea kelepona, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa kēia.
Ma ke ala, e nānā pono kākou i ka panorama ma luna. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, ʻike mākou ... ʻo ia, ka code Morse kahiko maikaʻi. No laila, e neʻe kākou i ka hōʻailona aʻe.
Code Morse (CW)
Ma ke alapine o 8423 KHz lohe pono mākou i kēia. Ua aneane nalowale ke akamai o ka lohe Morse code, no laila e hoʻohana mākou i ka MultiPSK (eia naʻe, hoʻokaʻawale ia no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka papahana CW Skimmer).
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻōlelo hou DE SVO, inā manaʻoʻiʻo ʻoe , Aia ke kahua ma Helene.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, he liʻiliʻi a mamao loa ia mau hōʻailona, akā mau lākou. No ka laʻana, hiki iā mākou ke kuhikuhi i kahi kikowaena lōʻihi ma 4331 KHz, e hoʻouna ana i nā hōʻailona hou "VVV DE E4X4XZ". E like me kā Google e ʻōlelo ai, aia ke kahua no ka ʻIseraʻela Navy. Aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻouna ʻia ana ma kēia alapine? ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka pane; hiki i ka poʻe hoihoi ke hoʻolohe a nānā iā lākou iho.
Ka Buzzer (UVB-76)
Hoʻopau kā mākou pāʻani pāʻani me ka hōʻailona kaulana loa - kaulana ma Rūsia a ma waho, kahi hōʻailona ma ke alapine o 4625 KHz.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hōʻailona no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā pūʻali koa, a aia nā beeps hou, ma waena o nā huaʻōlelo code mai ka codepad e hoʻouna ʻia i kekahi manawa (nā huaʻōlelo pōkole e like me "CROLIST" a i ʻole "BRAMIRKA"). Ke kākau nei kekahi ua ʻike lākou i kēlā mau mea hoʻokipa ma nā keʻena hoʻopaʻa inoa koa a me nā keʻena hoʻopaʻa inoa, ʻōlelo kekahi he ʻāpana kēia o ka ʻōnaehana "lima make", ma ke ʻano nui, ʻo ka hōʻailona he Mecca no nā mea aloha iā Stalker, nā manaʻo kipi, ka Cold War a pēlā aku. . Hiki i ka poʻe hoihoi ke paʻi i ka "UVB-76" i ka ʻimi, a maopopo iaʻu ua paʻa ka heluhelu leʻaleʻa no ke ahiahi (akā naʻe, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i nā mea a pau i kākau ʻia). I ka manawa like, he mea hoihoi loa ka ʻōnaehana, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa no ka mea e hana mau ana ia mai ka Cold War, ʻoiai he paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo inā pono kekahi i kēia manawa.
Ka pauʻana
ʻAʻole piha kēia papa inoa. Me ke kōkua o ka lekiō, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe (a i ʻole e ʻike) i nā hōʻailona kamaʻilio me nā submarines, nā radar over-the-horizon, hoʻololi wikiwiki i nā hōʻailona lele pinepine, a ʻoi aku.
Eia kekahi laʻana, eia ke kiʻi i lawe ʻia i kēia manawa ma ke alapine o 8 MHz; ma luna o laila hiki iā ʻoe ke helu i nā hōʻailona 5 o nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou, ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā mea āpau ma nā kumu ākea (ʻoiai aia nā pūnaewele e like me и ). ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ia mau hōʻailona he mea hoihoi loa ia mai ka manaʻo o ka makemakika, ka papahana a me DSP, a ma ke ʻano he ala e aʻo ai i kahi mea hou e pili ana i ka honua a puni mākou.
He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Pūnaewele a me nā kamaʻilio, ʻaʻole nalo wale ka lekiō, akā ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana paha - ka hiki ke hoʻouna pololei i ka ʻikepili mai ka mea hoʻouna i ka mea i loaʻa, me ka ʻole o ka censorship, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaʻa a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka packet. hiki ke lilo (ʻoiai e manaʻolana kākou ʻaʻole e lilo) pili hou...
Source: www.habr.com