Aloha Habr.
В Ua wehewehe ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona hiki ke loaʻa ma nā nalu lōʻihi a pōkole. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hoihoi o ka hui VHF, kahi āu e ʻike ai i kahi mea hoihoi.
E like me ka ʻāpana mua, e noʻonoʻo mākou i kēlā mau hōʻailona hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamepiula. No ka poʻe hoihoi i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, aia ka hoʻomau ma lalo o ka ʻoki.
Ma ka hapa mua ua hoʻohana mākou i ka Dutch no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā nalu lōʻihi a pōkole. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻohe lawelawe like ma VHF - ʻoi aku ka laulā o ke alapine. No laila, ʻo ka poʻe makemake e hana hou i nā hoʻokolohua i wehewehe ʻia ma lalo nei e loaʻa i kā lākou mea hoʻokipa; hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa. , hiki ke kūʻai ʻia no $30. Hoʻopili kēia mea hoʻokipa i ka laulā a hiki i 1.7 GHz, loaʻa nā hōʻailona a pau ma lalo nei.
No laila e hoʻomaka kākou. E like me ka hapa mua, e noʻonoʻo mākou i nā hōʻailona i ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana.
ʻO nā lekiō FM
ʻAʻole paha e kāhāhā ka lekiō FM iā ia iho, akā makemake mākou iā RDS. ʻO ka hele ʻana o RDS (Radio Data System) e hōʻoia i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili kikohoʻe "i loko" o ka hōʻailona FM. ʻO ka spectrum o kahi hōʻailona kikowaena FM ma hope o ka demodulation e like me kēia:
Aia ka leo pailaka ma ke alapine o 19KHz, a ua hoʻouna ʻia ka hōʻailona RDS ma kona alapine triple o 57KHz. Ma ka oscillogram, inā e hōʻike pū ʻoe i nā hōʻailona ʻelua, e like me kēia:
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka modulation phase, ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi hōʻailona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ke alapine o 1187.5 Hz (ma ke ala, ʻaʻole i koho ʻia ke alapine o 1187.5 Hz - ʻo ia ke alapine o ka leo pilote 19 KHz i māhele ʻia e 16). Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka bit-by-bit, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā paʻi ʻikepili, a he ʻano liʻiliʻi nā ʻano - ma kahi o ka kikokikona, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia nā alapine hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe o kahi lekiō, a i ke komo ʻana i kahi ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka mea hoʻokipa ke hoʻolohe i kahi alapine hou.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka ʻikepili RDS mai nā kikowaena kūloko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papahana . Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma o HDSDR inā koho ʻoe i ka modulation FM, ka laulā hōʻailona 120KHz a me ka bit rate 192KHz, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi.
A laila pono ʻoe e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka hōʻailona me ka Virtual Audio Cable mai HDSDR i RDS Spy (pono ʻoe e kuhikuhi i ka bitrate o 192KHz i nā hoʻonohonoho VAC). Inā hana pololei nā mea a pau, e ʻike mākou i nā ʻike āpau e pili ana iā RDS, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka lekiō hale maʻamau e hōʻike ʻia:
Ma kahi o FM, ma ke ala, hiki iā ʻoe ke decode DAB +, ua kamaʻilio wau e pili ana i kēlā . ʻAʻole ia e hana ma Rūsia, akā pili paha ia ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Laulā ea
ʻO ka mōʻaukala, hoʻohana ka mokulele i ka amplitude modulation (AM) a me kahi alapine o 118-137 MHz. ʻAʻole hoʻopili ʻia nā kamaʻilio ma waena o nā pailaka a me nā mea hoʻouna, a hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa iā lākou. Ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua "huki" ʻia nā lekiō Kina maʻamau no kēia - ua lawa ia e hoʻoneʻe i nā coils oscillator kūloko, a ua neʻe ka laulā, inā ʻoe laki, i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ka poʻe makemake i ka "archaeology digital" ke heluhelu i ke kūkākūkā no 2004. Ma hope mai, hui nā mea hana Kina i nā mea hoʻohana i ka hapalua a hoʻohui wale i ka hui Air i nā mea hoʻokipa (ma nā ʻōlelo i ka ʻāpana mua a lākou i ʻōlelo ai iā Tecsun PL-660 a i ʻole PL-680). Akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā (e like me ka AOR, nā mea hoʻokipa Icom) - loaʻa iā lākou ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka walaʻau (paʻa ke kani inā ʻaʻohe hōʻailona a ʻaʻohe hehi mau) a me ka wikiwiki o ke alapine. koho.
Ke hoʻohana nei kēlā me kēia mokulele nui i nā alapine liʻiliʻi, eia, no ka laʻana, nā alapine o Pulkovo Airport, i lawe ʻia mai ka pūnaewele radioscanner:
Ma ke ala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i nā hoʻolaha o nā kūkākūkā ʻana mai nā kūlanakauhale Lūkini like ʻole (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe) ma ka pūnaewele. .
ʻO ka protocol digital he mea hoihoi iā mākou i nā nalu. (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System). Hoʻouna ʻia kāna mau hōʻailona ma nā alapine 131.525 a me 131.725 MHz (European standard, nā alapine o nā wahi like ʻole. ). He mau leka uila kēia me ka bitrate o 2400 a i ʻole 1200bps; me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia ʻōnaehana, hiki i nā pailaka ke hoʻololi i nā memo me ka mea hoʻouna. No ka decode i MultiPSK, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i kahi hōʻailona ma ke ʻano AM (pono ʻoe i kahi mea hoʻokipa SDR, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka bandwidth hōʻailona ma mua o 5 KHz) a hoʻihoʻi i ke kani me ka Virtual Audio Card.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena ma ke kiʻi.
He maʻalahi ka hōʻailona hōʻailona ACARS a hiki ke nānā ʻia ma SA Free. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, wehe wale i kahi ʻāpana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a ʻike mākou i ka "i loko" o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana AM i loaʻa i ka modulation frequency.
A laila, ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea ʻike alapine i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i kahi kahawai liʻiliʻi. Ma ke ola maoli, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hana i kēia, no ka mea ... Ua kākau ʻia nā papahana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ACARS decoding i kahi manawa lōʻihi.
NOAA mau ukali
Ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā kūkākūkā o nā aviators, hiki iā ʻoe ke piʻi i luna aʻe - i ka lewa. Ma kahi mākou e hoihoi ai i nā satellite weather , и , e hoʻouna ana i nā kiʻi o ka ili o ka Honua ma nā alapine 137.620, 137.9125 a me 137.100 MHz. Hiki iā ʻoe ke decode i ka hōʻailona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu .
Me kēia paha ke kiʻi i loaʻa (kiʻi mai ka pūnaewele radioscanner):
ʻO ka mea pōʻino (ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopunipuni i nā kānāwai o ka physics, a he poepoe ka Honua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole manaʻoʻiʻo nā kānaka a pau), hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi hōʻailona satellite ke lele ʻo ia ma luna o mākou, a ʻaʻole loaʻa kēia mau mokulele i ka manawa kūpono a me ke kihi. ma luna o ka lewa. Ma mua, e ʻike i ka manawa, ka lā a me ka manawa o ka lele kokoke loa, pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo i ka papahana (kahi papahana lōʻihi i ola mai ka makahiki 2001), ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ma ka pūnaewele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loulou , и ʻo kēlā me kēia.
He leo nui ka hōʻailona satellite a hiki ke lohe ʻia mai nā antenna a me nā mea hoʻokipa. Akā no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kiʻi i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, makemake mau ʻia kahi antenna kūikawā a me ka ʻike maikaʻi o ka horizon. Hiki i ka poe hoihoi ke nana a heluhelu paha . ʻO wau iho, ʻaʻole wau i hoʻomanawanui e hoʻopau i ka hana, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Nā memo FLEX/POCSAG Paging
ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā e hana mau ana ka kamaʻilio paging no nā mea kūʻai aku ʻoihana ma Rūsia, akā ma ʻEulopa ke holo pono nei, hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea puhi ahi, nā mākaʻi a me nā lawelawe like ʻole.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona FLEX a me POCSAG me ka hoʻohana ʻana i HDSDR a me Virtual Audio Cable; hoʻohana ʻia ka papahana no ka decoding . Ua kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 2004, a ua pili ka interface, akā he mea kupanaha, hana maikaʻi loa ia.
Aia kekahi multimon-ng decoder e hana ana ma lalo o Linux, aia kona mau kumu . Aia kekahi ʻatikala ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka protocol transmission POCSAG; hiki i ka poʻe hoihoi ke heluhelu .
Nā kī kī/wiea hoʻololi
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke alapine, ma 433 MHz, aia kahi pūʻali holoʻokoʻa o nā mea like ʻole - nā hoʻololi uila a me nā kumu, nā bele puka, nā mea ʻike kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa, etc.
ʻO kēia nā mea hana Kina maʻalahi me ka modulation maʻalahi. ʻAʻohe hoʻopunipuni, a hoʻohana ʻia kahi code binary maʻalahi (OOK - on-off keying). Ua kūkākūkā ʻia ka decoding o ia mau hōʻailona ma . Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i ka decoder rtl_433 i mākaukau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoiho .
Ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka papahana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea like ʻole, a (inā aia kahi kaʻa kaʻa kokoke) e ʻike, no ka laʻana, ke kaomi ʻana o ke kaʻa o kahi hoalauna. He liʻiliʻi ka manaʻo kūpono i kēia, akā mai kahi hiʻohiʻona makemakika maʻemaʻe, he mea hoihoi loa ia - maʻalahi nā protocols o kēia mau hōʻailona e hoʻololi.
Ma ke ala, ka poʻe e kūʻai aku i ia mau mea hoʻololi kelepona pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole lākou i pale ʻia ma kekahi ʻano, a me ka manaʻo, ʻo kou hoa hacker, inā loaʻa iā ia kahi HackRF a i ʻole mea like, hiki ke hoʻopau hewa i ke kukui i loko o kou halepaku ma ka ka manawa kūpono ʻole a hana paha i kekahi mea like. ʻO wau iho, ʻaʻole oʻu pilikia, akā inā pili ka pilikia palekana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mea koʻikoʻi a me ka pipiʻi me nā kī piha a me ka hōʻoia (Z-Wave, Philips Hue, etc.).
TETRA
(Terrestrial Trunked Radio) he ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio lekiō ʻoihana ʻoihana me ka nui o nā mea hiki (nā kelepona hui, encryption, hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau pūnaewele, etc.). A ʻo kāna mau hōʻailona, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia, hiki ke loaʻa pū me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamepiula a me kahi mea hoʻokipa SDR.
Aia kahi decoder TETRA no Linux , akā ua mamao loa kona hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei ua hana ʻia kahi mea papahana Lūkini no SDR#. I kēia manawa hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kēia hana ma kahi o ʻelua kaomi; hiki i ka papahana ke hōʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻolohe i nā memo leo, hōʻiliʻili i nā helu, etc.
ʻAʻole hoʻokō ka plugin i nā hiʻohiʻona āpau o ka maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana nui.
Wahi a Wikipedia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Tetra i nā ambulances, nā mākaʻi, nā kaʻa kaʻaahi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi ke nānā iā lākou iho - hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi nā hōʻailona Tetra, a loaʻa ka laulā o 2018KHz, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka screenshot.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma ka pūnaewele (ʻo Tetra kahi hiʻohiʻona), ʻaʻole e hana ka plugin - ma kahi o ka haʻiʻōlelo aia wale nō ka "gurgling".
ADSB
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana i kahi kiʻekiʻe i ka alapine, hoʻouna ka 1.09GHz frequency i nā hōʻailona mai nā transponder mokulele, e ʻae ana i nā pūnaewele e like me FlightRadar24 e hōʻike i nā mokulele e hala ana. Ua kamaʻilio mua ʻia kēia protocol, no laila ʻaʻole wau e hana hou ma aneʻi (ua lōʻihi ka ʻatikala), hiki i ka poʻe makemake ke heluhelu. и ʻāpana.
hopena
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻoiai me kahi mea hoʻokipa $30 hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā mea hoihoi ma ka lewa. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu ʻaʻole i helu ʻia nā mea āpau ma aneʻi, a nalo paha wau i kekahi mea a ʻaʻole ʻike paha. Hiki i ka poʻe hoihoi ke hoʻāʻo iā lākou iho - he ala maikaʻi kēia e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ai i ka loina hana o kahi ʻōnaehana.
ʻAʻole wau i noʻonoʻo i nā kamaʻilio lekiō amateur, ʻoiai aia ʻo VHF, akā pili ka ʻatikala e pili ana i nā kamaʻilio lawelawe.
PS: No ka mea Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻohe mea huna maoli i hoʻouna ʻia ma luna o ka lewa no 50 mau makahiki paha, no laila mai kēia ʻano ʻike, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopau i ka manawa a me ke kālā. Akā mai ka manaʻo o ke aʻo ʻana i nā loina o ka kamaʻilio a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻenekinia like ʻole, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me ka hana maoli o nā pūnaewele maoli he mea hoihoi a ʻike.
Source: www.habr.com