ʻElua ala o ka luna o kahi hui hoʻomohala kālā e kūkulu i kahi hui. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ke kiʻi ʻana i nā "ʻelemakule" mākaukau a hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana hana e hoʻohana ai lākou i kā lākou mau mākaukau a me kā lākou ʻike i ka mea kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomohala a ma ka manawa like ʻole i nā hakakā. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hui mai ka hui ʻana o nā mea hou, waena a me nā mea maikaʻi, i kamaʻilio lākou, hoʻoikaika i kekahi i kekahi, aʻo a ulu i loko o ka hui. Kūʻē wau i ka pōʻai ʻino a la "ʻaʻohe ʻike - ʻaʻohe hana - ʻaʻohe ʻike" a ʻaʻole wau ʻike i kahi pilikia i ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i kahi mea hoʻomohala hoʻomaka. Loaʻa i ka Forward Telecom kahi papahana internship lōʻihi, a ua lilo ia i kumu kumu no ka nui o nā limahana o kēia manawa.
I kēia manawa e haʻi wau iā ʻoe pehea wau e ʻike ai i ke ala hoʻomohala o kahi mea hoʻomohala pili kālā, a ma ke ʻano he aha kāu e pono ai e haku i nā mākau ʻoihana.
1. E aʻo i ka ʻōlelo papahana
No ka hoʻomaka, ʻo kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka mea nui ʻo Java, Python a me JavaScript, akā ʻo Ruby, Go, C, C ++ kūpono no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike kumu. Pehea e aʻo ai? Lawe i nā papa uku a manuahi; Hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo i ke aʻo ʻana mai Golang. Inā ʻae kāu pae ʻōlelo Pelekania, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana i nā wikiō haole.
2. Hoʻomaopopo i nā manaʻo OS
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hana ma nā ʻāpana ʻehiku e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike a hiki iā ʻoe ke wehewehe i ke kumu o ka hana:
- Hooponopono kaʻina hana;
- Nā kaula a me nā code multithreaded;
- Socket (software interface);
- Ka hoʻouna ʻana o I/O;
- Virtualization;
- Waihona;
- Pūnaehana waihona.
Manaʻo wau e lawe i kahi papa hoʻokele Linux kumu. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hana ʻelua ma ka laina ʻo Windows a me Unix.
3. E maʻa i ka terminal
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike me ka phobia o kahi pepa blank, aia kahi phobia o kahi pale ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me ka pihi ʻālohilohi. Pono ʻoe e lanakila e aʻo pehea e kākau ai i nā kauoha maikaʻi ma ka laina kauoha.
Pono e ʻike:
- ʻO nā pūpū Bash a me KornShell;
- Loaʻa nā kauoha, grep, awk, sed, lsof;
- Nā kauoha pūnaewele nslookup a me netstat.
4. Pūnaewele a me ka palekana
Pili loa ka pili kālā i nā pono mālama pūnaewele a me ka ʻikepili. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kākau i nā lawelawe pūnaewele me ka ʻike ʻole i ka hana ʻana o ka pūnaewele, no laila pono ʻoe e aʻo i nā manaʻo kumu a me nā protocols: DNS, OSI model, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SSL, TLS. A laila, ke hālāwai ʻoe i kahi hewa Connection Refused, e ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hana ai.
5. Nā kikowaena
Ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana i nā loina o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike ma ka pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka i nā kumu kumu o ka hana kikowaena. E hoʻomaka me nā kikowaena pūnaewele: IIS, Apache, Nginx, Caddy a me Tomcat.
Aʻe ma ka papa inoa:
- Hoʻololi i ka mea koho;
- Mea koho inoa ʻole;
- Ke kāʻei ʻana;
- Kaulike hoʻouka;
- Pākuʻi ahi.
6. E aʻo i ka ʻōnaehana ma ke ʻano he code
Manaʻo wau ʻo kēia pae kekahi o nā mea nui loa. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ʻekolu mau kumuhana ākea:
- Nā waihona: Docker a me Kubernetes
- Nā mea hana hoʻokele hoʻonohonoho: Ansible, Chef, Salt and Puppet
- Backup: Terraform, ao.
7. E aʻo iā CI/CD
ʻO ke akamai ʻē aʻe no ka mea hoʻomohala pili kālā ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi paipu no ka hoʻohui mau ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana. Ma ka wahi CI / CD aia nā mea hana e like me Jenkins, TeamCity, Drone, Circle CI a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Spoiler: ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i ka Jenkins i hoʻohana nui ʻia e lawa i ka wā mua.
8. Ka hoʻomalu polokalamu a me ka ʻōnaehana
ʻO ka pahuhopu nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumu o ka nānā ʻana i ka noi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana ma kēia wahi i ʻekolu pūʻulu:
- Ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻoihana: Nagios, Icinga, Datadog, Zabbix, Monit.
- Ka nānā ʻana i ka hana noi: AppDynanic, New Relic.
- LMS: ELK Stack, Graylog, Splunk, Papertrail.
9. Nā lawelawe ao
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia polokalamu a i ʻole nā lako polokalamu i ke ao. Ma hope a ma hope paha, e hālāwai nā mea hoʻomohala i ke ao, no laila e heluhelu i nā mea hoʻolako kapuaʻi kaulana (AWS, Google Cloud, a me Azure) a me nā kumu o ka ʻenehana.
10. Ke hana nei me ka waihona
Hoʻohana nā papahana o kēia manawa i nā ʻikepili, a ʻo ka ʻike me DBMS a me SQL e maʻalahi ka hoʻomaka. E aʻo e kākau i nā nīnau SQL, e hoʻohana i ka wehewehe a aʻo i ka hana ʻana o ka index. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi ke hele i kahi papa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kāu mau palapala palapala Postgres a pāʻani me ka replication.
11. E hoʻomaikaʻi i kou akamai palupalu
He wahi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia ma waho o ka maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole i emi iki ka mea nui. E hoʻomaka, e hoʻomanawanui. Maʻa koke ʻoe i nā kūlana e like me "hoʻoponopono i kāu hao, he polokalamu ʻoe," akā pono ʻoe e mākaukau noʻonoʻo no nā lā palena no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā papahana hou. Inā ʻoe mai ka ʻole a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka papahana a manaʻo ʻia he Junior, e hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻohewa ʻana a aʻo e ʻae iā ia, ʻo ka loiloi code e ke kumu aʻoaʻo he hana ʻeha. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻo ke akamai koi ʻo ia ka hiki ke pale i ka manaʻo o kekahi a hoʻopaʻapaʻa maikaʻi; i kekahi manawa hānau ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa. ʻAʻole hoʻopau nā mea hoʻomohala i ke aʻo ʻana, ʻaʻohe kaupaku i ka ʻoihana, no laila ʻo ka hiki ke aʻo a me ka DESIRE e aʻo i nā mea hou ke kumu o kāu hoʻomohala ʻana.
Ua nīnau pinepine ʻia au i ka wā e hiki ai ka mea hoʻomaka i ka pae waena, a hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ia me ka haʻaheo ʻo "senior". Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka pae a i ka pae i ka helu o nā makahiki i hana ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo nā mākau hana ke kumu nui. ʻO ia nā mākau palupalu e hoʻoholo pinepine ai i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea hoʻomohala: hiki i kahi mea hoʻomaka i hoʻomaʻamaʻa a paʻakikī ke kākau i nā code kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻōlelo he nui a hiki ke hana i kahi hui i loko o kekahi mau mahina. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi mea hoʻomohala me 10 mau makahiki o ka ʻike ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia maʻamau, mālama i kahi hui, a loaʻa iā ia nā mākau ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi.
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o kaʻu ʻike ʻana i ke ala hoʻomohala o kahi mea hoʻomohala pili kālā, ʻo ia ke ʻano o kā mākou ulu ʻana i nā loea loea i kā mākou hui Forward Telecom. Me he mea lā ʻaʻohe mea e nalowale ana, akā mahalo mau wau no nā hoʻohui kōkua i ke kiko.
Source: www.habr.com