Ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i Disco Elysium, e hoʻi kākou i 100 makahiki. I nā makahiki 1910 a me 20, ua hōʻike ʻo Lev Kuleshov i ka hopena o ka hoʻoponopono kiʻiʻoniʻoni - ma muli o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā papa ʻelua i kau ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao, ʻike ʻia kahi manaʻo hou. Ua pana ʻo Kuleshov i kahi kokoke o ka maka o ka mea keaka, a laila 3 mau kiʻi: he kīʻaha sopa, kahi kaikamahine i loko o ka pahu a me kahi kaikamahine ma ka sofa.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia i ka lehulehu, ua loli pū ka ʻike. Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻike ua pōloli ke kāne (he kīʻaha sopa), ke kaumaha (he kaikamahine i loko o ka pahu pahu), a i ʻole ka pīhoihoi (he wahine). Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua like ka helehelena o ke kanaka i nā hihia āpau, ʻokoʻa wale ke kiʻi mua. ʻO kēia hopena noʻonoʻo, i kapa ʻia ka hopena Kuleshov, e hōʻike ana i ka hopena o ka ʻike i ka manaʻo i unuhi ʻia.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena Kuleshov i nā moʻolelo pāʻani branching a lawelawe i ʻelua kumu: ʻo ka mua, e hana i nā koho hoihoi, a ʻo ka lua, e kaupalena i ka pā.
Laʻana. E kumakaia ke kanaka i ka mea nui ma kekahi wahi o ka manao. Hiki i ka mea pāʻani ke hana i nā koho e pili ana i kona pilina me kēia ʻano:
- "Maikaʻi": kōkua ka mea pāʻani iā ia, a ʻoluʻolu ke ʻano. Ke kū mai ke kumakaia, lilo kēia ʻano i mea hoʻopunipuni.
- "ʻino". Hoʻopilikia ka mea pāʻani iā ia, a hoʻokaʻawale ke ʻano iā ia iho. Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ke ʻano ma kēia hihia? ʻO ia ka mea kumakaia i manaʻo ʻia.
No ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka manaʻo, ma ka hopena Kuleshov hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke koho a ka mea pāʻani ma ke ʻano he "pana" contextual (first "shot" = bowl of soup). ʻO ke kumakaia he "pana" i unuhi ʻia ma ka pōʻaiapili (ʻelua "pana" = maka o ke kanaka). Hāʻawi ʻia ka mea pāʻani i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hana ma ka mua, akā ʻaʻole ma ka lua. Kōkua kēia iā mākou e hoʻoholo i nā koho e hiki ai i ka mea pāʻani ke hana. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻohe koho e pepehi i ke kipi no ka mea ʻo ka "pana" ʻelua e koi iā ia e ola. Hoʻopili kēia i ka nui o ka mana o ka mea pāʻani i ka moʻolelo me ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i ka manawa e ʻimi ai i kā lākou moʻolelo ponoʻī.
I kēia manawa, e hoʻi kāua i Disco Elysium. He RPG kēia, no laila e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā ia nā helu helu. ʻAʻole kēia kāu mau helu D&D maʻamau e like me ka ikaika, ke akamai, ka charisma, etc. ʻO nā stats ma Disco Elysium he empathy, encyclopedia a me ka mana. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā helu a ka mea pāʻani e hoʻokomo i kēia mau mākau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano iā lākou, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena iā ia. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i pāʻani, e nīnau paha ʻoe, "Pehea e hoʻopilikia ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka mea pāʻani e ka empathy?" Pane: pili.
ʻO ka pilina nā laina kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā helu helu o kou ʻano. No ka laʻana, inā loaʻa ka manaʻo nui o kahi ʻano, a laila e puka mai ia i ka wā o ke kamaʻilio ʻana e like me: "Hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hōʻike ʻole, akā huhū ʻo ia i ke kupapaʻu ma hope." A laila, i ka wā e loaʻa ai i ka mea pāʻani nā koho kūkākūkā, loiloi ʻo ia iā lākou e pili ana i kēlā wikiwiki empathy. ʻO kekahi o nā manawa leʻaleʻa i ka pāʻani ke loaʻa ke hāʻawi ʻelua mau stats i nā koho like ʻole. No ka laʻana, inā haʻi ka empathy iā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu no ka mea aia kahi ʻano i ka ʻāʻī, a laila ʻōlelo ka mana e koi ikaika iā ia i kēia.
No ke aha i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka koho ma Disco Elysium ma mua o ka hiʻohiʻona kumakaia ma luna? I ka laʻana mua, ʻo ke koho a ka mea pāʻani e komo i kahi "pana" contextual. ʻO ke kumakaia hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia he "pana" i unuhi ʻia ma ka pōʻaiapili. Ma Disco Elysium, he pilina ka "pana" pōʻaiapili, no laila, hiki i kahi koho kūkākūkā ke lilo i "pana" i unuhi ʻia he "pana e hiki mai ana". ʻAʻole pili ʻia nā koho a ka mea pāʻani. Ke laina lalo: hana me ka pōʻaiapili i ka manaʻo.
ʻO nā pilina ka hopena Kuleshov ma ka pae micro. Loaʻa i nā koho kūkākūkā i loaʻa i ka mea pāʻani ko lākou pōʻaiapili ponoʻī, i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻano o ko lākou ʻano. ʻAʻole ʻike wale ka Kuleshov Effect i kēia manawa - hiki i ka mea pāʻani ke hana.
Source: www.habr.com