ʻO ka manawa hope mākou i loko o ka hale hana o nā mea optoelectronic. ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Optik o ITMO University - kāna mau hōʻikeʻike a me nā hoʻonohonoho - ke kumuhana o ka moʻolelo o kēia lā.
Nānā: nui nā kiʻi ma lalo o ka ʻoki.
ʻAʻole i kūkulu koke ʻia ka hale hōʻikeʻike
ʻo ia ka hale hōʻikeʻike pāʻani mua . ^ E Ha yM. Puka ‘o ia i loko o ka hale ma Vasilievsky Island, kahi i loaʻa mua ai ka State Optical Institute. Moolelo o ka hale hoikeike i ka makahiki 2007, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā hale ma ka laina Birzhevaya. Ua kū i nā limahana o ke kulanui i ka nīnau: he aha ka mea e waiho ai i loko o nā lumi ma nā papahele mua.
I ia manawa e ulu ana ke kuhikuhi edutainment и , he polopeka ma ka Faculty of Physics and Technology, ua manaʻo ʻo Rector Vladimir Vasiliev e hana i kahi hōʻike e hōʻike ana i nā keiki he mea hoihoi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua kōkua ka hale hōʻikeʻike i ke Kulanui e hoʻoholo i ka pilikia o ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana a huki i nā keiki kula i nā kumu kūikawā. I ka wā mua, mālama ʻia nā huakaʻi hui ma ke koho ʻana, no nā papa 8-11.
Ma hope mai, ua hoʻoholo ka hui hale hōʻikeʻike e hoʻonohonoho i kahi hōʻikeʻike ʻepekema kaulana kaulana, Magic of Light, no kēlā me kēia. Ua wehe mua ʻia ma 2015 ma kahi ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi tausani mau mika square. mika.
Hōʻikeʻike Hale Hōʻikeʻike: hoʻonaʻauao a me ka mōʻaukala
ʻO ka hapa mua o ka hōʻike e hoʻolauna i nā malihini i ka mōʻaukala optics a kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenehana holographic hou. ʻO Holograph kahi ʻenehana e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana hou i nā kiʻi ʻekolu o nā mea like ʻole. Ma ka hōʻikeʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻonaʻauao pōkole e haʻi ana i ke ʻano kino o ka hanana.
ʻO ka mea mua i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe malihini he ʻelua papa ma luna o nā mea hoʻohenehene o ke kaapuni hoʻopaʻa hologram. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona i koho ʻia he mea liʻiliʻi o ka monument iā Peter I ma luna o ka lio a me kahi pēpē matryoshka.
Me ka laser'ōmaʻomaʻo - maʻamau , me ke kōkua o nā kānaka ʻepekema i loaʻa ai ka hologram volumetric mua i ka makahiki 1962.
Me kahi laser ʻulaʻula - he kiʻi e ka ʻepekema Lūkini ʻo Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk. ʻAʻole koi ʻia kahi laser e nānā i kēlā mau hologram. ʻIke ʻia lākou i ke kukui keʻokeʻo maʻamau. ʻO kahi hapa nui o ka hōʻikeʻike i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka ʻāpana holographic. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, aia i loko o kēia hale ʻo Yu. N. Denisyuk i ʻike ai a hōʻuluʻulu i kāna hoʻonohonoho mua no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā holograms.
I kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻolālā Denisyuk a puni ka honua. Me kāna kōkua, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hologram analog i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai nā mea maoli - "optoclones". Ma ka hale mua o ka hale hōʻikeʻike he mau pahu me nā hua Easter kaulana o Carl Faberge a me nā waiwai o ka Diamond Fund.
I ke kiʻi: nā kope holographic "»,«"a me nā mea hoʻonani"»
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hoʻohālikelike, loaʻa i kā mākou hale hōʻikeʻike nā hologram digital. Hana ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu hoʻohālike 3D a me nā ʻenehana laser. Ma muli o nā kiʻi o kahi mea a i ʻole wikiō (hiki ke lawe ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā drones), ua kūkulu ʻia kāna kumu hoʻohālike ma ke kamepiula. A laila, hoʻololi ʻia i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike a hoʻololi ʻia i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer me ka laser.
Paʻi ʻia kēlā mau hologram me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoprinter kūikawā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lasers o nā kala uliuli, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo (he mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i kā lākou hana. ).
Ma waena o nā holograms digital o ka hale hōʻikeʻike i hana ʻia e ka hui o ke Kulanui, hiki i kekahi ke nānā i nā hiʻohiʻona o Alexander Nevsky Lavra a me ka Naval Cathedral ma Kronstadt.
Hiki mai nā hologram kikohoʻe ma nā ʻano ʻehā ʻehā—he ʻehā mau kiʻi like ʻole. Inā hele ʻoe a puni kēlā hologram, e hoʻomaka ana nā kiʻi e loli.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻike nui ʻia kēia ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā holograms ma muli o ke kumukūʻai o nā lako paʻi. ʻAʻohe mea paʻi holo holo ma Rusia, no laila, hōʻike ko mākou Hale Hōʻikeʻike i nā hologram i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika a me Latvia, no ka laʻana he palapala ʻāina o Mount Athos.
Ma ke kiʻi: Palapala ʻāina o ka mauna ʻo Athos
Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka lua o ka hale hōʻikeʻike no ka holographie. Hōʻike ʻia kona hiʻohiʻona ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.
Ma ke kiʻi: Hale me nā holograms
Hōʻike kēia lumi i kahi "kiʻi holographic" o Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā holograms nui loa ma ke aniani, a ʻo ia ke alakaʻi ma waena o nā holograms analog.
Aia pū kekahi me kahi kiʻi holographic o Yu.N. ʻO Denisyuk me kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i ke ola o kahi kanaka ʻepekema a me kāna ʻike. Aia kahi hologram me nā papa o ka pepa no ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni "I Am Legend".
Aia kēia lumi i nā hologram o nā mea mai nā hale hōʻikeʻike like ʻole a puni ka honua, no ka laʻana mai ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Ethnography o Rūsia.
Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Pushkin kahi kukui i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu aniani. ʻOiai he kukui wale nō kēia hōʻikeʻike i ka nānā mua ʻana. Aia i loko he impeller me nā lau keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele. Inā hoʻohuli ʻoe i ke kukui a hoʻomālamalama iā ia i ka impeller, e hoʻomaka ia e hoʻololi.
Ua kapa ʻia ka hōʻike ʻo Crookes Radiometer.
He ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele a māmā kēlā me kēia ʻehā. ʻO ka pōʻeleʻele - ʻoi aku ka wela ma mua o ka mālamalama (ma muli o nā ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka māmā). No laila, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā molekele kinoea i loko o ka ipu hao ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele o ka maka ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao māmā. Ma muli o kēia, loaʻa i ka pahi e kū pono ana i ke kumu kukui me ka ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele i ka manaʻo nui.
ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ke keʻena i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka mōʻaukala optics: ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kiʻi a me ka hana ʻana i nā aniani, ka mōʻaukala o ke ʻano o nā aniani a me nā kukui.
Ma nā kū, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nui o nā mea hana optical: microscopes, "", nā kāmeʻa kahiko a me nā aniani aniani. I ka wā o ka huakaʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka mōʻaukala o ke ʻano o nā aniani mua i hana ʻia me ka obsidian, keleawe a, hope, aniani. Hōʻike ka pahu hōʻike i kahi aniani convex Venetian maoli, i hana ʻia me ka ʻenehana XNUMXth-century. A he keleawe "māka aniani" (inā kuhikuhi ʻoe i ka lā, a me ka "bunny" i hōʻike ʻia ma ka paia keʻokeʻo, a laila e ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻi mai ke kua o ke aniani.
Aia i loko o ka lumi hoʻokahi kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā kamera. Hiki i ka hōʻikeʻike ke hahai i kā lākou ulu ʻana mai - ke kupuna o ke kāmela - a hiki i kēia lā.
Ma ke kiʻi: ʻOhi pahupaʻikiʻi
ʻO nā pahu hōʻikeʻike i mālama ʻia i nā kāmela me nā bellow pelui a me nā kope o ka Pontiac MFAP, i hana ʻia mai 1941 a i 1948, a me ka AGFA BILLY mai 1928. Ma waena o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ""ʻo ia ke kāmela nui Soviet mua loa, i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o nā hiʻohiʻona kūleʻa o Western. I ka USSR ua hana ia a hiki i 1941.
I loko o ke kiʻi: ʻO ka pahupaʻi paʻi "»
Inā hele ʻoe i ke keʻena aʻe o ka hale hōʻikeʻike, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kukui monumental a me ke ʻano mele. ʻO ka "mea hana" he 144 mau aniani optical kūikawā o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hōʻailona - . ʻAʻohe ohi like ma nā wahi a pau o ka honua e pili ana i ka nui o ka poloka aniani a me ka piha o ka hōʻike. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia e hōʻiliʻili hou i ka USSR i mea e hoʻomau ai i ka holomua o nā ʻepekema ma ka State Optical Institute, nāna i hoʻomohala i ka ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i ke aniani pale radiation.
I kēia manawa ma lalo o kēlā me kēia poloka aniani he laina LED. Hoʻomalu ʻia kēia mau laina e nā mea hoʻoponopono a me kahi hub i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi kamepiula pilikino. Inā hoʻokani ʻoe i kahi mele ma ka PC, e hoʻomaka ana ke okana e ʻōlinolino i nā kala like ʻole ma muli o ke kī a me ka pitch o ke kani. Aia ka papahana i ʻewalu algorithms no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kani i ke kala. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loiloi i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana ma kēia .
Hoʻomau o ka hōʻikeʻike: ʻāpana pili
Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ke aniani optical hiki mai ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka hōʻike - ʻo ka interactive. Hiki ke hoʻopā ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea hōʻikeʻike ma aneʻi. Hoʻomaka ka ʻāpana pili me ka noiʻi ʻana i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka ʻike 3D.
, , phonotropes - hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo o ke aʻo ʻana o nā ʻepekema i nā hana o ka ʻike a me ka hoʻoili ʻike. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi laʻana o kahi phonotrope ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hana i ka inertia o ka ʻike. ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike me ka maka, no ka mea, ua pōwehiwehi ke kiʻi, ʻike maopopo ʻia ma o ke kāmela kelepona.
I ke kiʻi: phonotrope - kahi analogue hou o ka zoetrope
Kiʻi: Optical illusion
Loaʻa i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni 3D o kēia wā i ke kenekulia 3-hiki i kahi stereoscope me nā kāleka pre-revolutionary ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻoia i kēia. Aia kekahi pale XNUMXD i hoʻokomo ʻia, ʻaʻole pono i nā aniani kūikawā e nānā i ke kiʻi.
Ma ke kiʻi: he stereoscope kahiko mai ka makahiki 1901
Aia i loko o ka hale hōʻikeʻike he papaʻaina me nā lula hoʻopaʻa palapala a me nā mea ʻike maopopo ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻoe e nānā iā lākou ma o nā kānana kūikawā, e pua lākou me nā kala āpau o ke ānuenue. Kapa ʻia kēia hanana .
He hopena kēia inā, ma lalo o ka mana o ke koʻikoʻi mechanical, loaʻa i nā kino ka hoʻohālua pālua (ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa kuhikuhi refractive no ka mālamalama). ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻano anuenue. Ma ke ala, hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano e nānā i nā ukana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alahaka a me nā implants.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma lalo nei i kekahi pale ʻālohilohi keʻokeʻo. Inā ʻoe e nānā iā ia ma o nā kānana kūikawā, e ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻi o kahi deragona kala.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻo ITMO University i nā papahana hui me nā mea pena kiʻi e hōʻike ana i kā lākou mau hana ma ka hale hōʻikeʻike. No ka laʻana, i loko o kekahi o nā keʻena kūkākūkā aia kahi hoʻonohonoho LED ""(Wave) ka hopena o ka "hui" o nā loea kulanui a me ka hui papahana Sonicology. ʻO ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo o ka papahana ʻo ia ka mea pena media a me ka haku mele ʻo Taras Mashtalir.
ʻO ka Wave art object he kiʻi kiʻi ʻelua mika, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā neʻe neʻe, "heluhelu" i ka ʻano o ka poʻe nānā a hoʻohua i ka māmā a me nā pane mele.
Kiʻi: Wave LED hoʻokomo
Aia ma ke keʻena aʻe o ka hōʻikeʻike he mau aniani kilokilo. Anamorphoses "decipher" nā kiʻi ʻē a hoʻohuli iā lākou i mau kiʻi hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia.
ʻO ka mea aʻe he lumi ʻeleʻele me nā kukui plasma. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopā iā lākou.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kaha kiʻi ma ka paia ma ka ʻākau o nā kukui me kahi kukui uila; A ʻo ka pā e kū pono ana ʻaʻole ia e komo i ka mālamalama, akā e hōʻike ana. Inā lawe ʻoe i ke kiʻi e kūʻē i kona kua me ka uila, e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi aka ma ka pale pahupaʻi.
ʻO ke keʻena penultimate o ka hōʻikeʻike ka lumi ultraviolet. He pōʻeleʻele a piha i ka nui o nā mea luminescent. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia kahi palapala 'ālohilohi" o Rusia.
Ma ke kiʻi: Palapala ʻāina o Rūsia i pena ʻia me nā pena luminescent
ʻO ka hōʻike hope loa ʻo "Magic Forest". ʻO kēia ke keʻena o nā aniani me nā kaula luminescent.
Ma ke kiʻi: "Magic Forest"
"I ka pau ʻole a ma hope loa aku"
I kēlā me kēia lā, hana nā limahana hale hōʻikeʻike i nā hōʻike hou a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea i loaʻa. Hoʻomaka nā huakaʻi i kēlā me kēia iwakālua mau minuke. Hiki i ke ʻano o nā papa kumu no nā keiki kula ke aʻo i ka papa optics kula ma kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa a hoʻomaopopo.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻolālā mākou e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā mea hana noʻeau i loko o ka hale hōʻikeʻike, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā haʻiʻōlelo hou aʻe a me nā haʻawina ma kona kumu. E loaʻa pū kekahi wahi VR me nā hoʻomohala mai ka papahana ITMO University "".
Manaʻolana mākou e ʻoi aku ka nui o ia mau papahana pili a hoʻonaʻauao, a lilo ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Optics ma ITMO University i hale hōʻikeʻike no nā mea pena kiʻi mai ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
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Source: www.habr.com