Kuokoa e like me ke Kuokoa ma Rusia: Mokuna 1. The Fatal Printer

Kūʻokoʻa e like me ka Freedom in Russian: Mokuna 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey

ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi hacker i kona wā ʻōpio

Ke hoʻomanaʻo mau nei ʻo Alice Lippman, ka makuahine o Richard Stallman, i ka manawa i hōʻike ai kāna keiki i kāna talena.

"Manaʻo wau ua hana ʻia i kona wā he 8 mau makahiki," wahi āna.

ʻO 1961 ia. Ua haʻalele koke ʻo Lippman a lilo i makuahine hoʻokahi. Ua neʻe ʻo ia a me kāna keiki i kahi lumi lumi liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Manhattan. ʻO kēia kahi āna i hoʻomaha ai i kēlā lā hoʻomaha. Ke ʻimi nei ʻo Alice i kāna kolamu punahele: "Math Games" na Martin Gardner. I kēlā manawa, e hana ana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kumu noʻeau pani, a ua maikaʻi nā puʻupuʻu a Gardner no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kona lolo. Noho ʻo Alice ma ka ʻaoʻao o kāna keiki, e heluhelu ana i ka puke me ka hoihoi, lawe ʻo Alice i ka puzzle o ka pule.

"ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke kapa ʻia he loea i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Lippman, "akā, noʻu, he mea pena, he mea pono lākou no ka mea ua aʻo lākou i ka naʻauao a ua maʻalahi."

I kēia lā wale nō kāna mau hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia i ʻāpana ʻia, e like me ka pā. Ua mākaukau ʻo Alice e hoʻolei i ka makasina me kona huhū i ka wā i ʻike koke ai ʻo ia i kahi huki mālie ma kona lima. ʻO Richard. Nīnau ʻo ia inā makemake ʻo ia i kōkua.

Nānā ʻo Alice i kāna keiki, a laila i ka puzzle, a laila hoʻi i kāna keiki, a hōʻike i ke kānalua e hiki iā ia ke kōkua ma kekahi ʻano. “Ua nīnau au inā ua heluhelu ʻo ia i ka makasina. Pane ʻo ia: ʻAe, heluhelu wau, a hoʻoponopono i ka puzzle. A hoʻomaka ʻo ia e wehewehe iaʻu pehea e hoʻoponopono ʻia ai. Ua paʻa kēia manawa i koʻu hoʻomanaʻo no ke koena o koʻu ola. "

Ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka manaʻo o kāna keiki, lulu ʻo Alice i kona poʻo - ua ulu aʻe kona kānalua i ka hoʻomaloka loa. "ʻAe, ʻo ia hoʻi, he keikikāne akamai a mākaukau ʻo ia," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, "akā no ka manawa mua aʻu i ʻike ai i ka hōʻike ʻana o ia manaʻo i manaʻo ʻole ʻia."

I kēia manawa, 30 mau makahiki ma hope mai, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Lippman i kēia me ka ʻakaʻaka. “Ko hono mo‘oní, na‘e ‘ikai ke u mahino‘i mo‘oni ‘ene fakapapauí, ‘i ia pe ki mui,” ko e lau ia ‘a ‘Alise, “‘oku ou fiefia ‘i hono ‘ilo‘i ‘a e tali.”

Noho mākou ma ka papa ʻaina i loko o ka lumi nui ʻekolu lumi lumi Manhattan kahi i neʻe ai ʻo Alice me Richard ma 1967 ma hope o ka male ʻana iā Maurice Lippmann. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i nā makahiki ʻōpio o kāna keiki, hoʻopuka ʻo Alice i ka haʻaheo maʻamau a me ka hilahila o kahi makuahine Iudaio. Mai ʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi papa ʻaoʻao me nā kiʻi nui e hōʻike ana iā Richard me ka ʻumiʻumi piha a me nā ʻaʻahu kula. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kiʻi o nā nieces a me nā moʻopuna a Lippman me nā kiʻi o nā gnomes. ʻO ka ʻakaʻaka, wehewehe ʻo Alice: "Ua koi ʻo Richard iaʻu e kūʻai iā lākou ma hope o kona loaʻa ʻana i kahi kauka hanohano mai ke Kulanui ʻo Glasgow. A laila, haʻi mai ʻo ia iaʻu: 'Ua ʻike ʻoe, e mama? ʻO kēia ka prom mua aʻu i hele ai.'"

Hōʻike ʻia kēlā mau ʻōlelo i ke ʻano o ka ʻakaʻaka i mea nui no ka hānai ʻana i kahi keiki prodigy. Hiki iā ʻoe ke maopopo no kēlā me kēia moʻolelo i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o Stallman a me ka eccentricity, he ʻumi mau mea e haʻi aku ai kona makuahine.

"He conservative ikaika ʻo ia," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, e kīloi ana i kona mau lima me ka huhū kiʻi, "ua maʻa mākou i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻohihi huhū i ka ʻaina ahiahi. Ua hoʻāʻo wau me nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaka i kā mākou hui ponoʻī, a ua huhū loa ʻo Richard iaʻu. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia i nā uniona kālepa he kumu kumu no ka palaho. Ua hakakā pū ʻo ia me ka mālama ola. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā hoʻomaka nā kānaka e hoʻolako iā lākou iho ma o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā. ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike i loko o nā makahiki 10 wale nō e lilo ʻo ia i mea manaʻo? Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au i kona kaikuahine kuahine i hele mai i oʻu nei i kekahi lā a nīnau mai, 'E ke Akua, ʻo wai ʻo ia e ulu aʻe?' Fascist?'".

Ua male ʻo Alice i ka makuakāne o Richard, ʻo Daniel Stallman, i ka makahiki 1948, ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā ia i 10 mau makahiki ma hope mai, a mai ia manawa ua hānai ʻo ia i kāna keiki me ka ʻaneʻane hoʻokahi wale nō, ʻoiai ʻo kona makuakāne kona kahu. No laila, hiki iā Alice ke ʻōlelo pololei ua ʻike pono ʻo ia i ke ʻano o kāna keiki, ʻo ia hoʻi kona hōʻole ʻana i ka mana. E hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana nō hoʻi i kona make wai ʻana i ka ʻike. Ua pilikia ʻo ia me kēia mau ʻano. Ua lilo ka hale i kahua kaua.

"He mau pilikia nō hoʻi i ka meaʻai, me he mea lā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i makemake e ʻai iki," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Lippman i ka mea i hana ʻia iā Richard mai kahi o 8 mau makahiki a hiki i ka puka ʻana, "Kahea wau iā ia i ka ʻaina ahiahi, a nānā ʻole ʻo ia iaʻu, me he mea lā. ʻaʻole lohe . Ma hope wale nō o ka ʻeiwa a i ʻole ka ʻumi o ka manawa, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo ia a hoʻolohe mai iaʻu. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho i kāna mau haʻawina, a he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai laila."

Ma ka huli ʻana, wehewehe ʻo Richard i kēlā mau hanana ma ke ʻano like, akā hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi ʻano politika.

“Ua makemake au i ka heluhelu,” i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, “inā ua kau au i ka heluhelu, a ʻōlelo mai koʻu makuahine iaʻu e ʻai a moe paha, ʻaʻole au i hoʻolohe iā ia. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu ke kumu ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae iaʻu e heluhelu. ʻAʻole au i ʻike i ke kumu iki e hana ai au i ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia mai iaʻu. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻāʻo wau iaʻu iho a me nā pilina ʻohana i nā mea a pau aʻu i heluhelu ai e pili ana i ka demokala a me ke kūʻokoʻa pilikino. Ua hōʻole wau e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu i hoʻonui ʻole ʻia ai kēia mau loina i nā keiki.

ʻOiai ma ke kula, makemake ʻo Richard e hahai i nā manaʻo o ke kūʻokoʻa pilikino ma mua o nā koi mai luna. I ka makahiki 11, ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia i ʻelua mau papa ma mua o kāna mau hoa, a ua loaʻa iā ia nā mea hōʻeha nui e like me ke keiki akamai i ke kula kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope koke iho o ka hanana hoʻopaʻapaʻa poina ʻole, ua hoʻomaka ka makuahine o Richard i ke au o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa maʻamau a me ka wehewehe ʻana me nā kumu.

"Ua hoʻowahāwahā loa ʻo ia i ka hana i kākau ʻia," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Alice i nā hakakā mua, "Manaʻo wau ʻo kāna hana hope loa ma ke kula ʻōpio he ʻatikala no ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana helu ma ke Komohana i ka papa 4." Ua hōʻole ʻo ia e kākau ma nā kumuhana hoihoi ʻole iā ia. ʻO Stallman, nona ka noʻonoʻo analytical phenomenal, ʻimi ʻo ia i ka makemakika a me ka ʻepekema kikoʻī i ka pōʻino o nā aʻo ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike kekahi mau kumu i ka manaʻo hoʻokahi, akā ua ʻike ʻo Lippman i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole a me ka ʻole o ke kaohi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻepekema pololei i ka papahana ma mua o nā mea a Richard i makemake ʻole ai. I ka makahiki 10 a i ʻole 11 paha ʻo Stallman, ua hoʻomaka kāna mau hoa papa i ka pāʻani pôpeku ʻAmelika, a laila hoʻi mai ʻo Richard i ka home me ka huhū. "Makemake loa ʻo ia e pāʻani, akā ua ʻike ʻia ʻo kona hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me nā mākau kino ʻē aʻe i waiho nui ʻia," wahi a Lippman, "Ua huhū loa ʻo ia."

No ka huhū, ua ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o Stallman i ka makemakika a me ka ʻepekema. Eia nō naʻe, ma kēia mau ʻāina ʻōiwi o Richard, ʻo kona hoʻomanawanui ʻana i kekahi manawa ua pilikia. Ma mua o ka piha ʻana i nā makahiki ʻehiku, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i manaʻo he mea maʻalahi ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā mākua. I kekahi manawa, i ke kula waena ʻo Stallman, ua hoʻolimalima ʻo Alice i kumu aʻo nona ma ke ʻano o kahi haumāna ma ke Kulanui ʻo Columbia. Ua lawa ka haʻawina mua loa i hiki ʻole ai ka haumāna ma ka paepae o ko lākou hale noho. "Me he mea lā, ʻo ka mea a Richard i haʻi aku ai iā ia ʻaʻole i kūpono i kona poʻo ʻilihune," wahi a Lippman.

ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻomanaʻo punahele a kona makuahine mai ka makahiki 60, ʻoiai ʻo Stallman ma kahi o ʻehiku mau makahiki. Ua hala nā makahiki ʻelua ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o kona mau mākua, a ua neʻe ʻo Alice a me kāna keiki mai Queens a i ka Upper West Side, kahi i makemake ai ʻo Richard e hele i ka paka ma Riverside Drive e hoʻolauna i nā pōhaku kiʻi hoʻohālike. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua lilo ka leʻaleʻa i hana koʻikoʻi - hoʻomaka ʻo ia e mālama i nā moʻolelo kikoʻī e pili ana i kēlā me kēia hoʻolaha. E like me kona hoihoi i nā pilikia makemakika, ʻaʻole i nānā nui ʻia kēia leʻaleʻa a hiki i hoʻokahi lā, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka NASA nui, ua nīnau ʻakaʻaka kona makuahine i kāna keiki inā makemake ʻo ia e ʻike inā e hahai pololei ana ka ʻoihana lewa i kāna mau memo.

"Hūhū ʻo ia," wahi a Lippman, "a hiki iā ia ke pane wale: 'ʻAʻole au i hōʻike iā lākou i kaʻu mau memo!' E hōʻike ana paha ʻo ia i kekahi mea iā NASA. " ʻAʻole hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Stallman iā ia iho i kēia hanana, akā ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma ia kūlana e hilahila ʻo ia no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻike iā NASA.

ʻO kēia mau moʻolelo ʻohana ʻo ia nā hōʻike mua o ko Stallman hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, e mau nei me ia a hiki i kēia lā. I ka holo ʻana o nā keiki i ka papaʻaina, hoʻomau ʻo Richard i ka heluhelu ʻana i loko o kona lumi. I ka wā e pāʻani ai nā kamaliʻi i ka pôpeku, e hoʻohālike ana i ka Johnny Unitas kaao, ua hōʻike ʻo Richard i kahi astronaut. "He mea ʻē au," i hōʻuluʻulu ai ʻo Stallman i kāna mau makahiki kamaliʻi ma kahi ninaninau i ka makahiki 1999, "ma kekahi mau makahiki ʻo nā hoaaloha wale nō aʻu i loaʻa ai he kumu." ʻAʻole hilahila ʻo Rikeke i kona ʻano ʻano ʻē a me kona ʻano ʻano like ʻole me kona hiki ʻole ke launa pū me nā kānaka, a ua manaʻo ʻo ia he pilikia maoli. Eia naʻe, ua alakaʻi like lāua ʻelua iā ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai nā mea a pau.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Alice e hāʻawi i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā leʻaleʻa a kāna keiki, ʻoiai ua hoʻoweliweli kēia i nā pilikia hou ma ke kula. I ka makahiki 12, hele ʻo Richard i nā kahua hoʻomoana ʻepekema i ke kauwela āpau, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki kula ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hele i kahi kula pilikino. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi o nā kumu iā Lippman e hoʻopaʻa inoa i kāna keiki i ka Columbia Science Achievement Program, i kūkulu ʻia ma New York no nā haumāna kula waena a me ke kula kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻohui ʻo Stallman i ka papahana i kāna mau hana extracurricular me ke kūʻē ʻole, a ua hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia e kipa i ke kahua noho o ke Kulanui ʻo Columbia i kēlā me kēia Pōʻaono.

Wahi a nā hoʻomanaʻo a Dan Chess, kekahi o nā hoa haumāna o Stallman ma ka papahana Columbia, ua kū ʻo Richard ma ke ʻano o kēia hui ʻana o ka poʻe i makemake nui i ka makemakika a me ka ʻepekema pololei. "ʻOiaʻiʻo, he poʻe nerds mākou a pau ma laila," wahi a Chess, he polopeka makemakika i kēia manawa ma ke Kulanui ʻo Hunter, "akā ua maopopo loa ʻo Stallman mai kēia ao. He kanaka akamai loa ia. Ua ʻike au i ka poʻe akamai he nui, akā manaʻo wau ʻo Stallman ka mea akamai loa aʻu i ʻike ai."

Ua ʻae ʻo Programmer Seth Bridbart, kahi haumāna puka o ka papahana. Ua launa maikaʻi ʻo ia me Richard no ka mea ua komo pū ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo moʻolelo ʻepekema a hele i nā ʻaha kūkā. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Seth iā Stallman ma ke ʻano he keiki 15 makahiki i loko o nā lole hoʻohaʻahaʻa i hāʻawi i ka poʻe i kahi "manaʻo weliweli," ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā hoa XNUMX makahiki.

"He paʻakikī ke wehewehe," wahi a Breidbart, "ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻihoʻi loa ʻia, ʻo ia wale nō ka nānā ʻana. Ua mahalo ʻia ʻo Richard me kona ʻike hohonu, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohui ʻia kona ʻano hoʻokaʻawale i kona nani.

ʻO ia mau wehewehe ʻana he mea noʻonoʻo: aia kekahi kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai e hūnā ana nā epithets e like me "obsession" a me "detachment" i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i kēia manawa he maʻi ʻano ʻōpio? I Dekemaba 2001 i loko o ka makasina hoʻoili Ua paʻi ʻia kekahi ʻatikala i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Geek Syndrome," nāna i wehewehe i nā keiki akamai i ka ʻepekema me ka autism hana nui a me ka maʻi Asperger's Syndrome. ʻO nā hoʻomanaʻo o ko lākou mau mākua, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻatikala, ma nā ʻano like ʻole me nā moʻolelo o Alice Lippman. Noʻonoʻo ʻo Stallman iā ia iho. Ma kahi ninaninau 2000 me ʻO Toronto Star Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e loaʻa iā ia ka "borderline autistic disorder." ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ka ʻatikala i hōʻike ʻole ʻia kona manaʻo ma ke ʻano he hilinaʻi

Ma muli o ka maopopo ʻole o ka wehewehe ʻana o nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "conduct disorders", he mea maoli maoli kēia manaʻo. E like me kā Steve Silberman, ka mea kākau o ka ʻatikala "The Geek Syndrome," i ʻike ʻia e nā psychiatrists ʻAmelika i kēia manawa ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi ʻo Asperger i kahi ākea ākea o nā ʻano ʻano, mai ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka kaʻa a me ka pilikanaka a hiki i ka nānā ʻana i nā helu, nā kamepiula a me nā hale hoʻonohonoho. . .

"Malia paha ua loaʻa iaʻu kekahi mea like," wahi a Stallman, "ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo kekahi o nā hōʻailona o Asperger's Syndrome he paʻakikī me ke ʻano o ke kani. A hiki iaʻu ke hula. Eia kekahi, makemake au e hahai i nā mele paʻakikī loa. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo maopopo. " Ke kamaʻilio nei paha mākou e pili ana i kahi helu o ka maʻi Asperger's Syndrome, ka mea ma ka hapa nui i kūpono i loko o ke ʻano o ka maʻamau.

ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo Dan Chess i kēia makemake e ʻike iā Richard i kēia manawa. "ʻAʻole loa au i manaʻo he ʻano ʻano ʻino maoli ʻo ia, ma ke ʻano olakino," wahi āna, "ua kaʻawale loa ʻo ia mai ka poʻe a puni iā ​​​​ia a me ko lākou mau pilikia, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kamaʻilio, akā inā pili ia kēlā - a laila ua like mākou a pau, i kekahi degere a i ʻole."

Ua hauʻoli ʻo Alice Lippman i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa āpau e pili ana i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo o Richard, ʻoiai hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i kekahi mau moʻolelo i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i nā manaʻo i makemake ʻia. ʻO kahi hōʻailona maʻamau o nā maʻi autistic i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole i ka walaʻau a me nā kala ʻālohilohi, a i ka wā i lawe ʻia ai ʻo Richard i kahakai i kona wā pēpē, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e uē ʻelua a ʻekolu mau poloka mai ke kai. Ma hope wale nō, ʻike ihola lākou i ka ʻeha o kona mau pepeiao a me kona poʻo i ke kani ʻana o ka nalu. ʻO kekahi laʻana: He lauoho ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ko ke kupuna wahine o Richard, a i kēlā me kēia manawa e hilinaʻi ʻo ia ma luna o ka moena, uē ʻo ia me he mea lā i ka ʻeha.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Lippman e heluhelu nui e pili ana i ka autism, a ua ʻike nui ʻo ia iā ia iho e noʻonoʻo ana ʻaʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona o kāna keiki. "Ke hoʻomaka nei au e noʻonoʻo he keiki autistic paha ʻo Richard," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, "He mea hilahila no ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike a kamaʻilio paha i kēlā manawa."

Eia naʻe, e like me kāna, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Richard e hoʻololi. I ka makahiki ʻehiku, aloha ʻo ia i ke kū ʻana ma ka puka makani mua o nā kaʻaahi subway e ʻimi i nā tunnels labyrinthine ma lalo o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua kūʻē maoli kēia leʻaleʻa i kona ʻae ʻole ʻana i ka walaʻau, a he nui i loko o ke kaʻaahi. "Akā, ua hoʻokūhoihoi wale ka walaʻau iā ia i ka wā mua," wahi a Lippman, "a laila ua aʻo ka ʻōnaehana nerve o Richard e hoʻololi ma lalo o ka mana o kona makemake nui e aʻo i ka subway."

Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo Richard ma mua e kona makuahine ma ke ʻano he keiki maʻamau - ʻo kona mau manaʻo, nā hana, a me nā ʻano kamaʻilio e like me ke keiki liʻiliʻi. Ma hope wale nō o nā hanana koʻikoʻi i loko o ka ʻohana, ua haʻalele ʻo ia a kaʻawale.

ʻO ka hana mua o ia ʻano ka hemo ʻana o koʻu mau mākua. ʻOiai ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Alice a me kāna kāne e hoʻomākaukau i kā lāua keiki no kēia mea a hoʻomāmā i ka hahau ʻana, ua hāʻule lākou. "Me he mea lā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e haʻalele i kā mākou kamaʻilio ʻana me ia," wahi a Lippman, "a laila paʻi ka ʻoiaʻiʻo iā ia i ka ʻōpū i ka wā e neʻe ai i kahi lumi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua a Richard i nīnau ai: 'Auhea nā mea a ka makuakāne?'"

Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Stallman i kahi manawa he ʻumi makahiki o ka noho ʻana i nā ʻohana ʻelua, e neʻe ana mai kona makuahine ma Manhattan i kona makuakāne ma Queens i nā hopena pule. He ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻano o nā mākua, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ko lākou ala hoʻonaʻauao, ʻaʻole kūlike kekahi i kekahi. He pōʻeleʻele loa ka nohona ʻohana no laila ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Richard e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kāna mau keiki ponoʻī. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i kona makuakāne, ka mea i make i ka makahiki 2001, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā manaʻo like ʻole - he kanaka paʻakikī ʻo ia, he kanaka koʻikoʻi, he kanaka koa o ke Kaua Honua II. Hoʻohanohano ʻo Stallman iā ia no ke kuleana kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano o ka hana - no ka laʻana, ua aʻo maikaʻi kona makuakāne i ka ʻōlelo Palani wale nō no ka mea e koi ana nā mikiona hakakā me nā Nazis ma Farani. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he kumu ko Richard e huhū ai i kona makuakāne, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻemi i nā ʻano hoʻonaʻauao koʻikoʻi. .

"He ʻano paʻakikī ko koʻu makuakāne," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Richard, "ʻaʻole loa ʻo ia i ʻuā, akā ʻike mau ʻo ia i kahi kumu e hoʻohewa ai i nā mea āpau āu i ʻōlelo ai a i hana ai me ka hoʻohewa anuanu a kikoʻī."

Ua wehewehe ʻo Stallman i kona pilina me kona makuahine me ka maopopo ʻole: “He kaua. Ua hiki i ka manawa i ʻōlelo ai au iaʻu iho 'makemake wau e hoʻi i ka home', ke noʻonoʻo nei au i kahi wahi maoli ʻole, kahi puʻuhonua o ka maluhia aʻu i ʻike ai i loko o kaʻu mau moeʻuhane.

No nā makahiki mua ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o kona mau mākua, ua noho ʻo Richard me kona mau kupuna kāne. "I koʻu noho ʻana me lākou, ua ʻike au i ke aloha a me ke aloha, a ua mālie loa," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo ia, "ʻo ia wale nō kaʻu wahi punahele ma mua o koʻu hele ʻana i ke kulanui." I ka 8 o kona mau makahiki, ua hala aku kona kupunawahine, a he 2 makahiki wale no ma hope mai, ua hahai kona kupunakane iaia, a o keia ka lua o ka hahau ikaika loa a Richard i hiki ole ai ke ola no ka manawa loihi.

"Ua hōʻeha maoli ʻo ia iā ia," wahi a Lippman. Ua pili loa ʻo Stallman i kona mau kūpuna. Ma hope o ko lākou make ʻana, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia mai kahi alakaʻi alakaʻi i kahi kanaka noho mālie, e kū mau ana ma kahi ʻaoʻao.

Manaʻo ʻo Richard i kona hoʻi ʻana iā ia iho i kēlā manawa he mea pili i ka makahiki, ke pau ka wā kamaliʻi a noʻonoʻo hou ʻia a loiloi hou ʻia. Ua kapa ʻo ia i kona mau makahiki ʻōpio "he moeʻuhane ʻino loa" a ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua lohe ʻo ia i ke kuli a me ka leo ʻole i loko o ka lehulehu o nā mea aloha mele e kamaʻilio mau nei.

"Ua noʻonoʻo mau wau ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu i ka mea a nā mea a pau e kamaʻilio nei," wehewehe ʻo ia i kona kaʻawale ʻana, "ua hope wau i nā manawa a ʻike wau i nā huaʻōlelo pākahi wale nō i kā lākou kahawai o ka slang. Akā ʻaʻole wau i makemake e komo i kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomaopopo pehea e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoihoi i kēia mau mea hoʻokani mele kaulana i kēlā manawa.

Akā aia kekahi mea maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i kēia aloofness - ua hoʻoulu i ka pilikino iā Richard. I ka wā i hoʻāʻo ai nā hoa papa e ulu i ka lauoho lauoho lōʻihi ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia e ʻaʻahu i kahi lauoho pōkole a nani. I ka wā i pupule ai ka poʻe ʻōpio a puni iā ​​​​ia i ka pōhaku a me ka ʻōwili, hoʻolohe ʻo Stallman i nā mele kahiko. Puka aloha o ka puke moʻolelo ʻepekema hehena a me nā polokalamu kīwī o ka pō, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻo Richard e pili ana i nā mea a pau, a ua hoʻonui kēia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻana ma waena ona a me ka poʻe e hoʻopuni ana iā ia, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kona mau mākua ponoʻī.

"A ʻo kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo! - Ua hoʻōho ʻo Alice me ka hauʻoli i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka wā ʻōpiopio o kāna keiki, "i ka ʻaina ahiahi ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo i kahi huaʻōlelo me ka ʻole e hoʻihoʻi mai ʻo ia iā ʻoe, ua pāʻani a wili iā ia i Gehena."

Ma waho o ka ʻohana, ua mālama ʻo Stallman i kāna mau ʻakaʻaka no kēlā poʻe mākua i aloha i kāna talena. ʻO kekahi o nā poʻe mua loa i loko o kona ola he kumu ia ma kahi hoʻomoana kauwela, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i ka manual no kahi kamepiula IBM 7094 e heluhelu ai. He 8 a 9 paha makahiki o Richard. No ke keiki makemake nui i ka makemakika a me ka ʻepekema kamepiula, he makana maoli kēia mai ke Akua mai. . He liʻiliʻi ka manawa i hala, a ke kākau nei ʻo Richard i nā papahana no ka IBM 7094, akā naʻe, ma ka pepa wale nō, me ka manaʻo ʻole e holo ia mau mea ma ke kamepiula maoli. Puhi wale ʻo ia i ka haku ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻo e hoʻokō i kekahi hana. I ka maloʻo ʻana o kona mau manaʻo no nā papahana, hoʻomaka ʻo Richard e huli i kāna kumu no lākou.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā kamepiula pilikino mua ma hope o 10 mau makahiki, no laila pono ʻo Stallman e kali no nā makahiki he nui no ka manawa e hana ai ma ke kamepiula. Eia naʻe, hāʻawi ka hopena iā ia i kahi manawa: aia i kāna makahiki hope o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua kono ʻo New York IBM Research Center iā Richard e hana i kahi papahana - kahi preprocessor no PL/1, e hoʻohui i ka hiki ke hana me ka tensor algebra i ka ʻōlelo. . "Ua kākau mua wau i kēia preprocessor ma PL / 1, a laila kākau hou wau ma ka ʻōlelo hui no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka papahana PL / 1 i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka kamepiula," wahi a Stallman.

I ke kauwela ma hope o ke puka ʻana o Richard mai ke kula, ua kono ʻo IBM Research Center iā ia e hana. ʻO ka hana mua i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia he papahana helu helu ma Fortran. Ua kākau ʻo Stallman iā ia i loko o kekahi mau pule, a ma ia manawa hoʻokahi, ua inaina nui ʻo ia iā Fortran a ua hoʻohiki ʻo ia iā ia iho ʻaʻole e hoʻopā hou i kēia ʻōlelo. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ke koena o ke kauwela e kākau i kahi mea hoʻoponopono kikokikona ma APL.

Ma ka manawa like, ua hana ʻo Stallman ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua keʻena ma ke keʻena biology o ke Kulanui ʻo Rockefeller. Ua mahalo nui ʻia ke poʻo o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua ma ko Richard noʻonoʻo analytical, a ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hana maikaʻi ʻo Stallman i ka hana biology. He mau makahiki ma hope mai, i ka wā i hele ai ʻo Richard i ke kulanui, ua kani ka bele ma ka hale o Alice Lippman. "ʻO ia ka polopeka hoʻokahi mai Rockefeller, ke poʻo o ka hale hana," wahi a Lippman, "makemake ʻo ia e ʻike pehea ka hana a kaʻu keiki. Ua ʻōlelo au e hana ana ʻo Richard me nā kamepiula, a ua kāhāhā nui ka polopeka. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e kūkulu ana ʻo Richard i kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he mea olaola me kona ikaika a pau.

ʻO ka naʻauao o Stallman kekahi i hoʻohauʻoli i nā kumu ma ka papahana Columbia, ʻoiai ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻonāukiuki i nā mea he nui. "ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua hewa lākou i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha i ka wā o ka haʻiʻōlelo, a ua hoʻoponopono mau ʻo Stallman iā lākou," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Breidbart, "no laila ua ulu ka mahalo i kona naʻauao a me kona huhū iā Richard iho."

Ua ʻakaʻaka ʻo Stallman i ka ʻōlelo ʻana i kēia mau ʻōlelo mai Briedbart. "I kekahi manawa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana au me he mea lā," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, "akā i ka hopena ua kōkua iaʻu e loaʻa nā ʻuhane ʻohana i waena o nā kumu makemake hoʻi e aʻo i nā mea hou a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou ʻike. ʻAʻole i ʻae nā haumāna iā lākou iho e hoʻoponopono i ke kumu. Ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ke ākea."

ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā kamaliʻi kiʻekiʻe i ka Pōʻaono i noʻonoʻo ai ʻo Stallman i nā pono o ka pilina pilikanaka. Me ka hoʻokokoke koke ʻana o ke kulanui, pono ʻo ia e koho i kahi e aʻo ai, a ʻo Stallman, e like me nā mea i komo i ka Columbia Science Achievement Program, ua hōʻemi ʻo ia i kāna koho ʻana i nā kulanui i ʻelua: Harvard a me MIT. I ka lohe ʻana o Lippman e noʻonoʻo nui ana kāna keiki e kākau inoa i ke kulanui ʻo Ivy League, ua hopohopo ʻo ia. I ka makahiki 15, ua hoʻomau ʻo Stallman i ka hakakā me nā kumu a me nā luna. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua, ua loaʻa iā ia nā māka kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka mōʻaukala ʻAmelika, kemika, makemakika a me Farani, akā ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ua loaʻa iā ia kahi "hāʻule" - ua hoʻomau ʻo Richard i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hana kākau. Hiki i ka MIT a me nā kulanui ʻē aʻe ke huli makapō i kēia mau mea āpau, akā ʻaʻole ma Harvard. He kūpono loa ʻo Stallman no kēia kulanui ma ke ʻano o ka naʻauao, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pono i nā koi o ke aʻo ʻana.

ʻO ka psychotherapist, ka mea i ʻike iā Richard ma muli o kāna mau hana ʻino ma ke kula haʻahaʻa, ua manaʻo ʻo ia e lawe i kahi mana hoʻāʻo o ka hoʻonaʻauao kulanui, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi makahiki piha ma kekahi kula ma New York me ka ʻole o nā māka maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa me nā kumu. No laila ua lawe ʻo Stallman i nā papa kauwela ma ka ʻoihana kanaka a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana, a laila hoʻi i kona makahiki kiʻekiʻe ma West 84th Street School. He mea paʻakikī loa iā ia, akā haʻaheo ʻo Lippman ua hiki i kāna keiki ke hoʻokō iā ia iho.

"Ua hāʻule ʻo ia i kekahi ʻano," wahi āna, "hoʻokahi wale nō wau i kāhea ʻia ma muli o Richard - ua kuhikuhi mau ʻo ia i nā hemahema o nā hōʻike i ke kumu makemakika. Nīnau au: 'Ae, pololei paha ʻo ia?' Pane mai ke kumu: 'Ae, a i ole ia, aole nui ka poe i maopopo i ka hooiaio.'

I ka pau ʻana o kāna kau mua, ua kiʻi ʻo Stallman i ka 96 ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania a loaʻa iā ia nā māka kiʻekiʻe ma ka mōʻaukala ʻAmelika, microbiology, a me ka makemakika kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka physics, ua loaʻa iā ia nā helu 100 mai loko mai o hoʻokahi haneli. Aia ʻo ia ma waena o nā alakaʻi o ka papa ma ke ʻano o ka hana hoʻonaʻauao, a ʻo ia ka mea i waho i kona ola pilikino.

Ua hoʻomau ʻo Richard i ka hele ʻana i nā hana extracurricular me ka ʻoliʻoli nui; ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka hale hana olaola i hoʻohauʻoli iā ia, a ua nānā iki ʻo ia i nā mea e hana nei a puni ona. I kona hele ʻana i ke Kulanui ʻo Columbia, ua holo like ʻo ia me ka wikiwiki a me ka mālie ma waena o ka lehulehu o ka poʻe hele a ma o nā hōʻike kūʻē i ke Kaua Vietnam. I kekahi lā ua hele ʻo ia i kahi hui ʻole o nā hoa haumāna Columbia. Kūkākūkā nā kānaka a pau i kahi e pono ai ke hele.

E like me kā Braidbard e hoʻomanaʻo nei, "ʻOiaʻiʻo, hele ka hapa nui o nā haumāna i Harvard a me MIT, akā ua koho kekahi i nā kula ʻo Ivy League. A laila nīnau kekahi iā Stallman i hea ʻo ia e hele ai i ke kula. I ka pane ʻana o Richard e hele ana ʻo ia i Harvard, ua mālie nā mea a pau a hoʻomaka e nānā kekahi i kekahi. Ua ʻakaʻaka ʻo Richard me he mea lā: “ʻAe, ʻae, ʻaʻole mākou e kaʻawale me ʻoe!”

Source: linux.org.ru