Kuokoa e like me ke Kuokoa ma Rusia: Mokuna 1. The Fatal Printer
Kūʻokoʻa e like me ka Freedom in Russian: Mokuna 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey
Kūʻokoʻa e like me ka Freedom in Russian: Mokuna 3. ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi hacker i kona wā ʻōpio
Kuokoa e like me ke Kuokoa ma Rusia: Mokuna 4. Debunk God
Kūʻokoʻa e like me ka Freedom in Russian: Mokuna 5. He kahe o ke kūʻokoʻa
Emacs kamaaina
ʻO ka hale hana AI i nā makahiki 70 he wahi kūikawā, ua ʻae nā mea a pau i kēia. Loaʻa ka noiʻi holomua ma ʻaneʻi, ua hana nā loea ikaika loa ma ʻaneʻi, no laila ua lohe mau ʻia ka Laboratory ma ka honua kamepiula. A ʻo kāna moʻomeheu hacker a me kāna ʻuhane kipi i hoʻokumu i kahi aura kapu a puni iā ia. I ka manawa wale nō i haʻalele ai ka poʻe ʻepekema a me nā "hōkū pōhaku papahana" i ka Laboratory i ʻike ai ka poʻe hackers i ke ʻano o ka moʻolelo a me ka ephemeral o ka honua a lākou i noho ai.
"Ua like ka lab me Eden no mākou," wahi a Stallman ma ka ʻatikala. Forbes 1998, "ʻaʻole i hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho mai nā limahana ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hana pū ʻana."
ʻO ia mau wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻuhane o ka moʻolelo moʻolelo e hoʻokūpaʻa i kahi mea koʻikoʻi: ʻo ka papahele 9 o Technosquare no nā mea hackers ʻaʻole wale he wahi hana, akā he home kekahi.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "home" e Richard Stallman ponoʻī, a ʻike maopopo mākou i ka pololei a me ke akahele o kāna mau ʻōlelo. Ma hope o ke Kaua Cold me kona mau mākua ponoʻī, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo Richard ma mua o ka hale ʻo Currier, kāna hale hoʻokipa Harvard, ʻaʻohe ona home. Wahi a ia, i kona mau makahiki Harvard, ua hoʻomāinoino ʻia ʻo ia e ka makaʻu hoʻokahi wale nō - ʻo ka kipaku ʻia. Ua hōʻike au i ke kānalua o kahi haumāna akamai e like me Stallman i ka pilikia o ka haʻalele ʻana. Akā, hoʻomanaʻo mai ʻo Richard iaʻu i kāna mau pilikia koʻikoʻi me ka hoʻopaʻi.
"Manaʻo nui ʻo Harvard i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, a inā e haʻalele ʻoe i kahi papa, e noi koke ʻia ʻoe e haʻalele," wahi āna.
Ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai Harvard, ua nalowale ʻo Stallman i kona kuleana i kahi hale moe, a ʻaʻole ʻo ia i makemake e hoʻi i kona mau mākua ma New York. No laila ua hahai ʻo ia i ke ala i hehi ʻia e Greenblatt, Gosper, Sussman a me nā mea hackers he nui - hele ʻo ia i ke kula puka ma MIT, hoʻolimalima i kahi lumi kokoke i Cambridge, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o kona manawa ma AI Lab. Ma kahi haʻiʻōlelo i ka makahiki 1986, ua wehewehe ʻo Richard i kēia manawa:
He kumu ʻoi aʻe paha koʻu ma mua o nā kumu ʻē aʻe e ʻōlelo ai ua noho wau i ka Laboratory, no ka mea, i kēlā me kēia makahiki a ʻelua paha ua nalowale koʻu hale no nā kumu like ʻole, a ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa ua noho au i ka Laboratory no kekahi mau mahina. A ʻoluʻolu loa au ma laila, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kauwela wela, no ka mea, ʻoluʻolu o loko. Akā, ma ka laulā, aia ma ka hoʻonohonoho o nā mea i noho ai nā poʻe i ka pō i loko o ka Laboratory, inā wale nō ma muli o ka hoihoi nui i loaʻa iā mākou a pau. ʻAʻole hiki i ka mea hacker ke hoʻōki a hana i ka lolouila a pau loa, a ma hope o kona kolo ʻana i ka ʻili ākea palupalu kokoke loa. I ka pōkole, hoʻomaha loa, homely lewa.
Akā i kekahi manawa ua hoʻokumu kēia lewa home i nā pilikia. ʻO ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e kekahi poʻe he home, ʻike ʻia kekahi he lua opiuma uila. I loko o kāna puke Computer Power and Human Motivation, ʻo Joseph Weizenbaum ka mea noiʻi ʻo MIT i hoʻohewa nui i ka "pahū kamepiula," ʻo kāna huaʻōlelo no ka infestation o nā kikowaena kamepiula e like me ka AI Lab e nā mea hackers. "ʻO ko lākou mau lole ʻānai ʻia, ka lauoho ʻaʻole i holoi ʻia a me nā maka ʻaʻole i kahi ʻia e hōʻike ana ua haʻalele loa lākou iā lākou iho no nā kamepiula, a ʻaʻole makemake lākou e ʻike i kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke alakaʻi," i kākau ai ʻo Weizenbaum, "ke ola nei kēia mau lolouila no nā kamepiula wale nō."
Ma kahi kokoke i ka hapahā o ke kenekulia ma hope mai, huhū mau ʻo Stallman i kona lohe ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a Weizenbaum: "nā hahau kamepiula." "Makemake ʻo ia e lilo mākou i poʻe ʻoihana wale nō - e hana i ka hana no ke kālā, e ala a haʻalele i ka manawa i koho ʻia, e waiho ana i nā mea a pau e pili ana me ia mai ko mākou poʻo," wahi a Stallman me ka huhū loa, me he mea lā ua kokoke ʻo Weizenbaum a Hiki iā ia ke lohe iā ia, "akā ʻo kāna mea i manaʻo ai i ke ʻano maʻamau o nā mea, manaʻo wau he pōʻino kaumaha."
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pilikia ke ola o kahi hacker. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Richard ponoʻī ʻo kāna hoʻololi ʻana mai kahi hacker hopena pule i kahi hacker 24/7 ʻo ia ka hopena o ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā manawa ʻeha i kona wā ʻōpio, kahi e pakele ai ʻo ia i ka euphoria o ka hacking. ʻO ka mua o ia ʻeha ke puka ʻana mai Harvard; ua hoʻololi nui i ke ʻano maʻamau o ke ola. Ua hele ʻo Stallman i ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma MIT ma ka ʻoihana physics e hahai i nā wāwae o nā mea nui ʻo Richard Feynman, William Shockley a me Murray Gehl-Mann, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokele i ʻelua mau mile hou i ka AI Lab a me ka PDP hou. 2. "Ke hoʻomau nei au i ka nānā ʻana i ka polokalamu, akā manaʻo wau hiki paha iaʻu ke hana i ka physics ma ka ʻaoʻao," wahi a Stallman.
Ke aʻo ʻana i ka physics i ke ao a me ka hacking i ka pō, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Richard e hoʻokō i ke kaulike kūpono. ʻO ka puʻupuʻu o kēia koʻi geek, ʻo ia nā hālāwai pule o ka hui hula. ʻO kēia wale nō kāna pilina pili kanaka me ka wahine ʻē aʻe a me ka honua o nā kānaka maʻamau i ka laulā. Eia naʻe, i ka hopena o kāna makahiki mua ma MIT, ua loaʻa kahi pōʻino - ua ʻeha ʻo Richard i kona kuli a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hula. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia he manawa pōkole a hoʻomau i ka hele ʻana i ka hui, hoʻolohe i ke mele, a kamaʻilio pū me nā hoaaloha. Akā ua pau ke kauwela, ʻeha mau koʻu kuli a ʻaʻole maikaʻi koʻu wāwae. A laila lilo ʻo Stallman i mea kānalua a hopohopo. “Ua ʻike au ʻaʻole e maikaʻi aʻe," ʻo kāna hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, "a ʻaʻole loa e hiki iaʻu ke hula hou. Ua pepehi wale ia iaʻu."
Me ka ʻole o ka dorm Harvard a me ka ʻole o nā hulahula, ua pahū koke ke ao holoʻokoʻa o Stallman. ʻO ka hula wale nō ka mea i hoʻopili wale iā ia me nā kānaka, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi iā ia i ka manawa kūpono e hālāwai ai me nā wahine. 'A'ole hula 'o ia ho'i 'a'ole ka launa pū 'ana, a 'o ia ho'i ka mea i 'eha loa iā Richard.
"ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa ua kaumaha loa au," wahi a Richard i kēia manawa, "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu a ʻaʻole makemake wau i kekahi mea koe wale nō ka hacking. Pau ka manaʻolana."
Ua ʻaneʻane hoʻōki ʻo ia i ka hui ʻana me ka honua, me ka hoʻolulu piha ʻana iā ia iho i ka hana. Ma ʻOkakopa 1975, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka physics a me kāna mau haʻawina ma MIT. Ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka papahana mai kahi leʻaleʻa i ka hana nui a hoʻokahi wale nō o koʻu ola.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Richard i kēia manawa he mea hiki ʻole. Ma hope a ma hope paha, e lanakila ana ke kani kani o ka hacking i nā koi ʻē aʻe. "Ma ka makemakika a me ka physics, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hana i kekahi mea noʻu iho; ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke noʻonoʻo pehea i hana ʻia ai. Ua hoʻohui wale au i nā mea i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole kūpono iaʻu. Ma ka papahana, ua hoʻomaopopo koke wau i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hou, a ʻo ka mea nui e ʻike koke ʻoe i ka hana a me ka pono. Hāʻawi ia i ka hauʻoli nui, a makemake ʻoe e papahana hou a hou.
ʻAʻole ʻo Stallman ka mea mua e hoʻopili i ka hacking me ka hauʻoli nui. Nui nō hoʻi nā mea hackers AI Lab i haʻalele ʻia i nā haʻawina i haʻalele ʻia a me nā degere hapalua i ka makemakika a i ʻole ka ʻenekini uila - no ka mea, ua pau nā manaʻo hoʻonaʻauao āpau i ka hauʻoli maʻemaʻe o ka papahana. 'Ōlelo lākouʻo Thomas Aquinas, ma o kāna mau haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao o ka scholasticism, ua laweʻo ia iā ia iho i nā hihiʻo a me ka manaʻo o ke Akua. Ua hōʻea ka poʻe hackers i nā mokuʻāina like ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka euphoria unearthly ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i nā kaʻina virtual no nā hola he nui. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i pale aku ai ʻo Stallman a me ka hapa nui o ka poʻe hackers i nā lāʻau lapaʻau - ma hope o iwakālua mau hola o ka hacking, me he mea lā ua kiʻekiʻe lākou.
Source: linux.org.ru