Me he mea lā ʻo Homer me kāna mau mele he mea mamao, kahiko, paʻakikī ke heluhelu a naʻaupō. Akā ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo kēlā. Hoʻopiha ʻia mākou a pau me Homer, ka moʻomeheu Helene kahiko kahi i puka mai ai ʻo ʻEulopa a pau: ua piha kā mākou ʻōlelo i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā puʻupuʻu mai nā palapala Helene kahiko: e lawe, no ka laʻana, nā ʻōlelo e like me "Homeric laugh", "kaua o nā akua" , "Achilles' heel", "apple of discord" a me kā mākou kama'āina: "Trojan horse". ʻO kēia nā mea a pau mai Homer mai. Aʻaʻohe pono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mana o ka moʻomeheu Helene, ka'ōlelo a ka Helene (ʻaʻole iʻike ka poʻe Helene i ka hua'ōlelo "Greece" aʻaʻole i kapa iā lākou iho; ua hele mai kēia ethnonym iā mākou mai nā Roma mai). ʻO ke kula, ke kula, ka hale haʻuki, ke akeakamai, ka physics (metaphysics) a me ka makemakika, ka ʻenehana... ka hīmeni, ke kahua, ke kīkā, ka mea uʻi - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke papa inoa i nā mea āpau - he mau huaʻōlelo Helene kahiko kēia. ʻAʻole anei ʻoe i ʻike?
...
Ua'ōleloʻia hoʻi,ʻo ka Helene ka mea mua i hana i ke kālā ma keʻano o nā'āpana i hanaʻia ...ʻO ka pī'āpā e like me kā mākou iʻike ai. ʻO ke kālā mua i hanaʻia mai kahi huila maoli o ke kālā a me ke gula, i kapaʻia e electr (hello to electronic money from the past). He mau leo leo ko ka alphabet, etc. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā leo a pau o kahi huaʻōlelo i ka wā e kākau ai, he mea kānalua ia he mea Helene, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo nei i nā kūpuna o ka poʻe Phoenicians (he poʻe Simite i noho ma ka ʻāina o Suria a me ka ʻIseraʻela hou), ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā vowel. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ua hele pololei mai ka huapalapala Latina mai ka Helene mai, e like me ka Slavic. Akā ʻo nā alphabets hope o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa Komohana he mau huaʻōlelo o ka Latin. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻo kā mākou huapalapala Cyrillic ma kahi like me ka alphabet Latin... A pehea ka nui o ka Helene ma ka ʻepekema a me ka palapala? Iambic, trochee, muse, lyre, poetry, stanza, Pegasus and Parnassus. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "poet", "poetry", hope loa - ʻike ʻia lākou a pau i hea lākou i hele mai ai. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke papa inoa iā lākou a pau! Akā ʻo ke poʻo o kaʻu kikokikona e hāʻawi aku i ka pathos (he ʻōlelo Helene kahiko) o kaʻu "ʻike." A no laila, e paʻa wau i kaʻu mau lio a neʻe aku i Namely, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei au ʻo ka opensource mua (pēia, e hoʻohui wau) me ka git i ʻike ʻia i ka wā ma mua: ma Helene kahiko (ʻoi aku ka pololei ma Helene kahiko kahiko) a me ka ʻelele kaulana loa ʻO kēia hanana ka Homer nui kaulana.
ʻAe, ua pau ka hoʻolauna ʻana, i kēia manawa e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā mea a pau. Hōʻole: E hāʻawi wau i nā manaʻo kumu o nā huaʻōlelo Helene i luna ma ka hope o ka kikokikona (ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ma nā wahi) - no ka poʻe heluhelu i kēia kikokikona a hiki i ka hopena. No laila, e hele kāua!
Homer.
ʻO nā mele o ka Homer nui ka mea maʻamau i ka hopena o ka 3th - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX BC, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka kēia mau kikokikona e puka koke ma hope o nā hanana i wehewehe ʻia i loko o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o ke kenekulia XNUMX BC. ʻO ia hoʻi, aia lākou ma kahi o XNUMX tausani makahiki. ʻO ka "Iliad" a me "Odyssey", "Homeric Hymns" a me kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe i pili pono iā Homer, e like me nā mele "Margit" a me "Batrachomyomachy" (he parody satirical o ka "Iliad", i unuhi maoli ʻia. e like me "The War of the Mice and Frogs" (Machia - hakakā, puhi, mis - mouse) Wahi a ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻo nā hana mua ʻelua wale nō na Homer, ʻo ke koena, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui, e pili ana iā ia (no ke aha wau e makemake ai. e haʻi ma lalo), e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Iliad wale nō ʻo Homer ... ma ke ʻano nui, hoʻomau ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, akā hoʻokahi mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa - ʻo Homer maoli nō a ʻo nā hanana āna i wehewehe ai i hana pololei ʻia ma nā paia o Troy (ka inoa ʻelua o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ilion, no laila ka "Iliad")
Pehea mākou e ʻike ai i kēia? I ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻo Heinrich Schliemann, he Kelemania i loaʻa ka waiwai nui ma Rūsia, ua ʻike ʻo ia i kāna moeʻuhane kahiko: ua loaʻa a ʻeli ʻo ia iā Troy ma ka ʻāina o Tureke hou, e hoʻohuli maoli ana i nā manaʻo mua e pili ana i kēlā mau manawa a me nā kikokikona. keia kumuhana. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā hanana Trojan, ka mea i hoʻomaka me ka lele ʻana o ka Helen nani me ke aliʻi Trojan Paris (Alexander) i Troy, he moʻolelo wale nō, ʻoiai no ka poʻe Helene kahiko, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia nā hanana i wehewehe ʻia i loko o nā mele. e lilo i mea kahiko loa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wale nā pā o Troy i ʻeli ʻia a loaʻa nā mea gula kahiko loa o ia manawa (aia lākou i loko o ka lehulehu ma ka Tretyakov Gallery), ma hope o nā papa pālolo o ka mokuʻāina Heta kahiko, ʻo Troy kokoke, ua ʻike ʻia. Ua loaʻa nā inoa kaulana: Agamemnon, Menelaus, Alexander... No laila ua lilo nā mea kākau moʻolelo i ka mōʻaukala e like me kēia mau papa i hōʻike ʻia i ka diplomatic a me ke kālā maoli o ka moku Heta ikaika. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole ma Teroa ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hoʻi ma Hellas (he ʻakaʻaka, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia huaʻōlelo i kēlā mau manawa lōʻihi) ʻaʻohe palapala i kēlā manawa. ʻO kēia ka mea i hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kā mākou kumuhana.
No laila, ʻo Homer. He aed ʻo Homer - ʻo ia hoʻi, he mele auwana i kāna mau mele (aed - he mele). ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi i hānau ʻia ai a pehea i make ai. No ka mea i ka wā kahiko ʻaʻole i emi iho ma lalo o ʻehiku mau kūlanakauhale ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke Kai Aegean i hakakā no ka pono e kapa ʻia ʻo ka homeland o Homer, a me kahi o kona make ʻana: Semurana, Kios, Pylos, Samos, ʻAtenai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻo Homer he inoa kūpono, akā he inoa inoa. Mai ka wā kahiko mai, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano he "hostage". Malia paha, ʻo ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i ka wā i hānau ai ʻo Melesigen, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hānau ʻia e Melesius, akā ʻaʻole maopopo kēia. I ka wā kahiko, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Homer penei: Poet (Poetes). Pono me kahi leka nui, i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻatikala pili. A hoʻomaopopo nā mea a pau i kā mākou e kamaʻilio nei. Poetes - 'o ia ho'i "mea hana" - kekahi hua'ōlelo Helene kahiko no kā mākou hō'ili'ili.
Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Homer (Omir ma Old Russian) he makapō a ʻelemakule, akā ʻaʻohe hōʻike o kēia. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻo Homer iā ia iho ma kāna mau mele, ʻaʻole hoʻi i wehewehe ʻia e kona mau hoa kahiko (ka haku mele ʻo Hesiod, no ka laʻana). Ma nā ʻano he nui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia manaʻo ma ka wehewehe ʻana o nā Aeds i kāna "Odyssey": nā ʻelemakule kahiko, makapō, hina hina i ko lākou mau makahiki e emi ana, a me ka haʻalele nui ʻana o ka poʻe makapō o ia manawa i ka poʻe mele auwana. no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i ka makapō ke hana, a ʻo ka hoʻomaha ʻana he mea ia o ka wā ma mua.
E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ʻaʻohe palapala a ka poʻe Helene i kēlā mau lā, a inā mākou e manaʻo he makapō a ʻike hapa paha ka hapa nui o ka poʻe Aedes (ʻaʻole i haku ʻia nā makaaniani), a laila ʻaʻole pono lākou no ia mea, no laila. Ua hīmeni ʻo Aed i kāna mau mele me ka hoʻomanaʻo wale ʻana.
Ua like me keia. ʻO ka ʻelemakule hele wale, ʻo ia wale nō a me kahi haumāna (alakaʻi), neʻe mai kekahi kūlanakauhale a i kekahi, kahi i hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia e nā kamaʻāina kūloko: ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ke aliʻi iā ia iho (basileus) a i ʻole he aliʻi waiwai i ko lākou mau home. I ke ahiahi, ma kahi pāʻina maʻamau a ma kahi hanana kūikawā paha - he symposium (symposium - ʻahaʻaina, inu, pāʻina), hoʻomaka ka aed e hīmeni i kāna mau mele a hana i kēia a hiki i ka pō. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia me ka hoʻokani pila ʻehā (ka progenitor o ka lira a me ka cithara hope), hīmeni e pili ana i nā akua a me ko lākou ola, e pili ana i nā koa a me nā hana, e pili ana i nā mōʻī kahiko a me nā hanana e pili pono ana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe, no ka mea, ʻoiaʻiʻo lākou a pau. i manao ia lakou iho he mamo ponoi na ka poe i oleloia ma keia mau mele. A he nui na mele o ia ano. Ua hiki mai ka "Iliad" a me "Odyssey" a pau iā mākou, akā ua ʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā hanana ma Troy he holo holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa (ʻo ka pōʻai i ko mākou manaʻo, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā Helene ka leka "c", akā mākou. he nui nā huaʻōlelo Helene cyclops, cyclops, Cynics hele mai ma ka ʻano Latinized: cycle, cyclops, cynic) mai ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 mau mele. Pīhoihoi paha ʻoe, e ka mea heluhelu, akā ʻaʻohe wehewehe o ka "Trojan horse" i loko o ka Iliad; ua pau ka mele ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o Ilion. Aʻo mākou e pili ana i ka lio mai ka "Odyssey" a me nā mele ʻē aʻe o ka pōʻai cyclic, ʻoiai mai ka poem "The Death of Ilion" na Arctin. He mea hoihoi loa kēia, akā ʻaʻohe mea pili i ke kumuhana a lawe aku i ke kumuhana, no laila ke kamaʻilio wale nei wau e pili ana i ia mea.
ʻAe, kapa mākou i ka Iliad he mele, akā he mele ia (ke kapa ʻia kona mau mokuna he mele a hiki i kēia lā). ʻAʻole i heluhelu ʻo Aed, akā hīmeni ʻo ia i nā leo o nā kaula pipi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka iwi ʻoi - a plectrum - ma ke ʻano he uwao (kekahi aloha mai ka wā kahiko), a me ka poʻe hoʻolohe enchanted, me ka ʻike pono i ka outline o nā hanana i wehewehe ʻia. ʻono i nā kikoʻī.
He poem nui loa ka Iliad a me ka Odyssey. ʻOi aku ma mua o 15 tausani a ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 tausani mau laina. A pela lakou i mele ai no na ahiahi he nui. Ua like loa me ka moʻo TV hou. I ke ahiahi, ua ʻākoakoa hou ka poʻe hoʻolohe a puni ka aed me ka hanu ʻana, a ma kekahi mau wahi me ka waimaka a me ka ʻakaʻaka, hoʻolohe i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā moʻolelo i mele ʻia i nehinei. ʻO ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka hoihoi o ka moʻo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka poʻe e pili ana iā ia. No laila ua noho a hānai ʻia ka poʻe ʻAeds me kā lākou poʻe hoʻolohe i ko lākou hoʻolohe ʻana i kā lākou mau mele lōʻihi.
"ʻO ka ʻohi ao ʻo Zeus Kronid, ka haku ma luna o nā mea a pau, ua wela kona ʻūhā.
A laila noho lākou i kahi ʻahaʻaina waiwai ... a hauʻoli.
Ua hīmeni ka mea mele akua ma lalo o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ʻo Demodocus, mahalo ʻia e nā kānaka a pau. "
Homer. "Odyssey"
No laila, ʻo ka manawa kēia e hele pololei ai i ke kiko. Loaʻa iā mākou ka hana a ka ʻAeds, ʻo ka ʻAeds ponoʻī, nā mele lōʻihi loa a me nā mele a me ka ʻole o ke kākau ʻana. Pehea i hiki mai ai kēia mau mele mai ke kenekulia XNUMX BC?
Akā ʻo ka mea mua, aia kekahi kikoʻī koʻikoʻi. 'Ōlelo mākou i nā "poems" no ka mea he poetic kā lākou kikokikona, pauku (ʻo ka paukū kekahi hua'ōlelo Helene kahiko 'o ia hoʻi "hoʻonohonoho")
Wahi a ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wā kahiko, ka mea hoʻonaʻauao o ka Russian Academy of Science Igor Evgenievich Surikov: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka poetry a hāʻawi ʻia mai kēlā hanauna i kēia hanauna. "E hoʻāʻo e hoʻopaʻanaʻau i ka prosa, ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi ʻāpana, akā poʻomanaʻo - hiki iaʻu ke hana hou i kekahi mau mele aʻu i aʻo ai ma ke kula," haʻi mai ʻo ia iā mākou. A he oiaio. Hoʻomanaʻo kēlā me kēia o mākou i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā laina mele (a i ʻole poʻi), a he kakaikahi ka poʻe e hoʻomanaʻo i kahi pauku piha i lawe ʻia mai ka prose.
ʻAʻole hoʻohana ka poʻe Helene kahiko i ka rhyme, ʻoiai ua ʻike lākou. ʻO ke kumu o ka poetry he mele, kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai nā syllables lōʻihi a lōʻihi i hoʻokumu ʻia nā mika poetika: iabm, trochee, dactyl, amphibrachium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (ʻaneʻane kahi papa inoa piha o nā mika mele o nā mele o kēia wā). Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau nui i ka poʻe Helene. Ua ʻike lākou i ka mele akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana. Akā ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻano mele mele e nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole: trochae, spondee, sapphic verse, Alcaean stanza a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hexameter kaulana. ʻO kaʻu mika punahele ʻo iambic trimeter. (ʻakaʻaka) ʻO ka mika ke ana. Hoʻokahi ʻōlelo hou i kā mākou ʻohi.
ʻO ka Hexameter kahi mika mele no nā mele (khimnos - pule i nā akua) a me nā mele epic e like me ka Homer. Hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana iā ia no ka manawa lōʻihi, e ʻōlelo wale wau he nui, a ma hope aku, me ka poʻe haku mele Roma, i kākau i ka hexameter, no ka laʻana ʻo Virgil i kāna "Aeneid" - kahi mele hoʻohālike o ka "Odyssey", kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka poʻe. ʻO ka mea nui i holo ʻo Aeneas mai ka Troy i luku ʻia i kona ʻāina hou - ʻo Italia.
“Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia - a lilo ia i mea ʻawaʻawa no Pelid: he puʻuwai ikaika
I loko o ka umauma huluhulu o ka meʻe, ua uluhua nā manaʻo ma waena o lāua.
A i ʻole, e haehae koke i ka pahi kaua mai ka waha,
E hoʻopuehu i ka poʻe āna e hālāwai ai a pepehi i ka haku ʻo Atrid;
A i ʻole e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka huhū, e kāohi i ka ʻuhane kaumaha ... "
Homer. “The Iliad” (unuhi ʻia e Gnedich)
E like me kaʻu i manaʻo ai ua haʻi mua wau, ua hoʻomaka nā Aeds e hoʻonani i nā hanana o ka Trojan War kokoke koke i kona pau ʻana. No laila i loko o "The Odyssey" ke poʻo poʻo inoa, e kaʻawale ana mai ka home, i ka ʻumi o ka makahiki o kona auwana ʻana, lohe ʻo ia i ke mele a Aeda e pili ana iā ia iho a hoʻomaka e uē, e hūnā ana i kona mau waimaka mai nā mea a pau ma lalo o kona ʻaʻahu.
No laila, ua ʻike ʻia nā mele i ke kenekulia 200, hīmeni ʻo Homer i kāna "Iliad" i ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua kākau ʻia kāna kikokikona canonical ma hope o XNUMX mau makahiki ma hope, i ke kenekulia XNUMX BC ma ʻAtenai ma lalo o ka mana hoʻomāinoino ʻo Peisistratus. Pehea i puka mai ai kēia mau kikokikona a hiki mai iā mākou? A penei ka pane: Ua hoʻololi kēlā me kēia AED i ke kumu kumu o nā mea kākau mua, a ua "hoʻokuʻu" pinepine i nā mele a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a hana i kēia ma ke ʻano he kumu, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia he mea maʻamau. ʻAʻole i loaʻa wale ke kuleana kope i kēlā mau lā, pinepine a nui aʻe ma hope, me ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kākau ʻana, "hoʻohuli ʻia ke kuleana kope" i ka hopena: i ka wā i kākau ai kahi mea kākau liʻiliʻi i kāna mau hana me ka inoa nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole me ke kumu ʻole. , ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hōʻoia i ka holomua o kāna hana.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Git, no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā code kumu, e nā haumāna a me nā mea hoʻolohe o ka Aeds, ka mea i lilo i poʻe mele ma hope, a me nā hoʻokūkū o nā Aeds, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa a hiki iā lākou ke lohe kekahi i kekahi. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia kekahi manaʻo ua hiki mua ʻo Homer lāua ʻo Hesiod i ka hopena hope o ka poʻe haku mele, a he mea kupanaha, ua loaʻa iā Hesiod ka wahi mua ma ka manaʻo o nā luna kānāwai he nui. (no ke aha wau e haʻalele ai ma ʻaneʻi)
ʻO kēlā me kēia hana a Aed o kāna mele, ʻaʻole ia he hana hoʻokani wale nō, akā he mea hana noʻonoʻo nō hoʻi: i kēlā me kēia manawa i haku ʻo ia i kāna mele me he mea lā he mea hou mai ka pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa o nā poloka a me nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. hōʻaiʻē, hoʻoliʻi a hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana o ka "code" "" ma ka lele." Ma ka manawa like, ʻoiai ua ʻike nui ʻia nā hanana a me nā kānaka e ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ua hana ʻo ia i kēia ma muli o kekahi "core" a, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui ʻole, ma kahi dialect poetic kūikawā - he ʻōlelo papahana, e like me kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai i kēia manawa. E noʻonoʻo wale i ke ʻano o kēia me ke code hou: nā mea hoʻololi hoʻokomo, nā poloka kūlana a me nā puka lou, nā hanana, nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike, a me kēia mau mea a pau ma kahi ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa i ʻokoʻa i ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo! Ma hope o ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi loa a ma hope o nā kenekulia, ua kākau ʻia nā mele mele like ʻole ma kā lākou mau ʻōlelo kūikawā (Ionian, Aeolian, Dorian), me ka nānā ʻole i kahi o ka mea kākau! Ma ka hahai wale ʻana i nā koi "code"!
No laila, ua hānau ʻia kahi kikokikona canonical mai nā hōʻaiʻē mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻIke loa, ua ʻaiʻē ʻo Homer iā ia iho, akā ʻaʻole like me ka poʻe i poina (ʻo Letha kekahi o nā muliwai o ka lua o Hades, i hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka poina), ua hana ʻo ia me ka nani, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i hoʻokahi mele mai nā mea he nui, e hana ana i kahi paʻa, mālamalama, noʻonoʻo a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke ʻano a me ke koho ʻike. A i ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kona inoa a ua pani ʻia e nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke akamai o kāna "text," i hoʻopaʻanaʻau ʻia e nā hanauna o ka poʻe mele ma hope ona (ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ia, akā i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi), i hoʻopaʻa i kona wahi i ka mōʻaukala. Ma kēia mea, ua lilo ʻo Homer i kahi kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, kahi maʻamau, ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike, he "core" monolithic o ka kaiaola holoʻokoʻa o nā mele, e like me nā ʻepekema, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i kāna canonization i kākau ʻia ma ka mana kokoke loa i ka kumu. A me he mea la he oiaio keia. He mea kupanaha ka nani o kāna kikokikona! A pehea e ʻike ʻia ai e ka mea heluhelu mākaukau. ʻAʻole no ka mea ʻole ʻo Pushkin lāua ʻo Tolstoy i mahalo iā Homer, a pehea hoʻi ʻo Tolstoy, ʻaʻole ʻo Alexander the Great iā ia iho i hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōwili o ka Iliad no hoʻokahi lā i kona ola ʻana - he hana i kākau ʻia ma ka mōʻaukala.
Ua ʻōlelo wau ma luna o ka pōʻai Trojan, aia kekahi mau hana e hōʻike ana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi hanana o ke Kaua Trojan. ʻO kekahi hapa, he mau "māka" kēia o ka "Iliad" a Homer, i kākau ʻia i ka hexameter a hoʻopiha i nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka "Iliad". ʻAʻole i hiki mai lākou a pau iā mākou, a i ʻole i hōʻea wale mai iā mākou i nā ʻāpana. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo o ka mōʻaukala - ʻoiai, ua haʻahaʻa loa lākou iā Homer a ʻaʻole i laha loa i waena o ka lehulehu.
E hōʻuluʻulu au. ʻO kekahi ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi o nā mele, nā ʻano kumu i haku ʻia ai lākou, ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hāʻawi ʻana a, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ko lākou wehe ʻana i nā hoʻololi mau e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe - ʻo ia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei i kēia manawa open source - ua ala mai i ka wanaʻao o kā mākou moʻomeheu. Ma ke kahua o ka mea kākau a ma ka manawa like pūʻulu hana. He mea oiaio. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā mea a mākou e manaʻo nei he ʻokiʻoki i nā kenekulia i hala. A ʻo nā mea a mākou e manaʻo ai he mea hou paha i loaʻa ma mua. Ma kēia mea, hoʻomanaʻo mākou i nā ʻōlelo mai ka Baibala mai, mai ka Ecclesiastes (i pili iā Solomona ke aliʻi):
"Ua hiki mai kekahi mea a lākou e ʻōlelo nei:" E nānā, he mea hou kēia, "akā, aia i nā kenekulia ma mua o mākou. ʻAʻohe hoʻomanaʻo o ka wā i hala; a ʻaʻole hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka mea e hiki mai ana no ka poʻe e hiki mai ana ma hope. ”…
hope o ka Māhele 1
Kula (schola) - hoʻokipa, manawa kaʻawale.
Academy - he ulu lāʻau kokoke i ʻAtenai, kahi o ke kula noʻeau o Plato
Gymnasium (gymnos - olohelohe) - nā gymnasiums he hale haʻuki no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino. I loko o ia mau mea, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻōlohelohe nā keikikāne. No laila nā huaʻōlelo me ke kumu hoʻokahi: gymnastics, gymnast.
ʻO Philosophy (phil - aloha, sophia - naʻauao) ke aliʻi wahine o ka ʻepekema.
Physics (physics - nature) - ke aʻo ʻana i ke ao honua, ke ʻano
Metaphysics - 'ōlelo maoli "Ma waho o ke ʻano." ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo Aristotle i kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke akua a kapa ʻia ka hana: "ʻAʻole kūlohelohe."
Makemakika (makemakika - haʻawina) - haʻawina
ʻenehana (tehne - craft) ma Helene - nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā kiʻi kiʻi, e like me nā mea hana i nā ipu lepo, he poʻe ʻenehana a me nā mea hana. No laila ka "mea hana kiʻi"
Hula mua ʻia ʻo Chorus. (no laila ka choreography). Ma hope mai, ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ka hula me ka hīmeni ʻana o nā mea he nui, ua hīmeni ʻia ka papa himeni me nā leo lehulehu.
Stage (skena) - he hale lole no ka hoʻololi lole no nā mea pena. Ua kū ʻo ia i waenakonu o ka hale hōʻikeʻike.
Guitar - mai ka Helene kahiko "kithara", he mea kani kani.
Source: www.habr.com