Nā Wahi a kahi noiʻi hou ʻo Gallup, ua piʻi ʻekolu ka nui o nā Lūkini e makemake ana e neʻe i kahi ʻāina ʻē i nā makahiki he 11 i hala. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia poʻe (44%) aia ma lalo o 29 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, e like me ka helu, ʻo ʻAmelika ka hilinaʻi i waena o nā ʻāina i makemake nui ʻia no ka neʻe ʻana ma waena o nā Lūkini.
No laila, ua hoʻoholo wau e hōʻiliʻili i hoʻokahi ʻikepili waiwai e pili ana i nā ʻano visa i kūpono i nā loea IT (mea hoʻolālā, mea kūʻai aku, etc.) a me nā ʻoihana, a hoʻohui pū iā lākou me nā loulou i nā lawelawe pono no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā hihia maoli o nā hoa pili. ua hiki ke hele ma keia ala.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano visa
No ka poʻe loea IT a me nā ʻoihana, ʻekolu mau ʻano visa hana maikaʻi loa:
- H1B - he visa hana maʻamau, i loaʻa i nā limahana i loaʻa kahi hāʻawi mai kahi hui ʻAmelika.
- L1 - visa no ka hoʻoili intra-corporate o nā limahana o nā hui honua. ʻO kēia ke ala e neʻe ai nā limahana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai nā keʻena o kahi hui ʻAmelika ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
- O1 - he visa no nā loea kūikawā ma kā lākou kahua.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau koho kona mau pono a me nā pōʻino.
H1B: kōkua limahana a me nā helu
Pono ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ke kamaʻāina ʻAmelika a i ʻole ka noho paʻa ʻana i kahi visa kūikawā - H1B - e hana ma kēia ʻāina. Kākoʻo ʻia kāna loaʻa e ka mea hana - pono ʻo ia e hoʻomākaukau i kahi pūʻulu o nā palapala a uku i nā uku like ʻole.
Maikaʻi nā mea āpau ma ʻaneʻi no ka limahana - uku ka hui i nā mea āpau, maʻalahi loa. Aia kekahi mau pūnaewele kūikawā, e like me ka punawai , me ke kōkua e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hui e kono ikaika nei i nā limahana ma kahi visa H1B.
ʻO nā mea kākoʻo visa 20 kiʻekiʻe e like me ka ʻikepili 2019
Akā aia hoʻokahi drawback - ʻaʻole hiki i nā poʻe a pau i loaʻa kahi hāʻawi mai kahi hui ʻAmelika e hiki koke mai i ka hana.
Loaʻa nā visa H1B i nā quota e hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka quota no ka makahiki kālā 2019 i kēia manawa he 65 tausani visa wale nō. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki i hala, ua waiho ʻia nā palapala noi 199 tausani no ka loaʻa ʻana. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea noi ma mua o nā visa i hoʻopuka ʻia, no laila mālama ʻia ka loteri ma waena o nā mea noi. ʻIke ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ka manawa e lanakila ai ʻo 1 i XNUMX.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka visa a me ka uku ʻana i nā uku āpau e uku i ka mea hana ma kahi o $10 ma kahi o ka uku ʻana i nā uku. No laila pono ʻoe e lilo i kālena waiwai nui no ka ʻoihana e hoʻoikaika nui a pilikia ʻole ʻoe e ʻike ʻole i ka limahana ma ka ʻāina ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana i ka h000B lottery.
L1 visa
ʻO kekahi mau hui nui ʻAmelika me nā keʻena ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e kāpae i nā palena visa H1B ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā visa L. Aia nā ʻano subtypes o kēia visa - ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi o lākou no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā luna kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo kekahi no ka lawe ʻana i nā limahana akamai (kūikawā. nā limahana ʻike) i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, i hiki ke neʻe i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa me ka ʻole o nā quotas a i ʻole lottery, pono ka limahana e hana ma kahi keʻena ʻē no ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Hoʻohana nā ʻoihana e like me Google, Facebook a me Dropbox i kēia hoʻolālā e lawe i nā loea akamai. Eia kekahi laʻana, kahi papahana maʻamau kahi e hana ai kekahi limahana no kekahi manawa ma kahi keʻena ma Dublin, Ireland, a laila neʻe wale i Kapalakiko.
Ua maopopo nā hemahema o kēia koho - pono ʻoe e lilo i limahana waiwai i mea e makemake ai ʻaʻole kahi hoʻomaka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, akā he hui me nā keʻena ma nā ʻāina ʻē. A laila pono ʻoe e hana ma ka ʻāina hoʻokahi no ka manawa lōʻihi, a laila neʻe wale i kahi lua (USA). No ka poʻe ʻohana hiki kēia i kekahi mau pilikia.
Visa O1
Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia ʻano visa no nā poʻe me nā "mana kūikawā" i kā lākou niches. Ma mua, ua hoʻohana hou ʻia e nā poʻe o nā ʻoihana hana a me nā mea pāʻani, akā ma hope ua hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā loea IT a me nā ʻoihana.
I mea e hoʻoholo ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka exclusivity a me ke ʻano kupaianaha o ka mea noi, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau helu e pono ai ʻo ia e hāʻawi i nā hōʻike. No laila, eia ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e kiʻi i kahi visa O1:
- nā makana ʻoihana a me nā makana;
- ke komo ʻana i nā hui ʻoihana e ʻae i nā loea kūikawā (a ʻaʻole nā mea a pau e hiki ke uku i ka uku lālā);
- nā lanakila ma nā hoʻokūkū ʻoihana;
- ke komo ʻana ma ke ʻano he lālā jure i nā hoʻokūkū ʻoihana (mana maopopo no ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana a nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe);
- ʻōlelo i loko o ka pāpaho (nā wehewehe ʻana i nā papahana, nā nīnauele) a me nā puke ponoʻī i loko o nā puke moʻolelo kūikawā a ʻepekema paha;
- paʻa i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma kahi hui nui;
- ʻae ʻia kekahi hōʻike hou aku.
Ua maopopo no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia visa pono ʻoe e lilo i loea ikaika a hoʻokō i kekahi mau koi mai ka papa inoa ma luna. ʻO nā hemahema o ka visa ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana, ka pono e loaʻa i kahi mea hana nona ka palapala noi e waiho ʻia no kāna noʻonoʻo ʻana, a me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi maʻalahi i nā hana - hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana wale ʻia e ka hui nāna i hoʻouna i ka palapala. palapala noi i ka lawelawe neʻe.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻia no 3 mau makahiki; ʻaʻohe quotas a i ʻole nā palena ʻē aʻe no kāna mau mea paʻa.
ʻO kahi hihia maoli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi visa O1 i wehewehe ʻia ma Habrahabr ma .
Hōʻiliʻiliʻike
Ke hoʻoholo ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka visa e kūpono iā ʻoe, pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau no kāu neʻe. Ma waho aʻe o ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻatikala ma ka Pūnaewele, aia kekahi mau lawelawe e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka ʻike hoihoi. Eia nā mea ʻelua i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ma nā kumu lehulehu:
He lawelawe kūkākūkā e kālele ana i ka pane ʻana i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana i USA. Ke hana maʻalahi nā mea a pau - ma ka pūnaewele hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i nā palapala i hōʻoia ʻia e nā loio me nā wehewehe ʻanuʻu i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano visa like ʻole, a kauoha paha i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ʻikepili i kāu mau nīnau.
Haʻalele ka mea hoʻohana i kahi noi kahi e hōʻike ai i nā nīnau hoihoi (mai nā pilikia me ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano visa i nā pilikia hana, ka holo ʻana i kahi ʻoihana a me nā pilikia o kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hale a me ke kūʻai ʻana i kaʻa). Hiki ke loaʻa nā pane ma ke kelepona wikiō a i ʻole ma ke ʻano kikokikona me nā loulou i nā palapala mana, nā manaʻo mai ka poʻe loea kūpono - mai nā loio visa i nā mea helu a me nā mea kūʻai. Ua koho ʻia kēlā mau loea āpau - loaʻa ka mea hoʻohana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai nā loea i hana mua ai ka hui lawelawe.
Ma waena o nā mea'ē aʻe, hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke kauoha i kahi lawelawe hōʻailona pilikino - e kōkua ka hui papahana e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hoʻokōʻoihana ma ka'ōlelo Lūkini nui a me ka'ōlelo Pelekānia - pono kēia, no ka laʻana, no ka loaʻaʻana o ka visa O1 i ho'ākākaʻia ma luna nei.
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ʻO kekahi lawelawe ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hana ana ma kahi kumu hoʻohālike ʻokoʻa. He kahua ia e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke loaʻa a kūkākūkā i nā expats mai nā ʻāina like ʻole a me nā kūlanakauhale.
Ma hope o ke koho ʻana i ka ʻāina makemake a me ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana (visa hana, aʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), hōʻike ka ʻōnaehana i kahi papa inoa o nā poʻe i neʻe i kēia wahi ma ke ʻano like. Hiki ke uku ʻia nā kūkākūkā a i ʻole manuahi - pili ia i ka makemake o kahi mea aʻoaʻo. Hana ʻia ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana.
Ma waho aʻe o nā lawelawe kūkākūkā i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka poʻe ʻōlelo Lūkini, aia pū kekahi mau kumuwaiwai ʻike honua. Eia nā mea pono loa no ka poʻe loea e noʻonoʻo nei i ka neʻe ʻana:
Hoʻopili ka lawelawe i ka ʻikepili i nā uku ma ka ʻenehana ʻenehana i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hui ʻAmelika. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nui o nā polokalamu polokalamu i uku ʻia ma nā hui nui e like me Amazon, Facebook a i ʻole Uber, a hoʻohālikelike pū i nā uku no nā ʻenekinia ma nā mokuʻāina a me nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole.
Hiki iā Paysa ke hōʻike i nā mākau a me nā ʻenehana maikaʻi loa. Hiki ke ʻike i nā uku awelika o nā haumāna puka mai nā kula like ʻole - he hiʻohiʻona pono no ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo ana e aʻo i ka USA me ka manaʻo e kūkulu i kahi ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka hopena: 5 mau ʻatikala me nā hiʻohiʻona maoli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā loea a me nā ʻoihana
ʻO ka hope, ua koho au i kekahi mau ʻatikala i kākau ʻia e ka poʻe i neʻe maoli i ʻAmelika e hana ma laila. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea nā pane i nā nīnau he nui e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano visa like ʻole, ka hele ʻana i nā nīnauele, ka noho ʻana ma kahi hou, a pēlā aku.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā mea hana pono, nā lawelawe, nā ʻatikala, nā loulou i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia i kēia kumuhana, e kaʻana iā lākou i nā manaʻo, e hoʻonui wau i ka mea a kākau paha i kahi mea hou, ʻoi aku.
kikoʻī. Mahalo iā ʻoukou a pau no ko ʻoukou nānā ʻana!
Puna: www.habr.com