ʻO kaʻu hana nui e pili ana i ka ʻikepili a me ka polokalamu ma R, akā ma kēia ʻatikala makemake wau e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kaʻu mea leʻaleʻa, kahi e lawe mai ai i kekahi kālā. Ua hoihoi mau au i ka haʻi ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mea i nā hoaaloha, nā hoa papa a me nā hoa haumāna. He mea maʻalahi nō hoʻi iaʻu ke ʻimi i ka ʻōlelo maʻamau me nā keiki, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu ke kumu. Ma keʻano laulā, manaʻo wau ʻo ka hānai ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā keiki kekahi o nā hana koʻikoʻi o nā hana a pau, a ʻo kaʻu wahine he kumu. No laila, ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻolaha au ma kahi hui Facebook kūloko, hoʻokumu i kahi hui a hoʻomaka wau e aʻo iā Scratch a me Python i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule. I kēia manawa he ʻelima kaʻu mau pūʻulu, kaʻu papa ponoʻī ma ka home a me nā haʻawina pākahi. Pehea wau i hele mai ai e ola i kēia ʻano a pehea wau e aʻo ai i nā keiki, e haʻi wau iā ʻoe ma kēia ʻatikala.
Noho au ma Calgary, Alberta, Kanada, no laila e lilo kekahi mau mea i mea kiko'ī kūloko.
ʻO ke lumi
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahi no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i mea hopohopo nui mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana. Ua ho'āʻo au e ʻimi i nā keʻena a me nā lumi papa no ka hoʻolimalima ʻana ma ka hola, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lanakila. ʻO kā mākou kulanui a me SAIT, ka mea like kūloko o MIT, hāʻawi i nā papa me nā kamepiula ʻole. ʻO nā kumukūʻai ma laila ʻaʻole i kūpono loa, a i ka hopena ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ʻae ke kulanui i nā keiki liʻiliʻi, a ʻo SAIT wale nō ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i kāna mau haumāna ponoʻī. No laila, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia koho. Nui nā keʻena keʻena e hoʻolimalima i nā lumi hālāwai a me nā keʻena i ka hola, aia nā hui holoʻokoʻa e hāʻawi i kahi hui o nā koho mai kahi lumi piha piha i kahi lumi no nā kānaka ʻehā. Ua lana koʻu manaʻolana, ʻoiai he ʻāina ʻaila ʻo Alberta, aia mākou i loko o kahi pilikia lohi mai ka makahiki 2014, a ua nele nā wahi ʻoihana he nui. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻolana; ua lilo nā kumukūʻai i mea huhū loa ʻaʻole wau i manaʻoʻiʻo iā lākou i ka wā mua. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea nona ka noho ʻana ma nā keʻena kaʻawale a uku i nā kumukūʻai ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana.
I kēlā manawa, hoʻomanaʻo wau e uku mau ana au i kaʻu ʻauhau, a inā paha he mea ko ko mākou mokuʻāina aloha, a i ʻole ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Calgary. Ua ʻike ʻia aia nō. He mau pāʻani ko ke kūlanakauhale no ka hockey a me nā haʻuki heʻe kiʻi kiʻi ʻē aʻe, a ma kēia mau kahua he mau keʻena kahi e kūkākūkā ai nā koa hau ʻino i nā hoʻolālā no nā kaua e hiki mai ana. I ka pōkole, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pāʻani nā lumi ʻelua me nā papaʻaina, nā noho, kahi papa keʻokeʻo a hiki i kahi paila me kahi ipu. He akua ke kumu kūʻai - 25 tugriks Kanada i kēlā me kēia hola. Ua hoʻoholo mua wau e hana i nā papa no hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa, no laila ua hoʻonoho wau i ke kumukūʻai no kahi haʻawina ma $35 no kēlā me kēia papa ma kahi hui o ʻelima mau kānaka, e uku i ka hoʻolimalima, a e hoʻokomo i kahi mea i loko o kaʻu ʻeke. Ma keʻano laulā, makemake wau i ka hana ʻana i nā pāʻani, ua hoʻoponopono ia i kekahi o nā pilikia - ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻōlelo Lūkini e noho ana ma ka hema, a ke noho nei au ma ka ʻākau o ke kūlanakauhale, no laila ua koho wau i kahi kahua ma waena. Akā, aia kekahi mau pilikia. He maikaʻi a aloha ka ʻoihana Kanada, akā, ma ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, hiki ke maʻalahi. ʻAʻohe pilikia ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoe i ke mele a hoʻolālā i mua, akā i kekahi manawa e kū mai nā manawa leʻaleʻa. No ka laʻana, ma ka pūnaewele o ke kūlanakauhale hiki iā ʻoe ke koho maʻalahi i kahi manawa a me kahi a mālama i kahi lumi, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke uku, ma kekahi ʻano. Hana lākou i ke kelepona iā lākou iho a ʻae i nā uku kāleka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ke keʻena a uku i ke kālā. He manawa ʻakaʻaka ʻaʻole naʻe i ʻoluʻolu loa i koʻu kali ʻana i kā lākou kelepona ʻana e uku no ka haʻawina ʻelua, ʻaʻole i hiki mai, a i ka lā hope loa ua lohi au i ʻumikumamālima mau minuke i ke keʻena. Pono wau e hoʻokokoke i ka palekana me ka helehelena ʻino a wahaheʻe ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lumi. Lawe mākou nā Kanada i kaʻu ʻōlelo no ia; ua hoʻokuʻu lākou iaʻu me ka mālie a ʻaʻole nānā i kekahi mea, akā ʻaʻole wau e hana inā ʻaʻole i hele ka poʻe i ka papa.
ʻO kēia kaʻu hana i ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai, a laila ua hoʻololi ʻia ka mauʻu hope loa. ʻO ka mea mua, ua pani ʻia ke keʻena i nā malihini a hāʻawi lākou e ʻae i nā uku ma ke kelepona a puni ke kihi. Noho au ma ke alahele no ka hapalua hola ma mua o koʻu hiki ʻana. ʻO ka lua, inā ma mua i lawe koʻu ʻanakē aloha i ka uku mai iaʻu no hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa, i kēia manawa ua pane mai kekahi kaikamahine i ke kelepona a ʻōlelo mai he hoʻokahi hola wale nō ka uku. I kēlā manawa, ʻekolu a ʻelua paha mau kānaka kaʻu hui, a ʻo ka $12.5 ʻaʻole i ʻoi loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he manaʻo noʻonoʻo wau, akā inā kiola kaʻu wahine iaʻu ma ke alanui, a laila ʻaʻohe mea nāna e aʻo. ʻAʻole au i hana i kēlā manawa.
A ua hoʻoholo wau e hele i ka hale waihona puke. Hoʻolimalima nā hale waihona puke i nā lumi nani me ka uku ʻole, akā aia hoʻokahi hopu - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hana pāʻoihana. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā hui aloha e ʻohi kālā ma laila. Ua haʻi ʻia iaʻu ʻaʻole i mālama pono ʻia kēia, ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole e lawe i ke kālā ma ka puka komo, akā ʻaʻole wau makemake i ka uhai ʻana i nā lula. ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻo ia ka noho ʻana o nā lumi a paʻakikī ke alakaʻi i nā papa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma kahi hoʻokahi. Ua aʻo au i loko o nā hale waihona puke i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo mua, pono wau e koho i nā mea me ka hakahaka, a i ka hopena ua hoʻololi au i ʻelima a ʻeono hale waihona puke. A laila hoʻomaka wau e hoʻopaʻa i kahi wahi i ʻelua mahina ma mua, a laila, hiki iaʻu ke hana i kēia i loko o kahi hale waihona puke liʻiliʻi; A laila hoʻoholo wau e hana i kahi papa kamepiula ma ka home. Ua kau au i ka papa, kūʻai aku i ka papa ʻaina ʻelua a me ʻelua mau mea nānā kahiko mai ka hoʻolaha. Ma ka hana, ua kūʻai mai ka hui iaʻu i pona ikaika hou no ka mea ʻo ka nānā ʻana ma kaʻu kamepiula i lawe ʻia ma kahi o 24 mau hola. No laila, ua loaʻa iaʻu he kamepiula kahiko hou, he kamepiula kahiko, he kamepiula kahi i paʻi ai kaʻu keiki liʻiliʻi i ka pale, a he puke netbook kahiko kahi aʻu i haki ai i ka pale iaʻu iho. Ua hoʻohui au iā lākou a pau i nā mākaʻikaʻi a hoʻokomo i ka Linux Mint ma nā wahi āpau, koe wale nō ka netbook, kahi aʻu i hoʻokomo ai i kahi pahu hāʻawi māmā loa, me he mea lā, ʻo Pappy. Loaʻa iaʻu kahi pona kahiko hou, kūʻai ʻia no $200, hoʻopili wau iā ia i ka TV. ʻO ka mea nui hoʻi, ua hoʻololi hou ko mākou haku i kā mākou mau puka makani, a ma kahi o ka ʻinoʻino weliweli o ka lumi, ua loaʻa iā mākou nā papa keʻokeʻo hou. Mālama kaʻu wahine i ka lumi hoʻokipa, ka lumi kuke a me ka lumi moe ʻelua no kahi kindergarten, no laila ua lilo ka papahele holoʻokoʻa i mea hoʻonaʻauao maʻemaʻe. No laila, ua maikaʻi nā mea a pau me ka hale, e neʻe kākou i ke aʻo ʻana.
ʻākala
Ke hoʻomaka nei au e aʻo i nā kumu o ka papahana me ka ʻōlelo Scratch. He ʻōlelo kēia e hoʻohana ana i nā poloka i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, i hana ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma MIT. Ua ʻike mua ka hapa nui o nā keiki iā Scratch ma ke kula, no laila e ʻohi koke lākou iā ia. Aia nā papahana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a me nā hoʻolālā haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole wau makemake loa iā lākou. He mea ʻē kekahi - hana i kāu moʻolelo ponoʻī, no ka laʻana. Aia ka papahana holoʻokoʻa i nā poloka he nui ʻole say '<...>' for 2 seconds. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua hana ʻia e nā poʻe akamai loa, akā me kēia ala hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo pehea e kākau ai i ka code spaghetti Indian maʻamau. Mai kinohi mai, kamaʻilio wau e pili ana i nā loina e like me DRY. He maikaʻi loa nā hōʻiliʻili hana ʻē aʻe, akā hoʻomaopopo koke nā keiki i ke ʻano a hoʻomaka e hana e like me ka pū mīkini. ʻO ka hopena, hana lākou i loko o hoʻokahi haʻawina i ka mea e pono ai lākou e hana i loko o ʻelima. A ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i nā hana he nui ka manawa pilikino. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o Scratch ʻaʻole i kahi ʻōlelo, akā i kahi IDE, kahi e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i kahi e kaomi ai a me kahi e nānā ai. Ke ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o nā haumāna, hoʻāʻo wau e hoʻololi iā lākou i Python. ʻO kaʻu kaikamahine ʻehiku makahiki e kākau i nā papahana maʻalahi ma Python. ʻO kaʻu mea i ʻike ai i ka pōmaikaʻi o Scratch ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā manaʻo kumu i aʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano pāʻani. No kekahi kumu, paʻakikī loa i nā mea a pau, me ka ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa, e hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o kahi loli. I ka wā mua, ʻimi wikiwiki wau i ke kumuhana a neʻe a hiki i koʻu alo ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka mea e hana ai. I kēia manawa ke hoʻolilo nei au i ka manawa nui ma nā mea hoʻololi a hoʻi mau iā lākou. Pono ʻoe e hana i ka hāmare lapuwale. Hoʻololi au i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole ma ka pale a hana iā lākou e ʻōlelo i kā lākou mau waiwai. Loaʻa iā Scratch nā ʻōnaehana mana a me nā loiloi waiwai, e like me while, for ai ole ia, if i ka python. He maʻalahi loa lākou, akā aia nā pilikia me nā nested loops. Ke ho'āʻo nei au e hāʻawi i kekahi mau hana me kahi puana pūnana, a i maopopo ai kāna hana. Ma hope o kēlā neʻe wau i nā hana. ʻOiai no nā mākua, ʻaʻole maopopo ka manaʻo o ka hana, a ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā keiki. Ke hele nei au no ka manawa lōʻihi e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ke kamaʻilio nei wau e pili ana i kahi hale hana e loaʻa ai nā mea ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokomo a hoʻopuka i nā waiwai, e pili ana i kahi kuke e hana ana i ka meaʻai mai nā mea maka. A laila, hana mākou i kahi papahana "hana sandwich" me nā huahana, a laila hana mākou i kahi hana mai loko mai o ia mea, kahi i hoʻoholo ʻia ai nā huahana e like me nā palena. Hoʻopau wau i nā hana aʻo me Scratch.
Python
Me ka python ua maʻalahi nā mea a pau. Aia kekahi puke maikaʻi ʻo Python for Kids, ʻo ia kaʻu e aʻo ai. Aia nā mea āpau ma laila - nā laina, ka hoʻonohonoho o nā hana, print(), input() etc. Kākau ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, me ka ʻakaʻaka, makemake nā keiki. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hemahema maʻamau i nā puke papahana he nui. E like me ka hoʻohenehene kaulana - pehea e huki ai i ka pueo. Oval - pōʻai - pueo. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā manaʻo maʻalahi i nā manaʻo paʻakikī. Lawe iaʻu i mau kau e hoʻopili i ka mea i ke ʻano kiko. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wau e wikiwiki, e hana hou wau i ka mea like ma nā ʻano like ʻole a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi e hui pū kekahi kiʻi. Hoʻomaka wau me nā mea hoʻololi a hoʻokuʻi hou iā lākou, i kēia manawa ma Python. He ʻano hōʻino nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO kahi haumāna akamai, nāna i kaomi maʻalahi i nā mea hoʻololi ma Skratch i kekahi mau mahina i hala, ua like ia me ka hipa kāne ma ka puka hou a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui i ka X me ka Y, i kākau ʻia ma ka papa i kahi laina ma luna. Haʻi hou mākou! He aha ka mea hoʻololi? Ka inoa a me ka manaʻo! He aha ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona like? Haʻawina! Pehea mākou e nānā ai i ke kaulike? Hōʻailona like pālua! A ke hana hou nei makou i keia a hiki i ka malamalama piha. A laila neʻe mākou i nā hana, kahi e lōʻihi ai ka wehewehe ʻana e pili ana i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Kapa ʻia nā manaʻo, ma ke kūlana, ma ka paʻamau, a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole mākou i hiki i nā papa ma kekahi hui. Ma waho aʻe o Python, aʻo mākou i nā algorithm kaulana mai ka puke, ʻoi aku ma hope.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kaʻu haʻawina penei: Hāʻawi wau i ke kumumanaʻo no ka hapalua hola, hoʻāʻo i ka ʻike, a hoʻohui i nā mea i aʻo ʻia. ʻO ka manawa kēia no nā labs. Lawe pinepine au a kamaʻilio a hiki i hoʻokahi hola, a laila he hapalua hola i koe no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. I koʻu aʻo ʻana i ka python, nānā au i ka papa Algorithms a me ka ʻIkepili Hoʻonohonoho Khiryanov mai MIPT. Ua makemake nui au i kāna hōʻike a me ke ʻano o kāna mau haʻiʻōlelo. ʻO kēia kona manaʻo: nā frameworks, syntax, nā hale waihona puke e lilo ana i mea kahiko. Hoʻolālā, hana hui, ʻōnaehana mana mana - ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaka. ʻO ka hopena, e mau ana nā algorithms a me nā hoʻonohonoho ʻikepili i ʻike ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi a e mau mau ana i kahi ʻano like. Hoʻomanaʻo wale wau i nā helu helu mai ka institute pascal. No ka mea he ʻōpio ka nui o kaʻu mau haumāna, mai ʻehiku a ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au he mea nui i ko lākou wā e hiki mai ana ke kau i nā kumu ma mua o ka kākau wikiwiki ʻana i kahi pāʻani platform ma Python. ʻOiai, makemake lākou i kahi platformer hou aʻe, a maopopo wau iā lākou. Hāʻawi wau iā lākou i nā algorithms maʻalahi - he bubble, huli binary i kahi papa inoa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, hoʻohuli i ka notation Polish me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi waihona, akā ke nānā nei mākou i kēlā me kēia me nā kikoʻī nui. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ʻike nā keiki hou i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kahi kamepiula, e haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe. Ho'āʻo wau e hoʻopaʻa i kekahi mau manaʻo i kēlā me kēia haʻiʻōlelo. No ka laʻana, he kamepiula - hoʻomanaʻo/pakeneka - hoʻomanaʻo i hana ʻia me nā cell (e ʻae wau iā ʻoe e paʻa i ka chip memory, e koho i ka nui o nā cell i loaʻa) - ua like kēlā me kēia kelepona me kahi ʻōpuʻu kukui - aia ʻelua mau mokuʻāina - ʻoiaʻiʻo/hewa. - a/a i ʻole - binary/decimal - 8bit = 1 byte - byte = 256 mau koho - ʻano ʻikepili logical ma hoʻokahi bit - integers ma hoʻokahi byte - float ma ʻelua bytes - string ma hoʻokahi byte - ka helu nui loa ma 64 bits - he papa inoa a me kahi tuple mai nā ʻano mua. Hana wau i kahi hoʻopaʻa i loko o kahi kamepiula maoli he ʻano ʻokoʻa nā mea āpau a ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo no kēia mau ʻano ʻikepili, akā ʻo ka mea nui ʻo mākou iho i ke kaʻina hana i nā ʻano ʻikepili paʻakikī mai nā mea maʻalahi. ʻO nā ʻano ʻikepili paha ka mea paʻakikī loa e hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻomaka ai au i kēlā me kēia haʻawina me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wikiwiki - ua kapa kekahi haumāna i ke ʻano ʻikepili, hāʻawi ka mea aʻe i ʻelua mau laʻana, a pēlā aku ma ka pōʻai. ʻO ka hopena, ua loaʻa iaʻu ua hoʻōho ʻoliʻoli nā keiki ʻōpio - lana! boolean! ʻehiku, ʻelima! pizza, kaʻa! I ka wā o ka haʻiʻōlelo, huki mau au i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi, i ʻole e hoʻomaka koke lākou e ʻohi i ko lākou ihu a nānā i ke kaupaku. A pono e nānā ʻia ka pae o ka ʻike o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēlā me kēia manawa.
ʻAʻole hoʻopau kaʻu mau haumāna i ka pīhoihoi iaʻu, me kā lākou naʻaupō a me ka naʻauao ʻole. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka pinepine me ka naʻauao.
Makemake au e kākau hou aʻe, akā, ua lilo ia i pepa wale nō. E hauʻoli wau e pane i nā nīnau a pau. Hoʻokipa wau i nā ʻōlelo hoʻohewa ma nā ʻano āpau, ke noi wale aku nei au iā ʻoe e hoʻomanawanui i kekahi i kekahi ma nā ʻōlelo. He ʻatikala maikaʻi kēia.
Source: www.habr.com