Ma ʻAukake 3 ma Moscow, ma waena o 12:00 a me 14:30, ua ʻike ka Rostelecom AS12389 pūnaewele i kahi emi liʻiliʻi akā ʻike ʻia. NetBlocks ʻO ka mea i hana ʻia ʻo ia ka "pani pani" mua ma ka mōʻaukala o Moscow. ʻO kēia huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka pani ʻana a i ʻole ka palena o ke komo ʻana i ka Pūnaewele e nā luna.
ʻO ka mea i hana ʻia ma Moscow no ka manawa mua he ʻano honua ia no kekahi mau makahiki i kēia manawa. I nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala iho nei, aia he 377 i manaʻo ʻia e pani ʻia ka pūnaewele e nā luna a puni ka honua, e like me .
Ke hoʻohana nui nei nā mokuʻāina i nā kaohi ʻana i ke komo ʻana i ka Pūnaewele, ma ke ʻano he mea hana hoʻopaʻapaʻa a ma ke ʻano he mea hana i ka hakakā ʻana i nā hana hewa.
Akā ʻo ka nīnau, pehea ka maikaʻi o kēia mea hana? He aha ka hopena o kona hoʻohana ʻana? I kēia mau lā, ua puka mai kekahi mau noiʻi e hoʻomālamalama i kēia pilikia.
ʻElua mau ala nui e hoʻopau ai i ka Pūnaewele, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
ʻO ka mea mua he hoʻopau i ka pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa, e like me kēia .
ʻO ka lua ke kāohi nei i ke komo ʻana i kekahi mau pūnaewele (no ka laʻana, ʻoihana pūnaewele) a i ʻole nā ʻelele koke, "e like me kēia .
Ua hana ʻia ka hanana ʻeleʻele pūnaewele mua loa o ka honua i ka makahiki 2011, i ka wā i pani ai ke aupuni o ʻAigupita i ka pūnaewele a me nā pūnaewele kelepona no ʻelima mau lā i ka "".
Akā ʻo 2016 wale nō i hoʻomaka ai kekahi mau aupuni o ʻApelika e hoʻohana ikaika i nā pani maʻamau. ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo mua o nā pōʻeleʻele i pāʻani ʻia e ka Repubalika o Congo, nāna i kāohi i nā kelepona āpau no hoʻokahi pule i ka wā koho pelekikena.
He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ʻaʻole he censorship politika ka pani ʻana. i ka wā hoʻokolokolo kula e pale aku i ka leakage o nā nīnau hoʻokolokolo. Ma Palakila ʻO WhatsApp ma 2015 a me 2016 ma hope o Facebook Inc (nona ʻo WhatsApp) ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i nā noi a ka ʻaha no ka ʻikepili ma ke ʻano he hoʻokolokolo hewa.
Eia kekahi, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hiki i ka ʻōlelo inaina a me nā lono hoʻopunipuni ke pālahalaha wikiwiki loa ma ka pāhana kaiapili a me nā polokalamu leka uila. ʻO kekahi o nā ala a nā luna e hoʻohana ai e pale i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ia ʻike, ʻo ia ke kaohi ʻana i ke komo ʻana i ka pūnaewele.
I ka makahiki i hala, no ka laʻana, ke kahe ua hoʻāla ʻia e nā lono i hoʻolaha ʻia ma o WhatsApp, i hopena i kahi pepehi kanaka he 46.
Eia naʻe, i loko o ka hui kuleana kikohoʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻike wahaheʻe he uhi wale nō ia no ka pani ʻana i ka manawa. ʻo kahi laʻana, Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pani ʻana o ka pūnaewele ma Suria e like me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻino e nā pūʻali aupuni.
ʻO VS kumu maoli no ka pani ʻana o ka Pūnaewele ma 2018 e like me ka ʻikepili .
Hehonua o ka pau
I ka makahiki 2018 ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 196 pau ʻana o ka pūnaewele puni honua. E like me nā makahiki i hala aku nei, aia ka hapa nui o nā outage ma India, 67% o nā mea a pau i hōʻike ʻia ma ka honua.
ʻO ke koena 33% ma nā ʻāina like ʻole: Algeria, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Mali, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines a me Rusia.
Ka hopena o ka pau ʻana
ua paʻi ʻia ma Pepeluali 2019, kāna mea kākau ʻo Jan Rydzak mai ke Kulanui ʻo Stanford e noiʻi ana i ka pani ʻana o ka Pūnaewele a me kā lākou hopena no kahi o 5 mau makahiki.
Ua aʻo ʻo Jan Rydzak iā India, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pani pūnaewele ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia nā kumu o ka nui o lākou, akā ʻo nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea maʻamau e wehewehe ʻia e ka pono e kāohi i nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Ma ka huina, ua loiloi ʻo Rydzak i 22 mau kūʻē ma India ma waena o 891 a me 2016. Hōʻike kāna noiʻi ʻana ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā palena o ka pūnaewele a me ka pāpaho e hōʻemi i ka piʻi ʻana.
I nā hihia i pili ai nā kūʻē i ka hana ʻino, ua ʻike ʻo ia e pili ana ka pani ʻana o ka pūnaewele me ka piʻi. ʻO kēlā me kēia lā aʻe ma hope o ka pani ʻana o ka Pūnaewele, ua ʻoi aku ka hana ʻino ma mua o ka wā i hana ʻia ai ke kūʻē me ka loaʻa mau o ka Pūnaewele.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ka pani ʻana o ka pūnaewele, ʻo nā kūʻē kūʻē maluhia, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana ma nā kahawai kikohoʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi o ka pani ʻana.
Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike i kekahi mau hihia, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka pani ʻana o ka pūnaewele i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hana nonviolent me nā mea hoʻomāinoino, i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka kamaʻilio kūpono a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana.
Kumukuai o ka pau
ʻOiai ʻo ka pani ʻana i ka ʻike pūnaewele ke lilo nei i mea kaulana no nā aupuni he nui, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole ia he kaʻa manuahi.
ma 19 mau ʻāina mai Iulai 2015 a Iune 2016, ua ʻike ʻo Darrell West o ka Brookings Institution ua manaʻo ʻia ka pau ʻana o ka GDP ma $ 2,4 biliona.
Ka papa inoa o nā ʻāina me ka nui o nā poho mai ka pani ʻana i ka Pūnaewele.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ua noʻonoʻo wale ʻo Darrell West i ka hopena hoʻokele waiwai o nā outages . ʻAʻole ia i manaʻo i ke kumukūʻai o ka loaʻa kālā ʻauhau nalowale, ka hopena i ka huahana a i ʻole ka nalowale o ka hilinaʻi o ka mea hoʻopukapuka kālā mai nā pani ʻana.
No laila, ʻo ka helu $2,4 biliona he kuhi conservative e hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha i ka pōʻino waiwai maoli.
hopena
Pono ka pilikia e noiʻi hou aku. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka pane i ka nīnau i ka nui o ke aʻo ʻana o nā pani ʻana ma India e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole maopopo.
Akā i ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pani ʻana o ka pūnaewele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, kahi mea hana maikaʻi ʻole me ka uku hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
A ʻo nā pilikia ʻē aʻe paha, no ka laʻana, nā kapu o nā hui honua a i ʻole nā ʻaha hoʻokolokolo, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻokele waiwai. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia ka likelike o ko lākou hanana ʻana.
A inā pēlā, no ke aha?
Source: www.habr.com