ʻOiai ua mau ka hoʻokele, ʻoihana waiwai a me ke kānāwai i waena o nā wahi "luna" o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma nā kulanui no nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hanohano o nā loea IT. ʻO nā mea noi a me ko lākou mau mākua ke alo i ka nīnau ke kulanui hea e hele ai и no ka oihana hea?
Pono anei ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe ma IT?
ʻAʻole wau makemake e hāpai i kēia kumuhana - ua nui nā kope i haki ʻia i kēia pilikia ma nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma ke kaiāulu ʻoihana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike wau aia kekahi mau wahi kahi i koi ʻia ai ka "hale kiaʻi" a hāʻawi i nā pono hou aʻe: hana ma ke ʻano he ʻenekinia (hoʻolālā no ke kelepona, nā kikowaena data, etc.), e hana ana no ka mokuʻāina. ʻoihana, ke aʻo ʻana i ka Machine Learning, neʻe i waho, ke kākau inoa ʻana i kahi papahana MBA, etc.
Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, ināʻoe e hele i 62% ʻAʻole pono nā hakahaka programmer i ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, akā - 61%. A he nui nā limahana IT i hoʻonaʻauao ʻole - he ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Akā, no ka mea eia mākou, e manaʻo mākou ua koho ʻia ke koho e hana.
ʻO Rūsia a ma waho paha?
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ke hele nei ka hoʻonaʻauao kūloko i nā manawa paʻakikī, a nui nā kula ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, Kelemānia, Palani, Scandinavian) hāʻawi manuahi a ʻaneʻane manuahi ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe ma ke kula bachelor, master a postgraduate. Aia nā koho me ke aʻo ʻana ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. He manawa kūpono kēia e neʻe ai a noho i ka hana ma ka "honua mua".
ʻOkoʻa nā kūlana kikoʻī mai kēlā me kēia ʻāina. ʻO nā pilikia nui no ka poʻe noi, ʻo ia ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻōlelo haole a me ka hiki ʻole ke uku no ka noho ʻana (nui).
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu ka manawa e aʻo ai ma waho. Ua hōʻiliʻili mua ʻia nā moʻolelo kūleʻa he nui i nā hubs kūloko и .
Ma hope aʻe, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā mea maoli o Rūsia.
Ke koho ʻana i ke kulanui
Ma 2018, e like me ka Yandex Atlas ma Rusia 344 Ua ʻae ke kulanui i nā mea noi ma ke kahua o "Informatics and Computer Science". Akā ʻaʻole like nā kulanui a pau.
ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e hoʻoholo i nā nīnau kumu no ʻoe iho: ua mākaukau ʻoe e neʻe i kekahi kūlanakauhale / ʻāina ʻē aʻe? He hale moe ko ke kulanui? Pono anei kahi "ʻoihana koa" (mai 2019 "ke kikowaena hoʻomaʻamaʻa koa")? E hoʻemi nui kēia i ka helu o nā koho.
Ke aʻo ʻana i nā kūlana kulanui
He mamao loa nā helu mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loa, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ala maopopo ʻole no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Eia kekahi, i loko o ke kulanui he mau ʻoihana ikaika a nāwaliwali a me nā ʻoihana. Eia naʻe, he mea pono ke nānā i nā helu.
International
Mai na kula nui o Rusia i ma ke ala o ka ʻepekema kamepiula (, , ) ʻo ka haneli mua wale nō i hoʻokomo mau ʻia . Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o nā loiloi ponoʻī. Hoʻokomo pinepine lākou: , , , , , , , - alakaʻi i nā kulanui ma ka ʻāina.
Lukia
He mea maikaʻi loa ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me nā pae no ka Unified State Exam helu komo o nā wahi hoihoi, no ka laʻana ma . ʻO ka helu kiʻekiʻe e hui pū me nā mea honua; ma waena o nā alakaʻi he mea kūpono hoʻi e haʻi , , . Hiki ke loaʻa nā kulanui like ma luna .
Loaʻa i ke kūlana a komo i ka papahana hōʻike pū i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kulanui.
ʻO nā kulanui "nui" i helu ʻia i ʻike ʻia e nā mea hana a me kā lākou mau luna limahana. Akā, paʻakikī ke komo ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana ma laila.
Haʻawina IBS
Ua mālama ʻia kahi noiʻi hoihoi ma 2016 e ka Russian IT pilikua IBS: . Eia kekahi laʻana mai ka ʻikepili pūnaewele e like me ka 2015 mau haumāna puka o kekahi mau kula ʻenehana ʻo Moscow:
► Papa: nā uku o nā haumāna puka o nā kula ʻenehana ʻo MoscowHōʻike ka papa ʻaina i ka mahele o ka poʻe i hoʻolimalima a me ka nui o nā uku ma hope koke o ka puka ʻana.
| Hui hoʻonaʻauao | Mahele hana, %* | Uku awelika, ₽** |
| Moscow Aviation Institute | 80 | 57 693 |
| ʻO Moscow State Technical University i kapa ʻia ma hope o N. E. Bauman | 85 | 66 722 |
| Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Moscow State University ma hope o M.V. Lomonosov | 90 | 80 325 |
| Moscow State University of Food Production | 75 | 42 963 |
| Ke Kulanuiʻenehana o Moscow no nā kamaʻilio a me nā ʻikepili | 80 | 60 165 |
| Kula Nui ʻenehana Lūkini (MIREA+MITHT+MGUPI) | 75 | 50 792 |
| Ke Kulanuiʻenehana o Moscow no nā kamaʻilio a me nā ʻikepili | 75 | 52 629 |
| Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (ke kulanui moku'āina) | 100 | 104 450 |
| Ke Kulanui ʻenehana ʻenehana National "MISiS" | 80 | 51 450 |
| National Research University Higher School of Economics | 85 | 66 476 |
| National Research University "Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology" | 85 | 56 219 |
| Ke Kula Nui ʻImi ʻĀina "MPEI" | 75 | 58 332 |
| National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" | 85 | 65 532 |
* - no ka manawa piha (full-time), ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe mua; ** - nā haumāna puka o 2015 ma 2016
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka uku i hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia ka "wela wela ma ka haukapila," akā ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kulanui.
Koho: "ikaika" kulanui
Nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ke komo ʻana i nā kulanui hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe:
- nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonaʻauao: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lilo ʻana i haumāna C ma Moscow State University ma mua o kahi haumāna maikaʻi loa ma ke kula kūkulu pā;
- kaiapuni hoʻoikaika: ma ke kulanui maikaʻi e pono ʻoe e hoʻoikaika no kahi pae kiʻekiʻe maʻamau, ma ke kulanui maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he wiwo ʻole ke aʻo ʻana i kekahi mea a i ʻole e hele me kahi papa "ʻoluʻolu";
- ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilina kūpono me nā kāne akamai;
- ka nani o ka diploma no ka mea hana (ma ka liʻiliʻi i ka wā e ʻimi ai i kahi hana mua a ʻelua paha).
Cons:
- inā ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kekahi ʻano o ka supercomputer computing, hiki ke hoʻokele kūʻokoʻa nā kumuhana IT me ka makemake pono;
- ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka noi ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ma mua;
- e lawe nui ia nerd, inā ʻaʻole e maʻalahi ka lele ʻana i waho.
Manaʻo wau e hoʻāʻo nā keiki me ke kālena no ka physics a me ka makemakika e komo i ke kulanui kiʻekiʻe. Akā, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e hoʻomākaukau ana kekahi mau keiki e komo i ke Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Moscow mai ka papa 9.
Koho: kulanui "maʻamau".
Eia nō naʻe, ua aʻo ʻia ka hapa nui o nā loea i nā kula maʻalahi. Inā ʻaʻole lawa nā hōkū o ka lewa i ka mea heluhelu, e like me ka mea kākau o ka pou, a laila ʻo kā mākou pahuhopu ke komo ʻana i kahi kulanui ʻoihana kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
No ke aha e kau ai nā kulanui i ko lākou lauoho ma ko lākou mau pepeiao?
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i nā makahiki 10 i hala iho nei, ka helu o nā mea noi e ka 40% weliweli. Ua emi pū ka nui o nā wahi kālā ma nā kulanui, akā ʻaʻole nui.
ʻO ka hopena, pono nā kulanui e hoʻokūkū no nā mea noi: pono lākou e hoʻopiha i nā wahi kālā, i ʻole e ʻoki ʻia kēia mau wahi no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, a he mea maikaʻi hoʻi ke kākau inoa ʻana i nā haumāna uku. I kēlā mau kūlana hoʻokūkū, pono nā kulanui e aʻo i ke kālepa inā makemake lākou a ʻaʻole paha. No laila, he mea maʻamau ia ma ka pūnaewele official, a ma ka lā ākea, e hīmeni ke kulanui i kāna mau hoʻomaikaʻi - ʻaʻohe pono e lawe i nā mea a pau i lohe ʻia ma ke ʻano waiwai.
Nā koho nīnau
He aha ka hoʻonaʻauao i emi iho ka waiwai?
- palapala leka / aʻo mamao - ʻokoʻa nā kūlana o ke ola, akā inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka manawa e aʻo i ka manawa piha, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hele ʻana i ka manawa piha (a i ʻole ke ahiahi);
- kūikawā ʻae ʻole - ʻaʻohe hoʻopaneʻe mai ka pūʻali koa + kahi manawa e loaʻa ai ma kahi o ka mokuʻāina. diploma a me diploma (ma ke komo ʻana e hōʻoia ʻia ʻoe he mea hou ka papahana, a e loaʻa koke ka ʻae);
- i hoʻonohonoho ʻia - ʻaʻole weliweli, akā no ka haʻahaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole ia no kēlā me kēia kanaka: haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka papa i hala, akā ma hope o ka puka ʻana - koi ʻia i kekahi keʻena noiʻi a i ʻole nā ʻoihana hoʻokō kānāwai (= uku haʻahaʻa);
- lālā - e like me ke kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali ma mua o ke kulanui makua (inā ʻaʻole ia he kulanui pili, e ʻike ma lalo);
- ʻaʻole he kulanui ʻenehana - e like me nā kula ʻenehana i lilo i mea nui i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā loio a me nā ʻoihana waiwai, a ʻo ia hoʻi - ke hoʻāʻo nei nā kula kōkua kanaka e aʻo i nā loea IT; He maikaʻi hoʻokoe, no ka laʻana, ka luna HSE, mua, i hana i ka Faculty o Computer Science ma ka launa pū me Yandex, a me ka lua, ma 2012 ia "ai" i ka maikai IT kulanui, MIEM;
- kulanui kalepa (non-state). - makemake nui nā kulanui pilikino e aʻo i nā loio a me nā mea kālā; ʻaʻole mākou i lohe i nā kulanui IT pilikino ikaika. ʻO kekahi, e like me ka lono, hana maʻamau i ke ʻano "hoʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina me kahi puke moʻolelo a me ke kālā". See mea ʻino .
ʻAʻole kēia he dogmas: ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono ʻoe e nānā i ke kūlana.
Nā hui kulanui
Ma kahi kaʻawale, pono e haʻi ʻia ma Moscow a me St. Petersburg i nā makahiki i hala iho nei he mau hui kula nui. ʻO kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe - ma muli wale nō o ka kokoke o nā ʻāina: no ka laʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mining a me ka ʻoihana ʻo Moscow State University of Humanities i ka Institute of Steel and Alloys MISiS, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka Institute of Chemical Technology i ka Institute of Radioelectronics and Automation (MIREA). Eia kekahi, ua lilo ka MGUPI mea hana i ʻāpana o MIREA. ʻO HSE, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka MIEM Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, ua loaʻa i kona mau hale i ke kikowaena, a ua neʻe ʻo MIEM i waho o ke kūlanakauhale - i Strogino.
I ka manawa like, noho ka "hōʻailona" mai kahi kulanui "ikaika". ʻO kēlā mau mea. komo i ka lālā Mytishchi o MSTU. ʻO Bauman, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻekolu makahiki i hala aku nei ʻo ia ke Kulanui o ka Nahele.
Nā meaʻokoʻa
ʻOiai he mea hiki ke hoʻololi i kahi ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho koke ʻana i ka mea kūpono, inā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e uku i kahi pūʻulu o "nā aie".
Hoʻopili ʻia ke koho ʻana o ka mea kūikawā me ke koho ʻana o ke kumu kula a me ka ʻoihana puka. Ma kekahi kulanui aia nā kumu ikaika a me nā mea nāwaliwali, no laila he mea nui ka koho ʻike ma aneʻi.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke koho ʻana i kahi mea kūikawā ʻaʻole ia he koho hope loa o ka ʻoihana - ma IT ua maʻalahi nā mea āpau a loli koke. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka ʻoihana, ʻaʻole ka ʻoihana.
Ma Rusia, aia kahi ʻōnaehana o Federal State Educational Standards (Federal State Educational Standards) no kēlā me kēia ʻano kūikawā, ma ke kumu o nā kulanui e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, aia nā pili . Ua hoʻāʻo wau e hoʻohālikelike i nā mea kūikawā me nā ʻoihana, akā ʻo kēia kaʻu manaʻo.
| kuhi | Code kahiko | Kūikawā | ~ ʻOihana |
| 09.03.01 | 230100 | ʻIkepili a me ka ʻepekema kamepiula | mea papahana |
| 09.03.02 | 230400 | Nā ʻōnaehana ʻike a me nā ʻenehana | mea papahana, luna hoʻoponopono |
| 09.03.03 | 230700 | Hoʻohana ʻikepili | mea papahana, mea kālailai (ma kahi kahua i noi ʻia, no ka laʻana ma ka ʻoihana waiwai) |
| 09.03.04 | 231000 | ʻEnekinia Pūnaewele | mea hoʻolālā papahana |
| 01.03.02 | 010400 | Hoʻohana i ka makemakika a me ka ʻepekema kamepiula | mea kālailai, mea polokalamu |
| 01.03.04 | 231300 | Makemakika Hoʻohana | mea hoʻokele |
| 01.03.05 | Lakeponahelu | mea hoʻokele | |
| 02.03.01 | 010200 | Makemakika a me ʻepekema kamepiula | mea makemakika, mea polokalamu |
| 02.03.02 | 010300 | ʻepekema kamepiula kumu a me ka ʻenehana ʻike | mea hoʻolālā, mea kālailai |
| 02.03.03 | 010500 | Nā lako polokalamu a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻike | Mea papahana, mea kālailai |
| 10.03.01 | 090900 | Palekana ʻike | loea palekana ʻike |
| 38.03.05 | 080500 | ʻIkepili Pāʻoihana | mea kālailai, luna IT |
| 15.03.04 | 220700 | ʻO ka 'autome o nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana a me ka hana ʻana | mīkini hana hana |
| 11.03.02 | Nā ʻenehana ʻikepili a me nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio | 'enekinia telecom, luna hooponopono | |
| 27.03.04 | 220400 | Hoʻokele i nā ʻōnaehana ʻenehana | production automation, hoʻomohala ʻōnaehana hoʻokele automated |
Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kūikawā kekahi i kekahi, a paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e heluhelu i ka Federal State Educational Standard. I ka manawa like, ua noa ke kulanui e hoʻololi i ka ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka papahana ma ke ʻano o kekahi ʻano. Ma kekahi wahi he nui aku ka makemakika, ma kekahi wahi he mau algorithms, ma kekahi wahi he hana hou aku. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana i nā kikoʻī kūloko o nā papahana me ke kōmike komo.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻimi i kahi alakaʻi alakaʻi alakaʻi IT pono. Inā ua hālāwai kekahi, e ʻoluʻolu e kaʻana like.
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Ke kēkelē laepua a i ʻole ke kēkelē laepua?
Me ka ʻōnaehana "Bologna" hou: 4 mau makahiki o ke kēkelē laepua + 2 mau makahiki o ke kēkelē laeoʻo, ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻoihana Soviet o 5-5.5 mau makahiki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole wau e ʻōlelo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. I ka puka mua ʻana o nā kēkelē laepua ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua wikiwiki nā kulanui e hoʻomākaukau i nā papahana bachelor, ʻokiʻoki i nā papahana loea kahiko, ʻoki pinepine i ka wikiwiki. I kēia manawa, ke manaʻolana nei au, ua hoʻi hou ke kūlana a hiki iā ʻoe ke hele palekana i ke kēkelē laepua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lilo ʻana o ka loea i mea o ka wā ma mua. ʻO ke kēkelē laepua e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonaʻauao ʻEulopa, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i kāu ʻano kūikawā ma ke kau inoa ʻana i kahi papahana haku Lūkini a haole. Ua māhele ʻia nā kēkelē laepua i ka "academic" a me ka "applied" - ma ka hope, he liʻiliʻi nā hola i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka "base" a ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Maikaʻi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, akā ʻaʻole ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo e hiki i ke kulanui ke hāʻawi iā ia i ka pae kūpono, a pono paha ke kumu no ke kēkelē master.
E lilo wau i loea i ʻimi ʻia ma hope o kaʻu diploma?
He nīnau maikaʻi kēia e nīnau iā ʻoe iho, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa mai ke kolu o ka makahiki. Pane: ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o ka haumāna ma mua o ke kulanui.
He mea makemake nui ia ma ka puka ʻana i loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau mākaukau kūpono e hiki ke loaʻa ma o nā papa aʻe a me nā internships. Hoʻohui pinepine nā kulanui me nā ʻoihana - "ulu" ka mea hana i kahi loea nona iho. I nā kūlana o kēia manawa o ka lua demographic, ʻaʻole hiki iā Yandex a me Mail.Ru ke "hoʻolimalima i nā poʻe ʻelemakule," no laila ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā interns. Mai makaʻu e hoʻāʻo e loaʻa kahi hana a mai makaʻu e hoʻololi i kāu hana mua inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake.
E haʻi kaʻawale wau i ke koʻikoʻi o ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Pelekane. E hoʻopaʻa inoa no nā papa ʻōlelo Pelekania - a ʻo kēia ka mea e wehe i nā papa MOOC mai nā kula ʻē aʻe no ʻoe.
E pili ana i ka hana hoʻonaʻauao: he mea hilahila, akā ʻaʻole nānā ka poʻe hana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he diploma "hanohano" kāu, akā makemake ʻia ka awelika helu maikaʻi (GPA) i ka wā e noi ana i kahi papahana haku haole.
E hele no ia!
Nā mea hou aku i ka kumuhana:
Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ke komo i ka noiʻi. , e 'oluʻolu.
E nā haumāna puka, ua kōkua anei ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kulanui iā ʻoe i kāu ʻoihana e hiki mai ana?
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ia
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Ma ka hoomaka wale no
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No
147 mea hoʻohana i koho. Ua hōʻole nā mea hoʻohana 33.
E nā mea hana, he ʻokoʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e hoʻolimalima ai i kāu hui?
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ʻAe, hoʻolimalima wale mākou i nā poʻe me ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe kūikawā
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ʻAe, hoʻolimalima wale mākou i ka poʻe me ke kēkelē hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, hiki nō me kahi haumāna kumu ʻole
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Makemake ʻia ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe
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ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole mākou e nānā iki
79 mea hoʻohana i koho. Ua hōʻole nā mea hoʻohana 80.
ʻO wai nā kulanui Lūkini āu e manaʻo ai e alakaʻi i ka ʻāina i ka ʻepekema kamepiula (makemake ʻoe e hoʻolimalima i nā haumāna puka)?
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ʻO kekahi
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Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Moscow
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Ke Kulanui o Saint Petersburg State
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Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Phystech)
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St. Petersburg University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO)
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Kula kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana waiwai
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Ke Kula Nui ʻo Tomsk Polytechnic
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Ke Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Tomsk
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Novosibirsk State University
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Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Moscow State Technical University. N. E. Bauman
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ʻO Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
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Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys
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St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University "LETI"
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Moscow Aviation Institute
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Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
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Ke Kulanui Pekelala Ural
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Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Nizhny Novgorod State University. N. I. Lobachevsky
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Ke Kula Nui Pekelala Hema
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Ke Kula Nui ʻo Siberian Federal
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Ke Kulanui Federal Hikina Hikina
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St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
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Kulanui o Samara
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Ke Kula Nui ʻo Baltic Federal
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Ke Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Ural Hema
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Ke Kulanui o Tyumen State
87 mea hoʻohana i koho. Ua hōʻole nā mea hoʻohana 95.
Source: www.habr.com