ʻO Jim Clark, ka luna o ka quantum hardware ma Intel, me kekahi o nā mea hana quantum o ka hui. Kiʻi; Intel
- He ʻenehana hoihoi loa nā kamepiula Quantum e paʻa ana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki no ka hana ʻana i nā mana computing ikaika e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia intractable ma mua.
- Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea ua alakaʻi ʻo IBM i ke ala i ka quantum computing, ʻo ia ke kumu o Google, Intel, Microsoft a me ka lehulehu o nā mea hoʻomaka ma lalo o kāna mana.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻopukapuka i nā hoʻomaka computing quantum, me IonQ, ColdQuanta, D-Wave Systems a me Rigetti, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka mākeke.
- Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi hopu: ʻaʻole ikaika a hilinaʻi paha nā kamepiula quantum hou e like me nā supercomputers o kēia lā, a koi lākou i nā kūlana kūikawā e hoʻomaka ai a hoʻomaka.
I Ianuali, ua hoʻolaha ʻo IBM i ka IBM Q System One, ka kamepiula mua loa o ka honua i loaʻa no ka ʻoihana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hāmeʻa i loko o kahi pahu aniani nani me ka nui o 9 cubic kapuaʻi.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no nā kamepiula quantum, aia i loko o nā keʻena noiʻi. Wahi a IBM, ke nānā nei nā mea kūʻai aku e kau i ko lākou mau lima ma luna o ka ʻenehana, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki ma nā ʻano like ʻole: kemika, nā mea ʻepekema, nā meaʻai meaʻai, aerospace, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka wānana ʻana i ka mākeke a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau.
IBM Q System One. Kiʻi: IBM
ʻO ke kumu o ka hauʻoli, ʻo ka lolouila quantum he mau mea hoʻokalakupua e hiki ai iā ia ke hana i ka ʻike ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kahi ʻōnaehana maʻamau. ʻAʻole ka lolouila quantum he kamepiula wikiwiki loa; ʻoi aku ka pololei, he paradigm computing ʻokoʻa loa ia e pono ai ka noʻonoʻo hou.
ʻO ka mea lanakila ma ka heihei ʻenehana ʻo ia ka hui e hoʻohana pono i nā manawa i hāʻawi ʻia e kēia ʻenehana. ʻO IBM, Microsoft, Google a me nā ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea hoʻomaka, e pili ana i kēia ʻenehana.
Nīnau ʻo Business Insider iā IBM Q Strategy a me Ecosystem Hope Pelekikena Bob Sutor e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i kēia mau ʻōnaehana i hiki i nā poʻe: Pehea e komo ai nā kānaka iā lākou? Pehea e hiki ai i nā poʻe he nui ke aʻo e hoʻohana i nā kamepiula quantum e hana i kā lākou mau hana?
He liʻiliʻi ka manawa e ʻike ai i nā kamepiula quantum ma ke keʻena i kēlā me kēia manawa koke. Manaʻo nā poʻe loea a mākou i ʻōlelo ai ʻoiai e loaʻa ana iā IBM, he ʻelima a ʻumi paha mau makahiki ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka computing quantum i ka mainstream. Loaʻa ʻia ʻo IBM Q System One i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he lawelawe ʻikepili kapua no ke koho ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku. He manawa e hiki ai i ka poʻe ke kūʻai i kekahi mea e like me kēia a hoʻohana i ka hana no kā lākou hana ponoʻī.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea e hōʻike ana nā kamepiula quantum i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki nui, akā mamao loa lākou mai ka hana nui. He palupalu loa lākou a koi i nā kūlana kūikawā no ka hana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ʻia nā kamepiula quantum i kēia lā a i ʻole ikaika e like me nā kamepiula i loaʻa iā mākou.
"Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ma kahi o ʻumi mau makahiki, e hoʻololi ke kamepiula quantum i kou ola a i ʻole koʻu," i haʻi aku ai ʻo Jim Clark, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka lako quantum ma Intel, i ka Business Insider. — ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia mākou i kēia manawa i ka mile mua o ka marathon. ʻAʻole ia manaʻo ʻaʻole mākou hopohopo e pili ana iā ia. "
He aha ke kamepiula quantum?
Ua ʻōlelo mua ʻo Bill Gates ʻo ka makemakika ma hope o ka quantum ma mua o kona ʻike, akā ʻaʻole ʻae nā mea a pau.
"He kuhi hewa ʻole ʻo ka quantum physics he physics a paʻakikī loa," wahi a Chris Monroe, Luna Nui a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o IonQ, i ka Business Insider. "ʻO ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nā poʻe he nui, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia, akā he mea hiki ʻole iaʻu ke hoʻomaopopo iā ʻoe." Inā hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mea i kahi superposition, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke loaʻa i ʻelua mau mokuʻāina i ka manawa like. He mea kupanaha no ka mea ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i kēia ma ke ao maoli."
ʻO nā kamepiula a mākou i hoʻohana ai e hōʻike i ka ʻikepili ma ke ʻano he string o 1s a i ʻole 0s i kapa ʻia he code binary. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi kamepiula quantum ke hōʻike i ka ʻikepili e like me 1, 0, a i ʻole, ka mea nui, nā helu ʻelua i ka manawa like.
Ke hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ma mua o hoʻokahi mokuʻāina i ka manawa like, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "superposition," ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻokalakupua o ka computing quantum. ʻO ke kumu nui ʻē aʻe ma aneʻi ʻo "entanglement", ʻo ia ka waiwai quantum e hiki ai i nā ʻāpana ʻelua ke neʻe i ka sync maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai ʻo ka mamao o ke kaʻawale ʻana.
E like me ka wehewehe ma Scientific American, hui pū kēia mau ʻano ʻelua e hana i ka lolouila e hiki ke hana i nā ʻikepili i ka manawa like ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana ma ka mākeke i kēia lā.
Ana ʻia ka mana o ka lolouila quantum ma nā qubits, ka ʻāpana kumu o ke ana i loko o ka lolouila quantum. E like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaʻina hana 32-bit a i ʻole 64-bit i nā kamepiula hou (he ana o ka nui o ka ʻikepili e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana i ka manawa hoʻokahi), ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana hana i kahi kamepiula quantum me nā qubits.
I loko o kahi kamepiula quantum. Kiʻi: IBM
ʻO ka lani ka palena
ʻO kēia mau mea a pau e hiki i kahi kamepiula quantum ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia i kaupalena mua ʻia e ka mana helu.
No ka laʻana, hiki i ka computer quantum ke hoʻoponopono maʻalahi i ka pilikia o ka mea kūʻai huakaʻi kaulana, kahi pilikia helu helu paʻakikī e pono ai ke ʻimi i ke ala pōkole loa ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale he nui ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home. He mea maʻalahi ia, akā inā ʻoe e nānā me ka makemakika, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ala kūpono hoʻokahi i kou hoʻohui ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale i kona ala.
Pēlā nō, hiki i ka lolouila quantum ke hele i loko o nā pilikia paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa, kānana ʻana i ka nui o nā kālā kālā, lāʻau lapaʻau, a i ʻole ʻikepili e ʻimi ai i nā hopena maikaʻi loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke hui pū nei ka quantum startup D-Wave me Volkswagen e nānā i nā kumu hoʻokele a kānana i ka nui o ka walaʻau e hele i lalo o nā mea.
Kūkākūkā ʻia kona pono ma ke kahua o ka cryptography. Hiki i ka lolouila quantum ke akamai i ke ala hoʻopunipuni ʻokoʻa mai ka cipher i ʻike mua ʻia, hiki iā ia ke wehewehe maʻalahi i nā mea huna o ka mokuʻāina. Nui ka hoihoi mai nā aupuni o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i kēia hiʻohiʻona pono, ʻoiai hopohopo ka poʻe hoʻoikaika i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka quantum computing hiki ke hoʻopau i ka pilikino.
pilikia pilikino
"No ka mea, aia ka quantum computing i kona wā mua, nui ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia," wahi a Matthew Briss, hope pelekikena o R&D ma Gartner. "Akā, ke ʻimi nei nā mea kūʻai aku i nā noi e hoʻoholo ai i nā pono hoʻokūkū o ka computing quantum no kā lākou ʻoihana," wahi āna.
ʻOiai ʻo ka hype a pau, manaʻo ka poʻe loea he mamao loa nā kamepiula quantum mai ke alakaʻi ʻana i ke ala e like me nā PC i ka makahiki 1950. ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa iā lākou ka manawa, akā lohi.
"Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka helu helu helu me kahi kaʻaahi holo lohi," ʻo Brian Hopkins, ka hope pelekikena a me ka loiloi kumu ma Forrester, i haʻi aku iā Business Insider. "Inā hoʻoneʻe ʻo ia i hoʻokahi ʻīniha i kēlā me kēia kekona, a laila i loko o ka mahina e hala mua ʻo ia i ʻelua iniha i kekona." ʻAʻole koke e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e neʻe wikiwiki."
ʻO ka pilikia nui i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i ka computer quantum ke hana i kekahi mea i hiki ʻole i ka lolouila kahiko ke hana. Ke nānā nei ka ʻoihana i kahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo quantum supremacy, i ka wā e hele ai nā kamepiula quantum ma mua o nā palena o kēia manawa.
"I ka hele ʻana mai o nā mea kūʻai aku iā mākou, ʻo ka mea nui a lākou e haʻi mai ai iā mākou ʻaʻole lākou e mālama i ke ʻano hoʻohālike e like me ka lōʻihi o ka pono no kā lākou ʻoihana," wahi a Briss ka mea loiloi. — ʻAʻohe kumu hoʻohālike i hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hana algorithm maʻamau. Pono mākou e kali a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lako kamepiula quantum e hoʻomaikaʻi. "
Nānā ka hoa noiʻi ʻo IBM ʻo Katie Pooley i ka cryostat e kōkua ana i nā kamepiula quantum e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou wela. Kiʻi: Andy Aaron, IBM
ʻO ka pilikia nui ka nele o ka mana helu. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka quantum supremacy e koi i kahi kamepiula me ka mana o 50 qubits. ʻOiai ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia milestone ma ka hale hana, ʻaʻole paʻa a hiki ʻole ke hoʻomau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā qubits ke kumu i nā hewa a paʻa ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia me kā lākou hanauna a hōʻemi i ko lākou hiki.
ʻO kekahi kumu koʻikoʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia nā kamepiula quantum mai ko lākou kaiapuni e hana a koi aku i nā mahana haʻahaʻa loa. Hiki i nā haʻalulu liʻiliʻi ke hoʻohiolo i nā qubit, e hoʻolei iā lākou mai kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke kīkēkē ʻana o ke keiki i ka papaʻaina e hāʻule ai nā ʻāpana kālā i ka papaʻaina.
ʻO nā kamepiula quantum mua, e like me ka IBM Q System One, he mea nui loa ia e lilo ai ka noho kaʻawale a me nā kūlana hoʻomaha i mea paʻakikī maoli. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i kēia pilikia ka hemahema o nā mea pono: nā kaula superconducting a me nā friji haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Aia lākou i ka hemahema nui.
ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoiai ke hoʻomaikaʻi nei ka ʻike a ke holomua nei ka ʻenehana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka quantum computing.
"ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia i loko o kaʻu pūʻulu hana ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea, silicon, metala, i hiki iā mākou ke hana i kahi ʻano like ʻole," wahi a Intel's Clark. - ʻO kēia ka ʻenehana semiconductor maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā ʻenehana e pono ai mākou e hana i ka computing quantum.
ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻo ia ka mea hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia i nā kamepiula quantum e hāʻawi i ka mana ʻike ʻike ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe ma kēia ao i ʻike maoli i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i kēia mau ʻōnaehana, a hauʻoli nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻāʻo nei e noʻonoʻo pehea e hoʻohana maoli ai.
Ka Lahui Kuantum Nui
Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe loiloi i kēia manawa ke alakaʻi nei ʻo IBM i ka heihei quantum computing ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka loaʻa kālā o ka IBM Q System One. Ma muli o ke komo ʻana ma o ke ao, hiki iā IBM ke mālama i kēia mau kūlana kūikawā no ka mālama ʻana i kēia kamepiula quantum me ka ʻae ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻohana.
"Ke manaʻo nei au e haʻalulu ana [ka lolouila quantum a IBM]," wahi a Briss. "Manaʻo wau ʻo ka quantum computing ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻohālike lawelawe ke kumu hoʻohālike kūpono." Ma ka waiho ʻana iā ia i loko o kahi pahu a mālama pono iā ia, ke hoʻāʻo maoli nei lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ia mea. "
Ke hana nei ʻo Sarah Sheldon a me Pat Gumann o IBM ma kahi pahu hau hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻomālili ai i nā kamepiula quantum. Kiʻi: IBM
Ma ka manawa like, ʻike nā mea loiloi e hiki i kekahi o nā mea pāʻani i kēia mākeke ke loaʻa kahi holomua i kēlā me kēia manawa e hiki ai ke hele i mua, a he hoʻokūkū pono kēia.
ʻOkoʻa ka pilikua IT i kēia pilikia. Ke kūkulu nei ʻo Intel, IBM, Google a me ka quantum computing startup Rigetti i nā ʻōnaehana e pili ana i nā kaapuni superconducting, hoʻohana ʻia e nā supercomputers hou.
ke lawe nei i kahi ala ʻokoʻa loa a ʻoi aku paha ka pilikia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i kahi qubit maikaʻi aʻe. ʻO ka topological qubit e hoʻāʻo nei ʻo Microsoft e hana i nā ʻāpana electrons e mālama i ka ʻike ma nā wahi he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi, e hoʻomau i ka paʻa a emi ʻole i ka luku. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka mea a kāna mau mea hoʻokūkū e hoʻāʻo nei e kūkulu, akā ʻo ka hopena he pae nui i mua no ke kahua holoʻokoʻa o ka computing quantum, wahi a ka mea loiloi ʻo Hopkins.
"Aia lākou i ka piliwaiwai a manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ʻaʻole lākou e kūleʻa," wahi a Hopkins.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, nā mea hoʻomaka e like me IonQ a me D-Wave e pili ana i nā ʻenehana ʻokiʻoki e like me ka ion trapping a me ka quantum annealing. ʻO ka waiho wale ʻana, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻokō i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa mai kēlā me kēia qubit, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala hou loa.
"ʻAe kēia iā mākou e kūkulu i kahi kamepiula quantum e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia paʻakikī a holomua mau i ka hana ʻana," ʻo Mark Johnson, ka hope pelekikena o ka processor a me ka hoʻolālā huahana quantum a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma D-Wave, i haʻi aku iā Business Insider.
Hele kekahi kanaka ʻepekema quantum IBM ma ka IBM Q Computing Center ma Thomas J. Watson Research Center ma Yorktown Heights, New York. Kiʻi: Connie Zhou no IBM
Kuantum Startups
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka quantum computing ua hoʻāla i ka nalu o ka mea hoʻopukapuka hoihoi i nā hoʻomaka pili. Manaʻo ʻo Robert Sutor o IBM aia ma kahi o 100 quantum software, hardware a me ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā mea hoʻomaka a puni ka honua. He liʻiliʻi kēia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mākeke hoʻomaka nui, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka wā ma mua.
"Ua lōʻihi wau i kēia wahi, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana," wahi a IonQ's Monroe. - No ka manawa lōʻihi i kona wā kamaliʻi, a hiki i ka 5-8 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i ka nānā ʻana a huki i nā hoʻopukapuka nui. Ua maopopo ua hiki mai ka manawa.
ʻO Chris Monroe, Luna Nui a me ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka quantum computing startup IonQ. Kiʻi: IonQ
ʻO kekahi, e like me Rigetti, ua mākaukau e hele wāwae a me nā manamana wāwae me nā ʻenehana ʻenehana me kā lākou quantum chips a me nā ʻōnaehana quantum computing maʻalahi.
"ʻO ia ke kumu o kā mākou ʻoihana," ʻo Betsy Masiello, ka pelekikena o ka huahana ma Rigetti, i haʻi aku iā Business Insider. - Nui nā hui i ka quantum space e hana nei i nā polokalamu polokalamu ma ke kahua o ka quantum computing. Hana mākou i nā microchips a kūkulu i nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Matthew Kinsella, ka luna hoʻomalu o Maverick Ventures, ua kūpaʻa ʻo ia ma ke kahua helu helu quantum. Ua hele nui kāna hui e hoʻokomo i ColdQuanta, kahi hui e hana ana i nā lako i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana quantum. Manaʻo ʻo ia e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kamepiula quantum i nā ʻōnaehana o kēia lā i loko o ʻelima a XNUMX mau makahiki. Ke koho nei ʻo Maverick Ventures i ka wā lōʻihi.
“Ke manaʻoʻiʻo maoli nei au i ka computing quantum, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o kahi kamepiula quantum i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kahi kamepiula kuʻuna no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia o kēlā me kēia lā. E ʻike paha mākou i nā pono o nā kamepiula quantum i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia liʻiliʻi i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, "wahi a Kinsella.
Nā hale hana 2000Q Systems o D-Wave. Kiʻi: D-Wave
ʻO Kinsella, e like me nā mea loiloi a mākou i kamaʻilio ai, ke kali nei i kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "quantum winter." Aia paha he hype a puni nā kamepiula quantum, akā ke hoʻomaka nei ka poʻe i ko lākou manaʻolana, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea. ʻAʻole kūpono nā mīkini, a he mau makahiki ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea hoʻopukapuka i nā hopena.
Ma ke kuanaʻike
Ma waho aʻe o ka quantum supremacy, hōʻoiaʻiʻo ka poʻe loea iā mākou aia kahi wahi no nā kamepiula kahiko a me nā supercomputers. A hiki i kēlā manawa, aia nō ke kumu kūʻai, ka nui, ka hilinaʻi, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia mana e hana ma mua o ke kūkākūkā ʻana.
"Pono mākou e hanu," wahi a ka mea kākau ʻo Briss. "He nui nā mea hoihoi e hana nei ma kēia wahi e lawe ana i ka manawa." He hui ia o ka physics, ka ʻepekema kamepiula a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka ʻepekema ʻepekema. ʻAʻole pono mākou e aʻo i kēia inā ʻike mākou i nā pane āpau, akā nui ka hana noiʻi ma mua. "
Rigetti quantum computer. Kiʻi: Rigetti
Eia naʻe, no ka poʻe he nui ka mea i maopopo ʻo kēia ka wā e hiki mai ana. E like me ka poʻe i hana i ka lolouila nui mua ʻaʻole i ʻike e alakaʻi ana kēia i nā smartphones ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pāma. Hiki i ke kamepiula quantum ke kaʻina mua ma ke ala hou loa.
He liʻiliʻi, e like me Microsoft VP o Corporate Governance Todd Holmdahl, ua manaʻo nui e ʻōlelo ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka naʻauao akamai a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini i kēia lā. Ua haʻi ʻo ia i kāna mau keiki pono lākou e hana i ka mea a lākou e makemake nui ai a hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi hana ma ka ʻike akamai. I kēia manawa e ʻōlelo like ʻo ia e pili ana i ka quantum computing.
“He wahi kēia e ulu ai. Pono mākou i nā kānaka e hoʻopiha a mālama iā ia mai ka maloʻo ʻana, "wahi a Holmdahl. "He kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i kā mākou hanauna, e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka manawa e hana ai i nā mea kupanaha i ka wā e hiki mai ana."
Source: www.habr.com