E pili ana i nā incapacitants kaua

Aloha %username%.

gjf pili hou.

E kala koke aku au inā ʻatikala mua Me he mea la he luuluu loa ia oe, aka, ma kekahi mau ninau, nalowale loa ko'u manao hoohenehene.

A ke kala aku nei au inā hoʻopau wau i ka hoʻopunipuni o kekahi poʻe heluhelu.

Akā ma muli o nā hopena koho, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā ʻaʻole kēia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohuli i kahi nerd palupalu i Koa Universal.

ʻAʻole pololei kēia.

I koʻu hoʻomaka ʻana e aʻo i ke kumuhana, makemake nui au i nā mea hiki ʻole. ʻOiaʻiʻo: i kekahi manawa, ʻike koke ke kanaka inā ua make nā mea a pau me kahi mea e like me phosgene a me V-gases, ʻaʻohe kanaka i koe!

ʻOi aku ka hoihoi o nā incapacitants! Ma ka wehewehe ʻana, "ʻo nā mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau i ka ikaika ola." "Ma waho o ke kauoha" - akā ʻaʻole i ka make.

I koʻu ola, ua loaʻa iaʻu ka ʻike e helu ʻia nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he incapacitants:
ʻO kekahi papa inoa ʻē aʻe aʻu i ʻike ai ma ka ʻupena

1. ʻO nā algogens nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻeha nui ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻili. I kēia manawa, kūʻai ʻia nā haku mele no ka pale ʻana iā ia iho o ka lehulehu. Loaʻa pinepine lākou i kahi hopena lachrymatory. Laʻana: 1-methoxy-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, dibenzoxazepine, capsaicin, pelargonic acid morpholide, resiniferatoxin, phorbol esters, cycloheptatriene.
2. ʻO nā anxiogens ke kumu o ka hoʻouka kaua weliweli i ke kanaka. Nā laʻana: cholecystokinin type B receptor agonists.
3. Nā Anticoagulants - hoʻemi i ke koko koko, e hoʻokahe koko. Nā laʻana: superwarfarin, dicoumarin derivatives.
4. Nā mea hoʻohilahila - e huki i nā ʻupena like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​holoholona (e like me ke kuʻi ʻana, ʻoluʻolu ʻole) i ke kanaka. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i kahi hopena panic i loko o ke kanaka a i ʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā pepeke i ke kanaka. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e huki i nā mea ʻino i nā mea kanu ʻenemi. Laʻana: 3,11-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone (mea hoʻohihi moʻo).
5. Aphrodisiacs - hoʻonui i ka libido. Wahi a ka poʻe noiʻi, hiki i kēia ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā hakakā ma kahi hui pūʻali koa like ʻole. Nā laʻana: Viagra, Cialis.
6. Smelly (malodorants) - ke kumu o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā kānaka mai ka ʻāina a i ʻole kekahi kanaka ma muli o ka ʻae ʻana o ka poʻe i ka ʻala maikaʻi ʻole o ia wahi (kanaka). Hiki i nā mea waiwai a i ʻole nā ​​huahana o kā lākou metabolism ke loaʻa i kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole. Nā laʻana: mercaptans, isonitriles, selenols, sodium tellurite, geosmin, benzcyclopropane.
7. Hoʻopilikia i ka ʻiʻo - hoʻoulu i ka ʻeha nui i loko o nā ʻiʻo o ke kanaka. Nā laʻana: thymol amino esters.
8. Ke kumu o ka lilo ʻana o ka lauoho - ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻohana ʻana ʻo ia ke hoʻoikaika i ka poʻe ʻeleu, e hōʻemi i ka nani o waho. Nā laʻana: nā paʻakai thallium.
9. Nā lāʻau antihypertensives - hoʻemi nui i ke kahe koko, e hoʻoulu ai i ka orthostatic collapse, i hopena i ka nalo ʻana o ke kanaka a i ʻole ka hiki ke neʻe. Nā laʻana: clonidine, canbisol, platelet activating factor analogues.
10. Hormones - hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana kino he nui i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka maikaʻi a me ke kūlana naʻau. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā ʻano hormone paʻa i ka metabolic. Nā laʻana: insulin, hormone adrenocorticotropic, glucocorticoids.
11. Nā Denaturants - hāʻawi i kahi ʻono maikaʻi ʻole i nā meaʻai, hiki ke hopena i ka wī ma nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Nā laʻana: nā paʻakai denatonium, quinine.
12. Castrators - kumu hoʻoheheʻe kemika (nalo o ka hana hou). Nā laʻana: gossypol.
13. Catatonic - kumu i ka ulu ʻana o ka catatonia i ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Kuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano mea ʻona psychochemical. Nā laʻana: bulbocapnin.
14. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaha hoʻomaha o ka ʻiʻo peripheral ke kumu hoʻomaha piha o nā ʻiʻo iwi. Hiki ke make ma muli o ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā ʻiʻo hanu. Nā laʻana: tubocurarine, dithiline.
15. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaha o ka ʻiʻo waena ke kumu hoʻomaha o nā ʻiʻo iwi. ʻAʻole like me nā peripheral, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena i ka hanu a paʻakikī kā lākou detoxification. Nā laʻana: hoʻomaha ʻiʻo, phenylglycerin, benzimidazole.
16. ʻO nā diuretics - ke kumu o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka ʻōpū. Nā laʻana: furosemide.
17. Anesthetic - hoʻoulu i ka maʻi maʻi i nā kānaka olakino. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia pūʻulu mea e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hana ola kino o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia. Nā laʻana: isoflurane, halothane.
18. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻomohala ai nā kānaka i kahi mokuʻāina kahi hiki ʻole iā lākou ke haʻi wahaheʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hōʻoia kēia ʻano i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo piha o ke kanaka a ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole kēia mau mea hoʻokahi, akā he hui pū me nā barbiturates a me nā mea hoʻoikaika.
19. ʻO nā analgesics narcotic - i nā kau ma luna o nā mea lapaʻau, loaʻa kahi hopena immobilizing. Hiki ke hana i ka addiction. Nā laʻana: fentanyl, carfentanil, 14-methoxymethopon, etorphine, dihydroetorphine.
20. Hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomanaʻo - hoʻopau i ka hoʻomanaʻo no ka manawa pōkole. ʻona pinepine. Nā laʻana: cycloheximide, domoic acid, nui nā anticholinergics, kekahi mau benzdiazepines.
21. ʻO nā neuroleptics ke kumu o ke kaʻa a me ka noʻonoʻo i ke kanaka. Nā laʻana: haloperidol, spiperone, fluphenazine.
22. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaneʻe MAO hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia he pūʻulu o nā mea e pale ai i ka monoamine oxidase. ʻO ka hopena, i ka wā e ʻai ai i nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā amines kūlohelohe (kākī, kokoleka), hoʻonāukiuki ʻia kahi pilikia hypertensive. Nā laʻana: nialamide, pargyline.
23. ʻO nā mea hoʻopau - hoʻopau i ka hiki ke hana i nā hoʻoholo kūʻokoʻa. He mau mea ia o na hui like ole. Laʻana: scopolamine.
24. Prurigens - hoʻoulu i ka ʻeha hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui. No ka laʻana: 1,2-dithiocyanoethane.
25. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau psychotomimetic ke kumu o ka psychosis e mau ana no kekahi manawa, kahi i hiki ʻole ai i ke kanaka ke hoʻoholo kūpono. Laʻana: BZ, LSD, mescaline, DMT, DOB, DOM, cannabinoids, PCP, psilocybin, DET, DMHP.
26. Hoʻomaka ka Laxatives i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea o ka ʻōpū. Me ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia pūʻulu, hiki ke ulu ka luhi o ke kino. Nā laʻana: bisacodyl.
27. ʻO nā Lachrymators (lacrimators) ke kumu o ka lacrimation koʻikoʻi a me ka pani ʻana i nā lihilihi o ke kanaka, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻike i ka mea e hana nei a puni iā ​​​​ia a nalowale kona ikaika hakakā. Aia nā mea ʻona maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopuehu i nā hōʻike. Nā laʻana: chloroacetophenone, bromoacetone, bromobenzyl cyanide, trialkyl lead salts, ethyl bromoacetate, ethyliodoacetate, ortho-chlorobenzylidene malonodinitrile (CS).
28. ʻO nā lāʻau moe - hoʻomoe i ke kanaka. Nā laʻana: flunitrazepam, barbiturates.
29. Srnites - hoʻoulu i ka ʻūhū ʻole a me ka ʻū, hiki ke hoʻolei i ke kanaka i ka pale kinoea. Aia nā kāleka hōʻike. Nā laʻana: adamsite, diphenylchloroarsine, diphenylcyanarsine.
30. ʻO Tremorgens - ke kumu o ka haʻalulu o nā ʻiʻo iwi. Nā laʻana: tremorine, oxotremorine, tremorgenic mycotoxins.
31. Photosensitizers - hoʻonui i ka ʻili i nā kukuna ultraviolet lā. Ke hele i waho i ka lā, hiki ke loaʻa i ke kanaka ke kuni ʻeha. Nā laʻana: hypericin, furocoumarins.
32. Emetics (emetics) - hoʻoulu i ka gag reflex, ma muli o ka hiki ʻole ke komo i loko o ka mask gas. Nā laʻana: apomorphine derivatives, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, PHNO, aminotetralin derivatives.

ʻOiai ʻo Habr kēia, a ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia kēia opus e ke kauka o ka ʻepekema, he mea nui ma ke kemika. pūʻali koa, lālā-kor. a pēlā aku a pēlā aku, a laila, lawe au i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻokūkū ʻana i kēia papa inoa.
E pōkole ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ʻaʻohe ʻoihana a me ke kumuhana.Pono e lawelawe ʻia nā "lāʻau ʻoiaʻiʻo" - a i ka manawa like e loaʻa iā lākou ka hopena noʻonoʻo i ke kanaka. Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kēia ma kahi kūlana hakakā? A ʻo nā "hōʻailona" he mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa loa: no ka laʻana, ʻo ka "castrator" gossypol he polyphenol maoli i loaʻa ka antiviral, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antioxidant properties, a me ka hana antitumor. ʻAʻole au i ʻike i ka ʻike i hoʻohana ʻia no ka castration kemika: ʻaʻole ia he hormone e like me ka cyproterone acetate, ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i kahi kanaka macho maʻamau e ulu i ka boobs, ʻaʻole he antipsychotic e like me benperidol, ka mea e makemake ʻole ai ʻoe. ʻIke ʻia, ua loli nui ke kuleana o nā "castrators" i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mana kaua o nā mea kākau ma hope o ka moʻolelo o Theon Greyjoy - ʻaʻohe mea, ua hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho he maikaʻi loa, ʻae.

E hoʻoweliweli anei nā mea pilau i nā koa? Ua kākau ʻia kēia e kekahi mea i hele ʻole i ka hale paʻahao.

A ʻo ka scopolamine kahi mea hoʻopau makemake? Bugaga.

No laila, ʻaʻole au e hoʻāʻo e hāʻawi i nā hiʻohiʻona mai kēia papa inoa no kēlā me kēia hui. Aia paha lākou, akā ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ʻo ia wale nō ka manaʻo o nā mea kākau i hōʻike iā lākou, a ʻaʻole paha wau makemake)))

Hoʻopilikia pū wau i ka hui o nā mea hoʻonāukiuki - ʻo ia ka huina o nā lachrymators (he aha ka mea e uē ai lākou) a me nā sternites (he aha ka mea e ʻā ai lākou). ʻAʻole wau e noʻonoʻo i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki - ʻo ka mea mua, aia kekahi pilikia me lākou - ʻaʻole lākou e lōʻihi lōʻihi, ʻoiai inā haʻalele ʻoe i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia, a me kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi hemahema, ʻoi aku hoʻi me CS ma Vietnam (akā naʻe, ma hope o nā defoliants. , ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo ʻo ia ka pilikia nui loa). ʻAe, ʻo ka lua, e like me koʻu hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ua hoʻoluhi nā longreads i ka mea heluhelu)

No laila, %username%, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā mea hoihoi loa!

ʻAʻohe pāʻani pāʻani i kēia manawa, no laila e koho kēlā me kēia i kā lākou punahele ponoʻī.

Ftorotan (halotana)

ʻO Ftorotan ka mea ʻoluʻolu loa, maʻalahi a hoihoi ʻole. He wai waihoʻoluʻu ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke puhi ʻia a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (kahi e hoʻolapalapa ai ma kahi o 50°C). Aala like chlorform.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka anesthesia Fluorotane no nā hana like ʻole, me ka hana o ka ʻōpū (ma ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka ʻōpū), i nā keiki a me nā ʻelemakule, a me nā maʻi me ka hānō bronchial. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka anesthesia fluorotane i nā hihia kahi e pale ʻia ai ka haʻalulu a me ka haʻalulu o ka mea maʻi (no ka laʻana, i ka neurosurgery, ophthalmology, etc.). No ka hoʻouluʻana i ka anesthesia, e hoʻomaka me ka hoʻolakoʻana i ka fluorothane i ka 0,5 vol.% (me ka oxygen), a laila i loko o 1,5-3 mau minuke e hoʻonui i ka 3-4 vol.%. No ka mālama ʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ka anesthesia, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano o 0,5-2 vol.%.

I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fluorotane, hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ka ʻike 1-2 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hanu ʻana i kāna mau mahu. Ma hope o 3-5 mau minuke, hoʻomaka ka hana o ka anesthesia. 3-5 mau minuke ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka fluorotane, hoʻomaka ka poʻe maʻi e ala. Nalo loa ke kaumaha anesthesia 5-10 mau minuke ma hope o ka anesthesia pōkole a me 30-40 mau minuke ma hope o ka anesthesia lōʻihi. Kakaʻikahi ka ʻoliʻoli a hōʻike nāwaliwali. ʻAʻohe ʻeha o ka ʻōpū hanu.

'Ōlelo lākou,ʻaʻole ponoʻoe e pāʻani me ka fluorotane, no ka mea, ma kekahi mau mea e hoʻopōʻino ai ka ate (halothane hepatitis). Loaʻa ka maʻi hepatitis i ka poʻe ma mua o 40 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka hopena o ka fluorotane ma muli o ka hopena pololei wale nō, akā no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā metabolites toxic (trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetaldehyde).

Akā, no ka mea he 6,7 ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka fluorotane ma mua o ka ea, ua manaʻo maoli ʻia ʻo ia he koho "gasela hiamoe", ʻo ka hemahema, pono ʻoe e hana wikiwiki, no ka mea ma hope o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā mahu, e ala nā mea a pau i 5 mau minuke.

Loaʻa nā waiwai like o Isoflurane.
Isoflurane

He mau mea hiki ole ke komo. Akā ʻike lākou i ka hui nui a weliweli o nā kauka - nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka wā pōkole - kino a i ʻole physiological.

ʻO wai hou mākou ma ʻaneʻi?

Apomorphine

ʻAe, ʻike ʻia paha ka apomorphine i ka poʻe e hoʻomake i ka meaʻai. ʻAe, ʻae, he lāʻau kēia i loaʻa mai ka morphine ma ka wehe ʻana i ka waika hydrochloric. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke alahaka oxygen o nā alkaloids morphine a, ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ka molekala, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pūhui ʻehā-cyclic hou.

Pono nā mea hoʻohana lāʻau a pau e kū a holo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau - ʻoiai ua paʻa ka apomorphine i kekahi o nā waiwai o kona makuakāne, ʻokoʻa kona hopena nui: he emetic ikaika. ʻO ka 0,01 mg/kg ke kumu o kēia mau ʻano ʻoluʻolu: i ka manawa mua, ʻo %username%, ʻike ʻoe i ka maʻi kai: ʻeleʻele, ka hou anuanu, nausea - inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i maʻi i ke kai, a laila e hele i mua - maopopo ʻoe e maopopo i kona ʻano. A laila ma hope o 3-10 mau minuke e hoʻomaka koke ʻoe i ka luaʻi nui a me ka ʻole. ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole ia e like me ka "hoʻolei ʻana" e like me kekahi manawa ma hope o ka inu ʻana - ʻaʻole: pili maoli ʻoe me kahi hoaaloha keʻokeʻo, aia paha ia i kahi hanohano i kou hale. Hoʻokahi hola e apo aku iā ia a kāhea iā Ichthyander - i nā manawa a pau, me ka hoʻomaha ʻole. A laila, hoʻokuʻuʻo ia - kahi nāwaliwali a pau nā mea a pau.

Ua maopopo i kēia manawa ke kumu i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka apomorphine i ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana no ka make?

He mea maopopo, he mea pono ole i ke kaua ke koa ikaika e ake nui nei i kona aina hanau. Hoʻokahi wale nō drawback: pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka apomorphine i loko o ke kahe koko a i ʻole i ka ihu. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena, pono ʻoe e inu nui me ka wai (ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mg) - a aia ia i loko o ka capsule gelatin me ka waikawa ascorbic, inā ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka waiwai i ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole e hana pēlā i ke kaua.

Ma ke ala, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka apomorphine e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā mea inu ʻona piha. He mea maʻalahi ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa: apomorphine hydrochloride ma lalo o ka ʻili i hoʻokahi dosis o 0,002 g i 0,01 g, e koho pākahi i ke ʻano o ka luaʻi ʻana i ka mea maʻi i hāʻawi ʻia. 3-4 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka apomorphine, hāʻawi i ka mea maʻi i kahi aniani me 30-50 ml o ka inu ʻawaʻawa āna i hana ʻino ai. Ke hoʻomaka ka nausea, manaʻo lākou e inu i ka inu, a laila e honi ʻoe a holoi i kou waha me ia. Ke piʻi ikaika ka nausea a manaʻo ka mea maʻi i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka luaʻi, pono ʻo ia e inu hou i kahi inu ʻona. ʻO ka maʻamau 1-15 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka nausea, ulu ka luaʻi. Hana ʻia nā papa hana 1-2 mau manawa i ka lā. Paipai ʻo Pavlov.

Aia kekahi mau mea me nā hopena like. Eia ka laʻana kokoke loa:
Lycorine

ʻAʻohe mea e loaʻa i ka lycorine, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia: he alkaloid i loaʻa i nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana amaryllis, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā mea kanu o ka genera Clivia, Crinum, Galanthus, a me Ungernia.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi o 50 mau manawa nāwaliwali ma mua o ka apomorphine, akā hoʻoulu ia i ka luaʻi ʻoiai inā e ʻona ʻia me nā antipsychotics - ʻo ia ke kumu i kaulana loa ai ka poʻe suicidal.

Fentanyl

Loaʻa iaʻu kahi makemake pilikino i kēia mea, akā he moʻolelo ʻē aʻe kēlā. ʻO Fentanyl kahi analgesic narcotic. I ka hana lapaʻau hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka citrate. Loaʻa i kahi hopena analgesic ikaika a wikiwiki. Ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini, kū lākou mai ia. A ikaika. E like me ka heroin.

Ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka makua i nā holoholona, ​​​​e hoʻoulu ai i ka analgesia ma nā ʻano o ka hapa tausani a hiki i ka hapa haneri o mg/kg. Loaʻa ka hopena i loko o 2-10 mau minuke. ʻO ka nui make o ka fentanyl no ka ʻiole i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ke koko he LD50 = 3-5 mg/kg. Hoʻopau ʻo Fentanyl i ka naʻau o ke kanaka ma ka waha waha o 0,05-0,1 mg / kg, a ma kahi ʻoi aku ma luna o 0,2 mg / kg, ua hiki mai nā convulsions.

ʻAe, ua maopopo ʻaʻole i hoʻōki ka poʻe kemika wiwo ʻole i ka fentanyl a hoʻomaka e ʻimi ikaika i ka mea e hana ai me ia e puka wikiwiki ai, kiʻekiʻe, ikaika. ʻAe, pono wau e ʻōlelo - ua hana. ʻO kekahi mau holomua ma lalo.

Carfentanil

ʻO ka lanakila nui loa. ʻO kekahi o nā opioids ikaika loa, hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka carfentanil he 100 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka nui like o ka fentanyl, 5000 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o kahi pūʻulu heroin, a he 10 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o kahi pūʻulu morphine. ʻO ka hana analgesic median ED000 (ʻo ia hoʻi, pili ia i 50% o nā kumuhana) no kēia mea i ka wā i lawelawe ʻia ai i nā ʻiole he 50 mcg/kg, ʻo ka median lethal dose LD0,41 (ma ʻaneʻi 50% i make) he 50 mg/kg, ʻike ʻia ma hoʻomaka ke kino kanaka me 3,39 mcg.

I ka wā maluhia, hoʻohana ʻia ka carfentanil i mea hoʻomaha no nā elepani: inā ʻoe, %username%, e mālama i kahi elephant ma ka home, a laila e hoʻomoe iā ia, e ʻike ʻoe ua lawa ʻelua milligrams carfentanil. Hana ʻia kēia mea ma ke kālepa: aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo o ka inoa inoa ʻo Wildnil ma ke ʻano he anesthetic maʻamau i manaʻo ʻia no nā holoholona nui - ʻaʻole manaʻo ka mana kiʻekiʻe i kona hoʻohana ʻana i nā kānaka. Inā makemake ʻoe, ʻo ka opioid ikaika loa i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa no ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kanaka he sufentanil, ma kahi o 10-20 mau manawa haʻahaʻa i ka carfentanil. Ma ke ala, hoʻohana ʻia ka ohmefentanil no nā holoholona. A ʻo ia, ʻo kēia mau "flying syringes" mai kēia kumuhana.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona kaulana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka carfentanil i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa holoholona he ʻāpana o ka Discovery Channel documentary series Animal Cops: Houston, ka mea i hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka bea ʻeleʻele me ka carfentanil (hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka meli) i mea e lawe maluhia ʻia ai mai kahi. mea hoʻomāinoino ma ka hema. ʻO Texas i ka Zoo Houston.

Wahi a kekahi poʻe akamai, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia e nā pūʻali palekana Lūkini, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi aerosol e pili ana i ka carfentanil i ka wā o ka ʻino ʻana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Dubrovka ma Moscow i ka makahiki 2002 e hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā mea hoʻoweliweli e hoʻopau i nā mea pahū. Ua unuhi ʻia kēia hopena mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua aʻo ʻia nā lawelawe lapaʻau pilikia (me ka lohi a me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mea hana) e hoʻohana i nā antagonists opioid. Ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻike, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kauka ke hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻōla a hāʻawi i ka nui o ka naloxone a me ka naltrexone i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia mau kumu e kōkua pono i nā poʻe āpau. Ke manaʻo nei ʻo carfentanil wale nō ka mea ikaika o ka hypnotic aerosol, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka make ʻana paha ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hanu o ka opioid, a ma ia hihia ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hanu a me nā mea kū'ē i ka ʻāina (ma mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana i nā keʻena lapaʻau) i hoʻopakele i nā ola o ka hapa nui. a i ʻole nā ​​mea pōʻino a pau.

E hōʻike hou aku au: ʻAʻole wau i laila, ke kākau nei au i nā mea i wehe ʻia, a no laila ke ʻōlelo nei au aia kekahi mau manaʻo e:

• ʻAʻole ia he carfentanil i hoʻohana ʻia, akā ʻo 3-methylfentanyl (e kūkākūkā ʻia ma lalo).
• Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Fluorothane (ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe).
• Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo BZ (e pau loa ma lalo).

I ka pōkole, %username%, inā he mau nīnau hou kāu e pili ana i kēia, e kelepona +74952242222.

Alfentanil

ʻO Alfentanil ke kaikaina loa o carfentanil. Ma ka nui o 0,0025 mg / kg, ʻike ka poʻe i ka haʻalulu, a ma ke ʻano o 0,175 mg / kg, lilo ke kanaka i ʻole 4-5 mau minuke ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka US National Institute of Justice, i kāna ʻimi ʻana i nā mea hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka poʻe lawehala me ka ʻole e hōʻeha iā lākou, ua hoʻohana pū ʻo ia i ka alfentanil. Ua hoʻololi ʻia, akā, inā ʻoi aku ʻoe i ka nui o ka therapeutic dose e 4 mau manawa, aia ka pilikia o ka hopu hanu make. I ka hopena, ua haʻalele nā ​​mea noiʻi i nā hoʻokolohua me ka alfentanil a ʻimi i nā mea palekana. ʻO 1972-methylfentanyl, synthesized i ka makahiki 3, ua lilo i mea kaulana loa - he lāʻau ikaika a me ka analgesic, 500-2000 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka heroin. Ke lawelawe ʻia e ka inhalation, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana o 3-methylfentanyl ma mua o nā psychomimetics.

3-methylfentanyl

I ka ʻike e pili ana i nā waiwai o nā derivatives fentanyl, ua hoʻoholo kekahi e hana i kā lākou lāʻau make me ka hana a me nā wahine hoʻokamakama - a ʻike ʻia ka α-methylfentanyl. He lāʻau ʻino kēia mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka synthesize i waena o nā derivatives fentanyl. Nā hiʻohiʻona: hoʻopau i ke ola o ka poʻe e ʻae iā ia, a ka poe hana. Ma ke kumu, ʻaʻole wau e kākau i kekahi mea e pili ana iā ia. E kala mai, %username%.

Ma ke ala, no ka immobilize, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e pīpī iā ia me ka piha i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. He hopena immobilizing ka hui ma lalo nei:

ʻO 0,001 mg / kg ke kumu o ka maʻiʻole o ke kino,ʻoiai ua hala koke. No ka nāwaliwali mau loa, pono ʻoe e ʻai nui: ʻo ka nui o nā mea ʻawaʻawa he 1000 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ua poina iaʻu i ka inoa liʻiliʻi o kēlā me kēia lā o kēia mea, akā ua loaʻa iaʻu ke ʻano. E hoʻohana.

Ke hāpai nei mākou i ka pili, %username%!

Sernil

ʻO Sernyl, a i ʻole phencyclidine, a i ʻole SN e like me ka nomenclature o nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe i nā doses o 0,03-1 mg / kg, ma hope o ka hana latent a hiki i hoʻokahi hola, hoʻomaka e hana ʻakaʻaka loa: aia kahi hoʻololi manawa i ka mokuʻāina. o ka hoihoi a me ke kaumaha. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu pehea e haʻi aku ai i kēia ʻano o nā manaʻo, akā i ka hopena e luhi koke ke kino. Aia kahi manaʻo o ka loneli hohonu a me ke kaʻawale, a laila - negativism a me ka huhū. 8-10 mau hola ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka sernil, ʻokoʻa iki nā hōʻailona mai nā mea ma ka schizophrenia.

Inā hoʻonui iki ʻoe, a laila ma ka 2 mg / kg catalepsy hiki ke hiki i nā lā 3. ʻO kēia ka wā e noho ai ʻoe, e nānā i ka puka makani a ʻaʻole e neʻe. Akā aia nā mea maikaʻi - hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻike i kekahi hale kiʻi ...

Ua hana ʻia kēia hana mana i ka makahiki 1950 ma USA a ua hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā kumu olakino a hiki i 1965. Mai ka makahiki 1979, ua pāpā ʻia ka sernyl no ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana.

Ma ke ala, ʻike paha kahi mea hoihoi o kou pā hale i ka sulfur e like me PCP, Peace pill, Angel dust - ʻae, mele ʻo "Aria", HOG, Killer weed, KJ, Embalming fluid, Rocker fuel, Sherms, etc.

Hoʻomaka koke ʻo Sernil i ka addiction, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lili nui kēia hoa i nā kumu ʻē aʻe o ka leʻaleʻa honua: i hui pū ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe - no ka laʻana, ka waiʻona, marijuana a me benzodiazepines - hiki ke alakaʻi i ka coma.

ʻO kēia ka hoaaloha a me ka hoa aloha o Sernil:
ʻO kekahi poʻe lapuwale

ʻO kēia ka lua o ka mea i poina iaʻu i ka inoa liʻiliʻi. I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i kaʻu kākau lima ʻino, %username%! E manaʻoʻiʻo mai iaʻu, ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kēia ma mua o nā lāʻau make.

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻōpala i ka nui o 60-210 mcg/kg i nā hola 0,5-2 inā lawe waha ʻia, a inā inhaled a injected, a laila ma hope o 5 mau minuke. Ma ka awelika, pono 5 mg wale nō i kēlā me kēia kanaka.

Ke hoʻopili ʻia, ua like loa nā hōʻailona me sernil. Ma hope koke iho o ka ʻona ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka nāwaliwali, ka noʻonoʻo, ka haʻalulu a me ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo, a laila e ʻike ʻia ka nausea, ka ʻeha o ka waha a me ka ʻōlelo. A ma kahi o hoʻokahi hola e hoʻomaka ai ka mea nui. ʻO ka hiki ke noʻonoʻo a noʻonoʻo, e nalowale ka manaʻo o ka manawa a me ke ākea. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, hoʻololi ʻia nā reflexes conditioned. A ʻo ka mea nui loa: hallucinations. waihoʻoluʻu. ʻO ka lohe a me ka nānā. Akā ʻo ka pilikia, weliweli nā mea a pau. E kū'ē i ke kua o ka manaʻo mau o ka makaʻu a me ka weliweli, he mea kēia. E makaʻu ʻoe, lohe a ʻike i kāu mea e makaʻu ai no nā hola 5-6 lōʻihi, a inā ua laki ʻoe i ka hopu ʻana i ka 200 mcg/kg a ʻoi aku paha, hiki mai ka depersonalization piha, ʻo ʻoe, %username%, ʻaʻole % username% - akā he mea liʻiliʻi, makaʻu, hoʻoluliluli i kahi mea i uē, uē a makaʻu. ʻAʻole leʻaleʻa?

ʻO ka hauʻoli nui loa e pili ana nā psychotropic incapacitants kaulana loa me nā hopena hallucinogenic.

No laila, e hui kāua - LSD

Ma ke ala, ma hope o ka huaʻōlelo "LSD" ka inoa o kēia haku hana - D-lysergic acid N,N-diethylamide. ʻAe, e pili ana i ke kāhea ʻia ʻana e kou inoa mua a me ka patronymic.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, %username%, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu pehea a me ke kumu. Ma ka lā 16 o Nowemapa, 1938, ua loaʻa iā Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann ma Basel ka LSD-25 mai ka lysergic acid (25 no ka mea ʻo ia ka 25th compound āna i synthesized). Ua ʻike mua ke kanaka e pili ana i ka ʻona o nā ergotoxins mai ka ergot; Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Arthur Stoll i ka hale hana ʻo Sandoz i ka ergotamine mai ka sclerotia i ka makahiki 1918 - akā ua aʻo lākou iā ia ma ka mālamalama o kona hopena hoʻoulu i nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo he pilikia ʻo Hofmann me kāna kōpū, akā i kekahi ala a i ʻole, ua loaʻa iā ia ka LSD. E paʻipaʻi iā ia (ʻoiai ua make mua ʻo ia, ʻaʻole mai kēia).

A no laila, i ka lā 19 o ʻApelila, 1943, ua ʻae ʻo Hofmann, e like me ka ʻepekema ʻoiaʻiʻo (hmm?), i kāna mea i hana ai. 250 micrograms. ʻO ka hopena: ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻomaka ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hopohopo. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua ikaika loa ka hopena a ʻaʻole hiki iā Albert ke hana hou i nā huaʻōlelo koʻikoʻi a, i ʻike ʻia e kona kōkua, hoʻolaha ʻia no ka hoʻokolohua, holo ʻo ia i ka home ma luna o ke kaʻa. Ua lilo ka huakaʻi i mea hoʻohauʻoli: ʻo ko Hofmann mau manaʻo - kaʻa mālie loa - ʻaʻole i kūlike me nā mea i manaʻo ʻia: ua holo ʻo ia me he puaʻa puaʻa i hoʻoulu ʻia. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka boulevard ma ke ala e hele ai i ka hale no Hofmann i kiʻi pena ʻia e Salvador Dali: me he mea lā ua uhi ʻia nā hale me nā nalu liʻiliʻi.

Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o Hofmann i ka home, ua noi ʻo ia i kona kōkua e kāhea i ke kauka a noi i kahi hoalauna no ka waiū, āna i koho ai i lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau no ka ʻona.

ʻAʻole hiki i ke kauka hōʻea ke ʻike i nā mea ʻino i loko o ka mea maʻi, koe wale nā ​​​​haumāna i hoʻopalahalaha. Eia naʻe, no kekahi mau hola, aia ʻo Hofmann i loko o kahi ʻano ʻino: me he mea lā ua ulu ʻia ʻo ia e nā daimonio, he kupua kona hoalauna, a ʻo nā lako o kona hale ke hoʻoweliweli iā ia. A laila, ua emi ka manaʻo o ka hopohopo, a ua hoʻololiʻia e nā kiʻi likeʻole i keʻano o nā pōʻai a me nā spirals,ʻaʻole i nalowale me nā maka pani. Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Hofmann ua ​​ʻike ʻo ia i ke kani o kahi kaʻa e hele ana ma ke ʻano o kahi kiʻi optical.

Ma ʻApelila 22, ua kākau ʻo ia e pili ana i kāna hoʻokolohua a me kāna ʻike, a ma hope ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia memo ma kāna puke LSD - My Problem Child.

Ma ka ʻōlelo mua o kāna puke, ua kākau ʻo Hofmann, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kemika ma muli o kona makemake i ka lokahi maoli me ke ʻano. Ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i nā mea e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki o ke kanaka ke ʻike i ke ao holoʻokoʻa iā ia. Eia naʻe, i ka manawa i kākau ai i ka puke, ua ʻike mua ka ʻepekema ʻo ka pilina āna i ʻike ai ʻaʻole wale e hoʻonui i ka ʻike, akā hiki ke hoʻopau i ka psyche kanaka, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena pōʻino.

"ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻike mystical, ʻoi aku me ke kōkua o LSD a me nā hallucinogens like, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻike ʻike makaʻala, e pili ana i nā pōʻino ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Pono ka poʻe hoʻomaʻamaʻa e noʻonoʻo i kekahi o nā hopena o kēia mau mea, ʻo ia hoʻi ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ko mākou ʻike, ka hohonu hohonu o mākou iho. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o LSD a hiki i kēia lā ke hōʻike nui nei i nā hopena pōʻino e hiki ke loaʻa ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka hohonu o kāna mau hopena a ʻike ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e lawe ʻia no ka leʻaleʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana a me ka hoʻohana pono ʻole i lilo i LSD i kaʻu keiki pilikia."

- "ʻO LSD kaʻu keiki pilikia", A. Hofmann.

Eia naʻe, mai ia manawa, ʻApelila 19, 1943, ua kapa ʻia kekahi poʻe kākoʻo ʻo "Bike Day" a hoʻolauleʻa hoʻi. Ma koʻu ala ponoʻī.
Sila no ka hanohano o ka hoomaha. He aha ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka peʻa - koho?

He paʻakikī loa ka hana o ka LSD. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia mea he analogue structural o serotonin, kahi neurotransmitter e hoʻoponopono i nā kūlana hoʻomaha, hiamoe a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu. ʻO ka hopena antiserotonin o LSD e alakaʻi i ka hallucinations. Ma waho aʻe o ka serotoninolytic haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (kahi mea e ālai ai i nā mea hoʻokipa o nā nerve synapses i loko o ka mea hoʻoponopono he serotonin), he hopena hoʻi ka LSD i ka hopena inhibitory i ka monoamine oxidase (MAO) o serotonin, a me ka MAO o nā mea hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe. - γ-aminobutyric acid, histamine a me ka norepinephrine. I ka pōkole, ʻokoʻa ka hopena a pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole i aʻo piha ʻia.

No kekahi manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau hou e hāʻawi i ka ʻike i ke ʻano o ka schizophrenia, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā pilikia me ka hana o ke serotonin. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i manaʻoʻiʻo ka nui o nā ʻepekema he ʻano like ka psychedelic a me ka schizophrenic psychosis. ʻOiai kekahi mau mea like, ua hōʻole ʻia ke kuhiakau o ke ʻano hoʻokahi o ka schizophrenia a me ka hana a LSD.

ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole, i ka makahiki 1960, ua hana ikaika ʻia ka noiʻi LSD - a ke kamaʻilio nei wau e pili ana i kahi noiʻi maluhia loa e nā ʻepekema ma nā kulanui ma USA a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā haʻawina kaulana loa na Stanislav Grof lāua ʻo Timothy Leary. Hoʻoikaika ikaika ka mea hope i kēia mea psychotropic, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena ma mua o nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka LSD i kekahi mau haumāna me ka ʻole o ka haʻi ʻana iā lākou i kona inoa, e like me ka mea i hana pinepine ʻia i ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana i nā psychedelics i kēia wā. Ma hope iho, ua hoʻomaʻau ikaika ʻia ʻo Timothy Leary e nā luna, ʻo ia hoʻi ma muli o kona kūlana koʻikoʻi i nā pono o ka "hoʻonui o ka ʻike" no nā kānaka.

I ka makahiki 1977, i ka hoʻolohe ʻana o ka Senate US, ua ʻae ka Luna Hoʻokele o CIA ʻo Stansfield Turner e alakaʻi ana ka CIA i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua e hoʻohana ana i ka LSD ma luna o nā poʻe me ka ʻole o ko lākou ʻae a ʻike ʻole mai nā makahiki 1960 mua (ka papahana MK Ultra). Nui nā ʻAmelika i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ia mau hoʻokolohua, ma waena o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā paʻahao, nā mea maʻi i nā haukapila psychiatric a me nā mea maʻi i nā kikowaena maʻi maʻi, nā kahu hānai, a me "nā limahana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe." I ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kumuhana hoʻokolohua "i nā hōʻailona mua o ka schizophrenia."

ʻO kahi nalu o ka makemake no nā mea psychotropic a me LSD i holo ma ʻAmelika, kahi i hoʻoikaika nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka counterculture o nā makahiki kanaono a me kanahiku. Ua ʻike nui ʻia ka ʻōlelo a Kauka Leary a ua lilo ia i kumu no ka poʻe kākoʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā psychedelics: "Hula, hoʻolohe, haʻalele." ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "hāʻule i waho" ʻo ia ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻano conservative a me ke ʻano o ka nohona o ka ʻāpana nui o ke kaiāulu.

I ka makahiki 1966, ua pāpā ʻia ka hana ʻana, ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua pāpā ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka noiʻi ʻana.
A ʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake ka poʻe noʻonoʻo iā LSD.

• I ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ai ka Beatles i ke mele "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", ua wehewehe ʻo John Lennon i ke kumu o ke poʻo inoa o ia mele ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua bapetizo kāna keiki ʻo Julian i kāna kaha kiʻi ma ia ala. Eia naʻe, nui ka poʻe i ʻike ma kēia inoa i kahi hōʻailona o ka lāʻau LSD, no ka mea ʻo ia ka pōkole i hana ʻia i kāna mau leka mua, a ua pāpā loa ka BBC i ke mele mai ka hoʻololi ʻana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Paul McCartney ma hope mai ua maopopo loa ka mana o LSD ma kēia mele.
• ʻO nā poʻe o LSD i hoʻokomo i nā kānaka ʻepekema koʻikoʻi e like me Francis Crick, kekahi o nā paionia i ke aʻo ʻana i ke ʻano a me nā hana o DNA, a me Stanislav Grof, nāna i aʻo i ka psychology transpersonal. Ua hoʻohana pū ʻo Steve Jobs lāua ʻo Bill Gates i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua wehewehe ʻo Jobs i kāna ʻike LSD ʻo "kekahi o nā mea nui ʻelua a ʻekolu paha aʻu i hana ai i koʻu ola." Ma ke ala, ua make ʻo Jobs i ka maʻi maʻi pancreatic, a ʻo Gates kekahi o nā mea paʻa moʻolelo no ka nui o nā kālā i hāʻawi ʻia i ke aloha. ʻAʻole pili paha kēia me ia.
• He mea ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ia ka LSD i hoʻohana ʻia "no ka hoʻoulu ʻana" e nā mea kākau kaulana honua ʻo Aldous Huxley ("Brave New World"), Kurt Vonnegut ("Cat's Cradle"), Ken Kesey ("One Flew Over the Cuckoo's". Nest") a me nā mea mele ʻē aʻe e like me John Lennon, Syd Barrett, Jim Morrison a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
• Ma ke ala, ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Black Mirror. ʻO Bandersnatch" ka mea koa a me kāna hoa i ʻike i nā hopena o LSD e like me ka mea maoli.

Akā, e hoʻi kāua i kā mākou kumuhana. I ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana o LSD, ua loaʻa i nā koa a me nā lawelawe kūikawā kahi papa inoa piha o nā ʻano mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me ka hopena like: mescaline, psilocybin, TMA, THC, nalorphine, harmine, DOM, DMT, ibotenic acid. ʻO ia ka N,N-dimethylamide like o ka acetic acid - a ma ka 400 mg/kg ke kumu o ke kaumaha, nalowale o ka orientation, hallucinations ʻike maka, delirium a me ka lethargy - a hilinaʻi, no 7 mau lā!

Akā ua koho lākou iā LSD. No ke aha mai?

• No ka pakele hilinaʻi, 0,1-0,2 mg no ka teetotaler a me 0,3-0,5 mg no ka mea inu ua lawa (ʻae, pololei!). HE LIILII LOA KEIA! ʻO ia ke kumu ma nā wahi hoihoi ʻaʻole lākou e kūʻai aku i nā papa LSD - kūʻai aku lākou i nā hōʻailona inā ʻoe e palu iā lākou, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoe e loaʻa i ka nui kūpono.
• Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka LSD i ka wai (ma ke ʻano o ka tartrate) a paʻa loa.
• ʻO ka maʻi make ma kahi o 100 mg i kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻo ia ka 500-1000 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hopena kūpono. He mea paʻakikī loa ka pepehi ʻana (akā ma ke ala, 1 o 3 mau kānaka e ala aʻe mai ka N,N-dimethylamide o ka acetic acid i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna).
• ʻAʻohe hopena kumulative.
• ʻAʻohe habituation - ma ka liʻiliʻi physiologically.
• "E lawe ana" no ka liʻiliʻi o 5 mau hola - ka lōʻihi o 2 mau lā.

No laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kona ala i loko o nā moʻolelo, akā ua lawe ʻia ma lalo o ke code LSD maopopo a maopopo. Ua hana pū lākou i nā analogues! ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua holo lākou a pau i ka holomua.
ʻO nā analogues nui o LSD (i loko o nā pale i kā lākou hana hallucinogenic e pili ana i ka LSD i %)

• 2-bromo-LSD (7%, ʻike ʻia ka hopena ma 2% wale nō o nā kumuhana, 1,5 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka antiserotonin ikaika ma mua o LSD, abbreviation - BOL);
• lysergic acid amide (0%);
• Lysergic acid dimethylamide (10%);
• lysergic acid monoethylamide (5-10%);
• lysergic acid morpholide (30%);
• 1-acetyl-LSD (100%, akā ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hana he 2-3 mau manawa pōkole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hopena vegetative, ka inoa - ALD-52);
• 1-methyl-LSD (36%, 4 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o LSD ma ke ʻano o ka hana antiserotonin);
• 1-methoxy-LSD (66%);
• lysergic acid pyrrolidide (5%).

ʻIke ʻia ka hemahema o ka LSD: pono ka ergot no ka synthesis, pono e ulu, hoʻohua liʻiliʻi i ka lysergic acid - he kumukūʻai ka huahana. Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka ʻino. A ua loaʻa naʻe iā mākou!
BZ

ʻAʻole, %username%, "BZ" ʻaʻohe mea pili i nā leo o ke kumu kūlohelohe. A ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo "BZ", ke loaʻa kahi hewa me ka hoʻolālā, huli ʻia ʻo "YA" he coincidence wale nō. Malia paha.

ʻO BZ - benzyl acid 3-quinuclidyl ester he psychotomimetic mai ka hui glycolate.
Ua hana ʻia e ka hui lāʻau lapaʻau Swiss ʻo Hoffman-LaRoche i ka makahiki 1951 - ke noiʻi nei ka hui i nā antispasmodics no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi gastrointestinal. A ʻo ka mea i lilo i mea kūpono ʻole no nā maʻi maʻi i lilo i mea kūpono loa no nā kumu ʻē aʻe (pono, me Viagra, ma ke ala, ua like ka mea like).

I kēia manawa, ke ʻimi nei ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika e ʻimi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ʻole ke make, psychoactive incapacitating, me nā lāʻau psychedelic e like me LSD a me THC, nā lāʻau dissociative e like me ketamine a me phencyclidine, nā opioids ikaika e like me fentanyl, a me nā kālā glycolate anticholinergics. . A ia manawa au i laki.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa mua ʻia ʻo "TK", akā i ka wā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka pūʻali koa ma 1961, loaʻa iā ia ka inoa code NATO "BZ". Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻelele ma ke ʻano he "Buzz" ma muli o kēia acronym a me nā hopena i loaʻa i ke kūlana noʻonoʻo o nā limahana noiʻi kanaka ma Edgewood Arsenal ma Maryland.

I ka makahiki 1962, ma ka kahua kaua o Pine Bluff (Arkansas), ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hoʻonohonoho no ka hana ʻana i ka waiwai BZ ma kahi ʻano ʻoihana. Ua loiloi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ke kaua i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua kahua i hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 1966.

No ka mea he aniani keʻokeʻo ʻo BZ me kahi helu heheʻe o 190 ° C, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pōpoki puʻupuʻu i hoʻopuehu i nā pōkā "smoking" pyrotechnic me BZ ma kahi o 1,2 mau ʻeka. Aia kekahi mau "generators" i hoʻopiha ʻia me 5-6 kg o BZ. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia nā koho no ka hoʻohaumia ʻana mai nā shrapnel, nā pōkā, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hana ʻo BZ ma ke ʻano o ka aerosol ma kahi o 110 mg * min / l - a paʻakikī ke pepehi maoli me kēia mea; ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pūʻulu pōʻino e pili ana i nā ʻelemakule, nā keiki a me nā poʻe me nā maʻi ʻeha.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana he mea maʻamau: nā haumāna dilated, waha maloʻo, hoʻonui ʻia ka puʻuwai. Ma hope o 30-60 mau minuke, hoʻomaka ka hana nui o ka pāʻani: nāwaliwali o ka nānā a me ka hoʻomanaʻo, hoʻemi i nā hopena i nā hoʻoulu ʻana o waho, ʻōlelo ʻia ke kaumaha a me ka disorientation i ke kaiapuni. Ma hope o 1-4 mau hola, ʻike ʻia ka tachycardia koʻikoʻi, ka huikau, a me ka nalowale o ka pilina me ka honua o waho. He ikaika loa nā hallucinations i hiki ʻole i ka mea pōʻino ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hana maoli nei a me kāna mea e noʻonoʻo ai. He leʻaleʻa nui kēia, %username%. Makemake ʻoe e ʻakaʻaka, pōʻino.

ʻO ka hopena, ulu ka negativism koʻikoʻi: hana ke kanaka i ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia iā ia. A pinepine pinepine - me ka huhū o ka huhū. ʻO kēia pupule a hiki i 4-5 mau lā, koena maʻi - a hiki i 2-3 mau pule. Hiki ke poho ka hoʻomanaʻo hapa a piha paha.

ʻAʻole i emi iki ka hana o ka BZ ma mua o ka LSD. ʻO BZ kahi mea kū'ē i ka muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano he anticholinergic e hoʻopau i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā nerve impulses me ke komo ʻana o ka acetylcholine - ʻae, % username%, e like me VX, akā aia nā nuances. ʻO ka nuance ka lākiō kiʻekiʻe o ka meaʻawaʻawa i ka hopena kūpono: no ka BZ ʻo kēia lākiō ma kahi o 40 mau manawa (mai ka 32 a 384 mau manawa), ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hopena o BZ he mea make liʻiliʻi loa. I ka pōkole, ʻo ka diabolo ponoʻī e uhaʻi i kona wāwae, akā ʻo Datura, diphenhydramine a me taren (aprofen) he mau kaikunāne i ka hana o ka hana me BZ. ʻAe, ʻaʻole paha he ʻohana, akā he mau hoahānau.

Aia kahi ʻōlelo o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ke Kaua Vietnam, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he "ʻoluʻolu."

Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻona ʻia ʻo Paul Robeson me BZ i ka makahiki 1961, ka mea i hoʻoulu ai i ka hallucinations a me ke kaumaha nui.

I Pepeluali 1998, ua hoʻopiʻi ke Kuhina Kūʻai ʻo UK iā Iraq no ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ka glycolate anticholinergic "Agent 15". Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Agent 15 he ʻano kemika i like a pili pili paha me BZ, a ua mālama ʻia i nā mea nui ma mua a i ka wā o ke Kaua Kaiwa. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻoholo ka CIA ʻaʻole ʻo Iraq i hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa i ka Agent 15.

I Ianuali 2013, ua ʻōlelo kekahi luna hoʻomalu o ʻAmelika i ʻike ʻole ʻia, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i kahi kelepona ʻo US State Department, i ʻōlelo ʻia "ʻo nā pilina o Suria e hāʻawi i nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Agent 15, kahi kemika hallucinogenic e like me BZ, ma Homs." Eia naʻe, i ka pane ʻana i kēia mau hōʻike, ua ʻōlelo ka ʻōlelo a ka US National Security Council: "ʻO nā hōʻike a mākou i ʻike ai mai ka pāpā ʻia e pili ana i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia i nā mea kaua kemika ma Suria, ʻaʻole i kūpono i ka mea a mākou e manaʻoʻiʻo ai he ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ka papahana mea kaua kemika Suria. " Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi ua hoʻohana ʻia ka kemika i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻo Ghouta ʻAukake 2013.

Ma April 14, 2018, Lūkini Kuhina Sergei Lavrov hai mai la i poe akamai mai ka Swiss kikowaena no ka radiological a me kemika-radiological kālailai ma ke kulanakauhale o Spiez, nana i kālailai laʻana mai ka Organization no ka pāpā ana i nā mea kaua mai ke kahua o ka poisoning o. ʻO Sergei lāua ʻo Yulia Skripal ma Salisbury, loaʻa nā ʻāpana o BZ. Ma ka lā 18 ʻApelila, ma kahi hālāwai o ka ʻaha kūkā o ka OPCW, ua wehewehe kona luna nui, ʻo Ahmet Üzümcü, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka BZ precursor ma ke ʻano he mana hoʻohālike e nānā i ka maikaʻi o nā laboratories a ʻaʻohe mea pili i nā laʻana mai Salisbury.

Ke kākau nei lākou, i ka makahiki 1988-1990, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā waihona BZ āpau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa me ka hana ʻoihana. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hana hoʻokele hoʻokahi wale nō ma ka honua, aia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Edgewood (USA), e ʻae i ka hana ʻana a hiki i 20 tons / makahiki, ʻoiai ma waho o ʻAmelika ʻaʻole hiki i ka nui o ka hana ʻana i ka 1 ton / makahiki, ʻoiai ka pilikia. ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia i kēia ala i ka hana maikaʻi ʻana o kāna precursor - 3-quinuclidol. ʻAe, ʻo ia kā lākou ʻōlelo, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu. Akā ʻike wau ua hoʻāʻo e hoʻololi - ʻo ka mea kaulana loa ʻo dithran.
ʻO Ditran ka hui pū ʻana o kēia haku mele

Ma kahi maʻa o 5-15 mg, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia hui ʻana e hana i nā hōʻailona like me BZ, e ulu ana i loko o hoʻokahi hola.

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole lawelawe ʻia nā lāʻau psychotropic me nā ʻāina a puni ka honua. Akā i ka nānā ʻana i kekahi mau hanana nui ma nā ʻāina e pili ana a ʻaʻole nui loa, ke kānalua nei au he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia. ʻAʻole paha i loaʻa i nā pūʻali koa, akā ke hana maopopo nei nā lawelawe naʻauao.

ʻAe, penei ka puka ʻana o ka moʻolelo.

E ʻike inā makemake ʻoe, %username%. ʻAʻohe koho pāloka i kēia manawa - e hōʻike ʻia nā mea āpau e ka helu o ka ʻatikala.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ma ka Pōʻaono e hoʻomaka wau i kahi manawa lōʻihi a ʻaʻole lōʻihi loa nā huakaʻi ʻoihana - a no laila ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka manawa no ka noʻonoʻo - e hele au i kahi sabbatical ʻē aʻe. A no ka mea he liʻiliʻi ka manawa, a i kēia manawa aia hoʻokahi wale nō moʻolelo i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o koʻu poʻo e pili ana i ka phosphorus melemele a me ka pōʻino kokoke iā Lvov e pili pū ana me ia, a laila inā ʻike ʻia he hoihoi wau, e kaʻana aku wau i kēia moʻolelo. me ʻoe.

ʻAe, inā ʻaʻole, ua hoʻāʻo wau.

Pōmaikaʻi a mai hopohopo! ʻAʻole ma ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo ...

Source: www.habr.com