Aloha %username%.
ʻOiai ʻoe e ʻeli ana i kāu hāmeʻa, ke hoʻomau nei mākou i ke kumuhana o ka pia, a mākou i uhi mua ai. , ʻoi iki aku - , akā ʻaʻole naʻe mākou e kū ma laila!
ʻOliʻoli loa wau i koʻu hoʻoholo hope ʻana e hoʻopaʻa i kēia i loko o nā ʻatikala, no ka mea mai nā ʻōlelo aʻu i ʻike ai he nui nā pilikia i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻoponopono ʻia - a inā wau i kākau i hoʻokahi ʻatikala, inā paha. ʻaʻole i piha, a lōʻihi loa a luuluu.
A no laila - ua loaʻa iā mākou ke kolu o ka hapa a, ke manaʻolana nei au, ʻaʻole i emi iki. A ke kākau nei au i ke kakahiaka nui i ka lā Sābati, i ʻole e hōʻino i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pule hana. E hoʻopau wau iā ia me nā ʻāpana aʻe :)
Hele.
E hoʻomaka wau me ka moʻolelo i hoʻohiki ʻia o Guinness a me St. Patrick's Day.
ʻO ka lā hoʻomaha Irish nui i pili lōʻihi me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo kala, nā parades, nā leprechaun ʻulaʻula ʻona a me ka pia Guinness. Akā, he mea kupanaha kēia - ma hope o nā mea a pau, he aha ka pili o St.
Akā ʻo ka mea, ʻaʻohe - ʻoi aku: a hiki i ka 60s o ke kenekulia hope, ua pani ʻia nā hale kūʻai āpau ma ka lā St. . Akā no ka mea ʻo Irish ka Irish, ma Malaki 17, e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka hoʻomana Karistiano e ʻIlani, mahalo ka poʻe i ka moʻomeheu Irish.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka "culturedness" o ka lā hoʻomaha i hopu ʻia e nā mea hana Guinness. ʻAʻole i hoʻolaha wale ʻia kā lākou huahana i ka wā hoʻomaha, akā ua hoʻopiʻi pū ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāina like ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻoe i ʻike, %username%, akā ma Malaysia lākou e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka lā ʻo St. Ma Kanada, kahi i kaulana loa ai ka lā hoʻomaha, ua hoʻoikaika ikaika nā ʻelele o ka hale ʻaina e hana ia i lā hoʻomaha aupuni.
Ma keʻano laulā, pono mākou e hāʻawi i ka hui i kāna pono: hana ia i nā mea āpau i ka wā e lohe ai ka poʻe i ka huaʻōlelo "Ireland," ʻo ka mea mua a lākou e hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo ia ka stout kaulana a manaʻo maoli ʻo ia ka pia nui o ka hoʻomaha. Wahi a nā helu helu, piʻi aʻe nā kūʻai aku ʻo Guinness ma kahi o 10 mau manawa ma ka lā St. Patrick. E aʻo i ke kālepa akamai, %username%!
E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana iā Guinness ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa, akā i kēia manawa e hoʻomau mākou e pili ana i nā mea o ka pia. He liʻiliʻi kā mākou i koe - a he koho nā mea a pau.
Hop.
No laila, e hoʻomaka kākou me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka hops (lat. Húmulus) kahi ʻano o nā mea kanu pua o ka ʻohana Hemp. ʻAe, ʻae, ʻo ka hop cones nā ʻohana o kēlā mau cones i makemake nui ʻia e kekahi mau ʻanakē a me nā ʻanakala koʻikoʻi i ke alo o kou lāʻau. Akā, e hoʻopau koke kākou i kekahi o nā moʻolelo: hops, kū'ē i ka manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo "ʻona" a me ke alo o nā ʻohana kānalua i loko o ka ʻohana, ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka ikaika o ka pia, akā loaʻa kahi hopena sedative. haʻahaʻa i ka ikaika i ka valerian. ʻO Valocordin, Valosedan, Novo-Passit, Korvaldin, Sedavit, Urolesan nā mea hoʻomākaukau i loaʻa nā hops a i ʻole nā mea. E ʻoiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka waiʻona ka mea e ona ʻona, ʻaʻole nā hops, ʻo ia ka mea hoʻomaha a hoʻomaha.
Aia nā "cones" o nā hops i ka 8-prenylnaringenin, kahi mea i pili i ka papa o phytoestrogens (phyto - kanu, estrogen - hormone sex wahine), e hāʻawi ana i ka hana estrogenic hops. Ma nā hoʻokolohua ma nā ʻiole castrated a me nā ʻiole pēpē, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo 70% hop extract ma kahi ʻano o 10-30 mg induces estrus a proestrus. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o ka hop extract i nā holoholona no 12 mau lā i hoʻonui i ke kaumaha o ka horn uterine e 4,1 mau manawa. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o 8-isoprenylnaringenin i ka wai inu o nā ʻiole ovariectomized i hopena i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka estrogenic o ka epithelium vaginal. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hopena ma kahi o ka liʻiliʻi o 100 μg / ml, ʻo ia ka 500 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻike o 8-isoprenylnaringenin i ka pia.
Nui nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka hopena o nā phytoestrogens mai ka hops i ka pia i ke kino o ke kanaka: ʻo nā wahine i komo i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hops ua hoʻopau ʻia ko lākou mau pōʻai, ua loaʻa i nā kāne ka pōʻino o ka hanohano - akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā manaʻo. ʻO ka phytoestrogen i loko o nā hops ma kahi o 5000 mau manawa nāwaliwali ma mua o ka estrogen holoholona. No laila, i mea e ulu ai i nā uʻi nani a paʻa, pono ʻoe e inu ma kahi o 5-10 tons pia i kēlā me kēia lā. No laila poina e pili ana i nā huaʻōlelo weliweli "estrus" a me "proestrus", e ho'ōki i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kou mau pū a ʻimi i ka epithelium vaginal - a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e ninini i kahi aniani ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hops kahi mea koho i loko o ka pia. Ma mua, ua hoʻohanaʻia nā mea kanu kūikawā ma kahi o ka hanaʻana, akā, ua like ka pahuhopu: e kaulike i kaʻono o ka malt me kaʻawaʻawa o nā mea kanu. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka pia me ka ʻole o ka hops, akā i kēia hihia e lilo ia i mea ʻole a me ka ʻono.
Hoʻopili ka hops i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike ʻia o ka pia: ka ʻala, ka ʻono holoʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano o ka ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi; ma lalo nei mākou e nānā i nā kikoʻī hou aku. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hops i ka wā mua o ka hana ʻana i ka pia e hoʻonui i ka ʻawaʻawa a me ka ʻike ʻana e hoʻololi i ka ʻono, a ma nā pae hope e hoʻopili nui ʻia i ka ʻala - citrus, passion fruit, floral, mango, herbal, earthy and other beer aromas come from the hops , ʻaʻole mai nā mea hoʻohui nani, e hoʻomaka ana me ka leka "E" a me nā helu ma hope. Akā, mai kuhi hewa, %username%: ʻo kekahi o nā mea ʻala maikaʻi o ka pia he hui ʻia o ke ʻala o ka mimi pōpoki a me ka currant ʻeleʻele - loaʻa kēia hopena e ka nui o ka Simcoe hops, akā ke ʻala o ka kofe hou brewed, ka mea. Ua hoʻowalewale paha ʻoe iā ʻoe i ka hale pāpaʻi e hiki mai ana - akā, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻala a manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia no ka pia. ʻIke ʻia ia ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā hops i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka pia i ka lā - ʻoi aku ma hope.
E like me ka malt, hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻano pia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka hops, i hoʻohui ʻia i nā pae like ʻole. Ma kēia ala, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻono maikaʻi loa a me nā mea ʻala o ka mea inu, a no laila ua mahi ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka brewing hops ma ka honua, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia he mau ʻumi mau ʻano like ʻole, me nā mea kaulana loa e hele mai ana mai Czech Republic a me USA. ʻO kekahi o nā hops kaulana loa a ʻike ʻia ʻo Saaz, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Zhatetsky. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻano lagers, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻawaʻawa maʻalahi a me kahi ʻala honua-spicy ʻike ʻia me nā memo o nā mea kanu. Inā ua inu ʻoe i nā pia Czech maʻamau a i ʻole, ʻōlelo, Stella Artois lager, a laila kamaʻāina ʻoe i kaʻu e kamaʻilio nei.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia nā hops i ke ʻano o nā granule i ka hana ʻana (aia kahi manaʻo ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka pauka pia): ʻo kēia ala e mālama ʻia a mālama ʻia kona mau waiwai, a me ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻole pilikia ka pia ma kekahi ʻano.
Ma Belgium, hoʻohana ʻia nā lau hop a me nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōpio no nā salakeke a hoʻohui ʻia i nā sopa a me nā ʻuala. Ma Romania, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e like me ka asparagus. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hops i ka hana ʻai palaoa no ka kuke ʻana i ka berena a me nā huahana confectionery like ʻole. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā hops i ka hana ʻana i ka pia wale nō, akā i nā waina meli hoʻi: hoʻomaikaʻi lākou i kāna mau ʻano organoleptic, hoʻolaha i ka wehewehe maoli ʻana o ka waina meli a pale iā ia mai ka ʻona.
Akā ʻo ka waiwai nui o nā hops i ka hana ʻana i kā lākou mau waikawa alpha. ʻO kēia ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i nā pūhui paʻakikī e like me ka humulone.
Eia ka humulon nani
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hop, kona ulu ʻana, ka makahiki i ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka humulone, no ka laʻana:
- Helu 4.5-8%
- Kenekulia 9-11.5%
- Chinook 12-14%
- ʻO East Kent Goldings 4.5-7%
- Hallertauer Hersbrucker 2.5-5%
- Mt. Hoʻopaʻa 3.5-8%
- ʻAha 2-5%
- ʻO Styrian Goldings 4.5-7%
- Willamette 4-7%
Ma ke ala, pono e'ōleloʻia ma waho o ka humulone aia kekahi cohumulone, adhumulon, posthumulon a me prehumulon. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau beta acids: lupulone, colupulone a me adlupulone. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi ʻawaʻawa liʻiliʻi i ka pia ma mua o nā waikawa alpha. Akā, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, a no laila lanakila ka alpha male acids.
I ka wā i hoʻomehana ʻia ai, e hana ʻia nā waikawa alpha i ka isomerization, no laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka isohumulone mai ka humulone:
ʻO ka isohumulone ka mea i lawe ʻia e like me ke kūlana ʻawaʻawa i loko o ka Chamber of Weights and Measures. ʻO ka pōkole pohihihi IBU, ʻo ia hoʻi ka International Bitterness Units, e hōʻike maoli ana i ke ʻano o ka isohumulone i loko o ka wai i ka mg / l e pili ana i ka ʻawaʻawa o kekahi pia. . Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka palena o ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻawaʻawa no nā kānaka ma kahi o 120 IBU. ʻO nā mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o kēia waiwai e ʻike like ʻia. Pono kēia e hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā e kūʻai aku ai ʻoe i ka pia ma ke kūʻai aku me nā pae ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe loa; Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe kumu o ka inu pia me ka IBU haʻahaʻa ma hope o kahi waiwai kiʻekiʻe - e "clogged" nā ʻono a lanakila ʻoe ' t mahalo i ka ono.
Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole isomerize nā ʻakika beta e like me nā waikawa alpha. Akā, hoʻokahe mālie lākou. No ka lōʻihi o kēia kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka fermented a me ka ʻelemakule o ka pia, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hopena a ʻike ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa.
ʻO Isohumulone wale nō kekahi o nā waikawa iso-alpha, akā he hopena koʻikoʻi ko lākou āpau: he hopena bacteriostatic ko lākou i nā hua bacteria gram-positive. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻopau kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka bacteria i kuleana no ka fermentation acid lactic - ʻo ia hoʻi, pale i ka pia mai ka ʻona. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hana ka iso-alpha acids i ka hua bacteria gram-negative, a no laila pono e nānā ka brewer i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka sterility inā makemake ʻo ia e kiʻi i ka pia ma ka hopena, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka ʻawaʻawa a me ka ʻawaʻawa.
I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia mau mea, ua maopopo ke kumu i makemake ʻia ai ka pia i ka Middle Ages ma mua o ka wai: ʻo ka ʻala a me ka ʻono o ka mea inu he hōʻike maikaʻi loa ia o kona haumia ʻana me ka bacteria, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka wai ponoʻī.
ʻO nā waikawa Iso-alpha, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe i komo i loko o ka hops, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no ka huʻa: inā ʻo ka malt ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka huʻa, a laila pili ka hops i kona hoʻomau. ʻO kēia, ma ke ala, ʻike nui ʻia i ka lagers māmā māmā me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: e ninini ana i kekahi Miller i loko o ke aniani, ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi poʻo poʻo paʻa.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ia ka iso-alpha acids e alakaʻi i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "skunky beer." Ma ke alo o ka māmā a me ka oxygen, ua wāwahi kēia mau mea i ka hopena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e riboflavin, e hana ana i nā radical manuahi ma o ka homolytic cleavage o ka exocyclic carbon-carbon bond. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao acyl radical i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a laila decomposes hou, e hana ana i kahi radical 1,1-dimethylallyl. Hiki i kēia radical ke hana me ka sulfur-containing amino acids e like me cysteine e hana i ka 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol - a ʻo kēia huahana ke kuleana no ka ʻala skunk. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, ua like ke ʻala e like me ke kofe i kālua hou ʻia.
I kekahi hihia, ʻo ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o nā waikawa iso-alpha he kaʻina hana maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hops i ka pia, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, nalowale ka ʻala a me ka ʻawaʻawa. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia nā pia hopped no ka manawa lōʻihi: hiki i ka pia ke nalowale i ka hapalua o kāna mau mea ʻala i loko o kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka hana ʻana. ʻOi aku ka naʻaupō o ka wehe ʻana. No ka pololei, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole i ka IPA wale nō ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, akā ma ke ʻano maʻamau o kēlā me kēia ʻano pia i ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻāpana hop i ʻike ʻia: ʻo ia nā ʻano like ʻole o Pale Ale (APA, NEIPA, bitters. , etc.), a me nā pilsners (ka hapa nui o ka beer Czech), a me nā helles (Lagers German like Spaten, Löwenbrau, Weihenstephaner a me nā mea like). Maikaʻi ka inu ʻana i kēia pia a pau e like me ka hiki a mai poina iā ia i loko o ka friji a i ʻole, ʻoi aku paha, ma kahi papa i loko o ka lumi lumi no nā mahina he nui. ʻOiai inā wehe ʻia ma mua o ka lā pau, ʻaʻole paha ia e ʻono.
No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka pia, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka manaʻo kūikawā i ka hiki ʻana o ka radiation UV a hiki i ka pia, a me ka ʻike o ka oxygen i ka wai. Loaʻa i kekahi mau breweries ka nui o ka oxygen o nā ʻumi micrograms/l a haʻahaʻa loa - no laila maopopo ʻoe, %username%, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā pae i ʻae ʻia i nā kaapuni hoʻoluʻu o nā reactors nuklea.
Ma ke ala, i kēia lā aia he 250 mau ʻano aila pono i loaʻa i ka hops. Aia i loko o ka mea kanu ka nui o ka myrcene, humulene a me caryophyllene. ʻO ka lua o lākou ke hāʻawi nui loa i ka ʻono a me ka ʻala o ka inu ʻona. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā myrcene ma mua o nā ʻano hop o ʻEulopa. Hoʻohui ia i nā memo citrus a me nā pine. Hoʻohui ʻo Caryophyllene i kahi ʻano mea ʻala a hāʻawi i ka pia i kahi ʻono ʻoi aku ka ʻoi. Ke hui pū ʻia me nā esters i haʻi ʻia i loaʻa i ka wā fermentation, hiki ke loaʻa kahi ʻala paʻakikī e hoʻomaha ai ʻo Rive Gauche a me L'Etoile.
kinoea.
ʻAe, %username%, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ke kinoea he ʻāpana o ka pia.
ʻO ke kinoea mua ma kā mākou papa inoa he carbon dioxide, kekahi o nā mea ʻino o ka hū. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o ka carbon dioxide i loko o ka pia e hoʻomākaukau ʻia e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka makemake o ka mea hoʻolale / ʻenehana, akā ʻaneʻane ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka pahu i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka pia. A ʻo kēia ke kumu nui.
Ma keʻano laulā, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i kēia mau mea: pono mau ke kinoea - ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻoneʻe ia i ka oxygen ʻino mai ka hopena, a ma kekahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻokumu ia i ka ʻūhā i ka wā e wehe ai i ka pia.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻopiha ʻia ka pia i kūʻai ʻia i loko o ka pahu a i ʻole ka ʻōmole i ke kinoea i nā manawa like ʻole o ka fermentation, a i ʻole e hoʻomau ʻia ana ma ka papa i ka hihia i kapa ʻia he pia ola, i fermented i loko o ka ʻōmole. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka mea hana ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka pia me ka carbon dioxide i ka pae i makemake ʻia - wikiwiki a maʻalahi kēia. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia inā makemake ʻia ka pia e hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai kahi pā i loko o kahi pā a hale kūʻai paha. I kēia hihia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ke kinoea i hana ʻia e ka hū mai ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia mai kahi cylinder. Akā ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻoʻiʻo i ka "biocarbon dioxide" a uku i nā kumukūʻai exorbitant e like me ka manaʻo o nā pono o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā huila me ka nitrogen. Pōmaikaʻi iā ʻoe.
No laila, ʻo ka pia e haʻalele ana i ka hale hana, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā pahu kūikawā (kegs), loaʻa ka degere o ka carbonation (carbonation). I ka manawa like, ma ka pae ʻōmole, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o kahi pā a i ʻole hale kūʻai bottling, pono e mālama ʻia kēia pae. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻopili ʻia kahi cylinder kinoea (carbon dioxide a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o ka nitrogen) i ka ʻōnaehana bottling: ʻo kāna hana ʻaʻole wale ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka pia mai ka pahu, akā no ka mālama ʻana i ka carbonation i ka pae kūpono.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma muli o ke kaomi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopihapiha, komo ka nui o ke kinoea i loko o ka pia, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ai ke hāʻawi i nā manaʻo like ʻole i ka wā e ʻai ai. A ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu e ʻike ʻokoʻa ʻia ai nā ʻano ʻano ʻōmole like ʻole ma nā wahi like ʻole a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i kāna mau ʻano ʻōmole a me nā ʻano pahu.
Ma waho aʻe o ka carbon dioxide, pono ka nitrogen i ka nānā kūikawā. E like me ka 60 makahiki aku nei, ua loli nui ka ʻokoʻa o nā waiwai o ka carbon dioxide a me ka nitrogen.
E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka Guinness Draft i ninini ʻia i loko o ke aniani. ʻO kahi poʻo momona ʻeleʻele, ma lalo iho e hāʻule ana nā ʻōpū, e hana ana i kēlā "hopena avalanche", a ʻo ka pia ponoʻī me he mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻohe carbonated, me kahi ʻano palupalu - he hopena kēia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nitrogen i ka draft Guinness. .
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka mea hana i kēia manawa kaulana ʻo Irish stout i hoʻomaka mua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia kinoea i ka wā e ninini ana i ka pia, akā ʻaʻole i hiki mai kēia no ka maikaʻi o ke ola. He mea paʻakikī ka hoʻokūkū kaulana i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX me nā ʻano kikoʻī i kaulana i kēlā manawa, ʻoi aku ka lagers, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kekahi mea e pili ana iā ia: a laila kūʻai ʻia ʻo Guinness me ka mahana i loko o nā hue, a i ʻole. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ninini ʻia me ka carbon dioxide, ka mea i hōʻeha i ka ʻono o ka pia a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka lohi i ke kaʻina hana. Ua koi nā kānaka i ke anu a me ka wikiwiki. Pono e hana ʻia kekahi mea.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilikia e kekahi limahana o ka hale ʻaina Irish, ʻo Michael Ash: he mea makemakika ma ke aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo ia e ka hoʻokele ma ke poʻo o kahi hui i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻenehana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ola o ka pahu Guinness. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Ash i ʻike i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka ea i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka nitrogen ma mua o ke kalapona dioxide, ua kūkulu ʻo ia a me kāna hui i kahi ʻōnaehana e hiki ai ke ninini koke ʻia ka stout mai ka pahu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o nā kinoea like ʻole, me ka nitrogen. ʻO ka hopena, i ka makahiki 1958, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hou a hoʻohana mālie ʻia, e hoʻonui ana i ke kūʻai aku ʻo Guinness i ka hapahā. Ma ke ala, kokoke i ka manawa like ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi pōpō plastik me ka nitrogen i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pia canned, e ʻā ana i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai ke kini a "huhū" i ka pia.
I kēia manawa ma ka honua he mau haneli o nā ʻano ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nitrogen, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka nitrogen a me carbon dioxide: ʻo ka hapa nui ma kahi o 80% a 20%, kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka hapa nui hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania a me ka Irish ales a, ʻoi aku hoʻi, nā stout bottling ma ka nitrogen, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻano like ʻole no ka ʻōmole nitrogen, e like me ka lager.
Eia nō naʻe, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia aia kekahi mau manaʻo me kēia - ke kamaʻilio nei wau e pili ana i nā ʻano āpau o "Nitro IPA": Guinness Nitro IPA, Vermont Nitro IPA a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo IPA (India Pale Ale) kahi ʻano pia kahi e hoʻokani ʻia ai ka hana nui e ka mea hop. ʻAʻole pono e ʻawaʻawa loa nā ales IPA (ua hala kēia ʻano), akā pono e loaʻa kahi ʻawaʻawa hop kikoʻī i loko o ia pia. No ka lele ikaika ʻana i waiwai ai ka poʻe aloha pia i ka IPA a me kāna mau ʻano.
ʻO nā capsules i loko o nā kini Nitro IPA loaʻa ka nitrogen (a i ʻole, kahi hui o ka nitrogen a me carbon dioxide). Hāʻawi ka Nitrogen i ka pia i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona: he poʻo poʻo poʻo momona, ʻoluʻolu a me ka inu. He maikaʻi ke inu i ka pia Nitrogen, me he mea lā he māmā a maopopo.
Akā ma waho aʻe o kēia, aia kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka nitrogen, he insidious: hūnā ʻo ia ma hope ona i kekahi o nā nuances ʻono o ka pia. ʻO ka mea nui, uhi ia i ka ʻawaʻawa. A inā kōkua wale ka nitrogen i ka Guinness stout lahilahi a i ʻole ka Kilkenny ale maʻalahi a hoʻomaopopo ʻia e lilo i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a laila no ka pia hoppy e lilo ia i ʻenemi nui. Lawe ʻo Nitrogen mai ka IPA i nā mea liʻiliʻi e pono ai ke kū i waho o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole hāʻawi kekahi "IPA" me ka nitrogen i ka mea nui i manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi - kahi ʻoluʻolu a maloʻo hop ʻawaʻawa. A i ʻole, e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia, akā e keʻakeʻa ʻia ʻo ia e ke kinoea e pakele ai mai ka capsule: e hoʻomāmā ai ka pia, ʻoluʻolu a inu hoʻi, a e hōʻike pū ana hoʻi i nā ʻōhū nani e kahe ana ma nā paia o ke aniani, akā e hoʻonele iā ʻoe. he aha kēlā mau leka waiwai ʻekolu i kau ʻia ma ke kini no .
I ka pōkole, ʻo "Nitro Ips" ka huahana o ka makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku e hele i kahi bulldog me kahi rhinoceros me ka hopena pili.
Ma ke ala, ʻoiai ua hoʻopā mākou i ke kumuhana o ka huʻa, e hoʻohui hou wau. Hoʻopili nui ʻia ka foam i ka ʻike o ka ʻono a me ka ʻala o ka pia. I ka launa pū ʻana me nā ʻono, ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka manaʻo o ka palupalu o ka mea inu, a me kona haʻalele ʻana a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano ʻono. E ninini i ka palaoa Geremania i loko o ke aniani, e hoʻokuʻu i ka huʻa (pono ʻoe e kali) a hoʻāʻo. I kēia manawa, e ninini i kahi ʻāpana hou i loko o kahi aniani ʻē aʻe i puka mai kahi poʻo huʻa, a inu: manaʻoʻiʻo mai iaʻu, e ʻike maoli ʻoe i ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻo ke ʻano o ke aniani e pili ana i ka nui o ka pua. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka haʻikiʻi ma lalo o kahi kīʻaha pia palaoa maʻamau e loaʻa pololei ana i kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona o ke aniani e hana hou ʻia ka huʻa e pono ai kēia ʻano pia e like me ke kūlana. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka mahana: no ka laʻana, inā mālama ʻia ka pia huki ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe loa, e huhū nui ia ke ninini ʻia. He ʻano maʻamau nō ia no ka pia pumehana a i ʻole ka pia: Manaʻo wau ʻaʻohe mea aloha pia ʻaʻole i hū ʻole i hoʻokahi manawa i ka wā e wehe ai i ka ʻōmole i ka lā wela.
Ma ke ala, inā ʻoe e ʻai i ka pia me nā meaʻai momona, e ʻike ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o ka pua: me kēlā me kēia hoʻopili ʻana, ʻo ka momona e waiho ana ma nā lehelehe e pale i nā protein mai ka hana ʻana i ka huʻa a luku iā ia.
No laila i ka manawa aʻe, e ho'āʻo ana e ninini i kāu pia me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pua, e hoʻomanaʻo: ʻoi aku paha, i kēia manawa ke haʻalele nei ʻoe iā ʻoe iho i ka leʻaleʻa pono ʻole mai ka inu.
Ma ke ala, ʻo ka mahalo i ka ʻūhā he hōʻailona maikaʻi o ka pae o ka ʻike a me nā mākau o ka bartender. ʻAʻole loa e ninini ka pia kūpono i ka pia me ka ʻole o ke poʻo o ka huʻa, inā loaʻa kekahi. A aia ma laila i ka hapa nui o nā hihia, me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe: ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole ka pia ma kona ʻano (no ka laʻana, kapa ʻia nā casque ales a i ʻole nā lager māmā ʻAmelika).
No laila, mai wikiwiki e hoʻopiʻi i ka bartender no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopunipuni iā ʻoe ma ka lawe ʻana i ke aniani me ke poʻo huʻa - ʻoi aku paha ʻoe e hoʻopunipuni iā ʻoe iho.
ʻAe, ua lawa paha ia no kēia lā, a ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka mea hope loa o ka pia - nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, e ʻike mākou inā he superfluous maoli lākou, ka manaʻo o ka poʻe Kelemania a me Belgians, a me GOST. 31711-2012, GOST 55292-2012 a me ke aupuni Lūkini ma ka laulā - a e noʻonoʻo pū kākou i ka mea e pono ai. Nui ka ʻike, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i waiho ʻia ma waho o nā brackets, no laila ʻaʻole paha kēia ka ʻāpana hope.
Puna: www.habr.com