Helu 54 ʻO 500 mau kamepiula hana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua. Ma ka pukana hou, ʻaʻole i loli ka ʻumi kiʻekiʻe. Aia ka pūʻulu ma kahi mua ma ka papa na IBM ma Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Holo ka pūʻulu i ka Red Hat Enterprise Linux a loaʻa iā 2.4 miliona mau cores processor (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i 22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs a me NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators), e hāʻawi ana i ka hana o 148 petaflops.
Loaʻa ka lua o ka hui ʻAmelika , i hoʻokomoʻia ma ka Livermore National Laboratory e IBM ma ke kumu o kahi papahana e like me Summit a hōʻike i ka hana ma 94 petaflops (e pili ana i 1.5 miliona cores).
Aia ma kahi ʻekolu o ka pūʻulu Pākē , e hana ana ma ka National Supercomputing Center o Kina, me ka ʻoi aku o 10 miliona mau cores computing a hōʻike i ka hana o 93 petaflops. Me nā hōʻailona hana like, hoʻopau ka hui Sierra i ka hapalua o ka ikehu e like me ka Sunway TaihuLight.
Ma ka hā o ka hui ʻo Tianhe-2A Kina, kahi kokoke i 5 miliona mau cores a hōʻike i kahi hana o 61 petaflops.
Loaʻa ka pūʻulu i ka pae ʻelima ma ka pae , hana ʻia e Dell no ka Texas Computer Center. E holo ana ka puʻupuʻu i CentOS Linux 7 a ʻoi aku ma mua o 448 tausani cores e pili ana i kahi Xeon Platinum 8280 28C 2.7GHz. ʻO ka nui o ka RAM he 1.5 PB, a hiki i ka hana ke 23 petaflops, ʻo ia ka 6 mau manawa ma mua o ke alakaʻi i ka helu.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa:
- Ua loaʻa i ka pūʻulu Lūkini hou ka 29th wahi ma ka pae , hoʻolaha ʻia e Sberbank. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūʻulu ma luna o ke kahua NVIDIA DGX-2, hoʻohana i ka Xeon Platinum 8168 24C 2.7GHz CPU a loaʻa iā 99600 cores computing. ʻO ka hana SberCloud he 6.6 petaflops. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hana ʻo Ubuntu 18.04.01.
ʻO ka lua o ka puʻupuʻu home, ʻo Lomonosov 2, ua neʻe mai ka 6rd a i ka 93th wahi i ka pae ma luna o 107 mau mahina. Hui i loko iho mai 365 a 465 wahi. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā puʻupuʻu kūloko i ka pae ma mua o ʻeono mahina mai 2 a 3 (ma 2017 aia 5 , a ma 2012 - 12);
- Ka mahele ʻana ma ka helu o nā supercomputers ma nā ʻāina like ʻole:
- Kina: 228 (219 eono mahina aku nei). ʻO ka huina, hoʻopuka nā hui Kina i 31.9% o nā huahana āpau (ʻeono mahina i hala - 29.9%);
- USA: 117 (116). Manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka huahana ma 37.8% (hoʻokahi makahiki i hala - 38.4%);
- Iapana: 29 (29);
- Palani: 18 (19);
- Kelemānia: 16 (14);
- Netherlands: 15 (13);
- ʻIlelani: 14 (13);
- UK: 11(18);
- Kanaka 9(8);
- Italia: 5 (5);
- Singapore 4 (5);
- Australia, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Palakila, Rusia: 3;
- I ka helu ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana hana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā supercomputers, ʻo Linux wale nō i koe no ʻelua a me ka hapa makahiki;
- Hāʻawi ʻia e nā māhele Linux (ma nā brackets - 6 mau mahina aku nei):
- 49.6% (48.8%) ʻaʻole kikoʻī i ka hāʻawi ʻana,
- 26.4% (27.8%) hoʻohana i CentOS,
- 6.8% (7.6%) - Cray Linux,
- 4.8% (4.8%) - RHEL,
- 3% (3%) - SUSE,
- 2% (1.6%) - Ubuntu;
- 0.4% (0.4%) - Linux ʻepekema
- ʻO ka paepae hana haʻahaʻa loa no ke komo ʻana i ka Top500 i loko o 6 mau mahina i hoʻonui ʻia mai 1022 a 1142 teraflops (i ka makahiki i hala, ʻo 272 mau puʻupuʻu wale nō i hōʻike i ka hana ʻoi aku ma mua o ka petaflop, ʻelua makahiki i hala - 138, ʻekolu makahiki i hala - 94). No Top100, ua hoʻonui ka paepae komo mai 2395 a i 2570 teraflops;
- Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana a pau o nā ʻōnaehana āpau i ka makahiki mai ka 1.559 a i ka 1.650 exaflops (ʻekolu makahiki i hala aku nei he 566 petaflops). ʻO ka ʻōnaehana e pani ana i ka pae o kēia manawa aia ma kahi 397th ma ka helu hope loa, a ʻo 311th i ka makahiki ma mua;
- ʻO ka mahele nui o ka helu o nā supercomputers ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua penei:
Aia ʻo 274 supercomputer ma Asia (267 - ʻeono mahina i hala),
129 ma ʻAmelika (127) a me 94 ma ʻEulopa (98), 3 ma Oceania; - Ma keʻano he papa hana, aia nā Intel CPU i ke alakaʻi - 94% (ʻeono mahina i hala aku nei he 95.6%), ma ka lua o ka IBM Power - 2.8% (mai 2.6%), ma ke kolu o ka AMD - 0.6% (0.4%). ), ma ka hā o ka SPARC64 - 0.6% (0.8%);
- ʻO 35.6% (ʻeono mahina i hala aku nei 33.2%) o nā mea hoʻohana a pau he 20 cores, 13.8% (16.8%) - 16 cores, 11.2% (11.2%) - 12 cores, 11% (11.2%) - 18 cores, 7.8% ( 7%) - 14 cores;
- 144 mai loko o 500 ʻōnaehana (ʻeono mahina i hala aku nei - 133) hoʻohana hou i nā accelerators a i ʻole coprocessors, aʻo nā ʻōnaehana 135 e hoʻohana i nā chips NVIDIA (ʻeono mahina i hala aku nei he 125), 5 - Intel Xeon Phi (aia he 5), 1 - PEZY (1) , 1 hoʻohana i nā hoʻonā hybrid (aia he 1), 1 hoʻohana iā Matrix-2000 (1), 1 AMD Vega GPU (XNUMX mau mahina aku nei ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā accelerators AMD);
- Ma waena o nā mea hana cluster, lawe ʻo Lenovo i kahi mua - 34.8% (hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei 34.6%), kahi lua.
Ua alakaʻi ʻo Sugon i ka 14.2% (12.6%), ʻo Inspur i ke kolu o ka wahi - 13.2% (14.2%), ʻehā o ka wahi i noho ʻia e Hewlett-Packard - 7% (8%) a me 7% (7.8%), ukali ʻia e Atos - 4.6% , IBM 2.6 (2.4%), Fujitsu 2.6% (2.6%), Penguin Computing - 2.2% (1.8%), Dell EMC 2.2% (3%), Huawei 2% (1.4%), NVIDIA 1.2%. ʻElima makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i waena o nā mea hana penei: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2% a me SGI 3.8%; - Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ethernet e hoʻopili i nā nodes ma 52% o nā pūʻulu, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo InfiniBand i 28% o nā pūʻulu, a hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Omnipath i 10%.
Ke nānā nei i ka hana holoʻokoʻa, ʻo nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokumu InfiniBand no 40% o ka hana holoʻokoʻa o Top500, ʻoiai ʻo Ethernet no 29%.
I ka manawa like, loaʻa kahi hoʻokuʻu hou o kahi helu ʻokoʻa o nā ʻōnaehana cluster , i ka nānā 'ana i ka hana o nā papahana supercomputer e pili ana me ka ho'ohālike i nā ka'ina hana kino a me nā hana no ka ho'oponopono 'ana i ka nui o ka 'ikepili ma'amau no ia mau pūnaewele. Ka helu kaawale hou aku a hui pū me Top500, e like me ka ikehu i kēia manawa i ka helu Top500 nui (ʻo ka ratio o LINPACK FLOPS i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana i nā watts e mālama ʻia).
Source: opennet.ru