Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā mea ʻokoʻa no ka silika.
/ kiʻi Unsplash
Ke nalowale nei ke kānāwai o Moore, ke kānāwai o Dennard a me ke kānāwai o Coomey. ʻO kekahi kumu ke hoʻokokoke nei nā transistors silika i kā lākou palena ʻenehana. Ua kūkākūkā nui mākou i kēia kumuhana . I kēia lā ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā mea i hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke hoʻololi i ka silika a hoʻonui i ka pono o nā kānāwai ʻekolu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono o nā kaʻina hana a me nā ʻōnaehana computing e hoʻohana iā lākou (me nā kikowaena i nā kikowaena data).
Nanotubes kalapona
ʻO nā nanotubes kalapona he mau puʻupuʻu nona nā paia i loko o kahi papa kalapona. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka radius o nā ʻātoma kalapona ma mua o ka silika, no laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe electron a me ka nui o kēia manawa nā transistors i hoʻokumu ʻia nanotube. ʻO ka hopena, piʻi ka wikiwiki o ka hana o ka transistor a hoʻemi ʻia kona hoʻohana mana. Na nā ʻenekinia mai ke Kulanui o Wisconsin-Madison, piʻi ka huahana i ʻelima mau manawa.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā nanotubes carbon ma mua o ka silicon i ʻike ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi - ʻo ka mua o ia mau transistors i ʻike ʻia. . Akā i kēia manawa ua hiki i nā ʻepekema ke lanakila i ka nui o nā palena ʻenehana i mea e hana ai i kahi hāmeʻa kūpono. ʻEkolu mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻike ʻia nā physicists mai ke Kulanui o Wisconsin i ʻōlelo mua ʻia i kahi prototype o kahi transistor i hoʻokumu ʻia nanotube, i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea hana silika hou.
ʻO kekahi noi o nā mea hana i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā nanotubes carbon he uila uila maʻalahi. Akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i hele ka ʻenehana ma mua o ka hale hana a ʻaʻohe kamaʻilio e pili ana i kāna hoʻokō nui.
Nā lipine graphene
He mau ʻāpana haiki lākou he mau umi nanometer laula a ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui no ka hana ʻana i nā transistors o ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka waiwai nui o ka graphene tape ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻokē i ke kahe e kahe ana i loko o ia mea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi māla magnetic. I ka manawa like, graphene ʻoi aku ka nui o ka conductivity uila ma mua o ke silika.
Nā , hiki i nā mea hana ma muli o nā transistors graphene ke hana i nā alapine kokoke i terahertz. ʻOiai ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka alapine hana o nā chips hou ma 4-5 gigahertz.
ʻO nā prototypes mua o nā transistors graphene . Mai ia manawa enekinia nā kaʻina hana o nā mea "hui" e pili ana iā lākou. I kēia mau lā, ua loaʻa nā hopena mua - he hui o nā mea hoʻomohala mai ke Kulanui o Cambridge i Malaki e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hana . Wahi a nā ʻenekinia, hiki i ka mea hou ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana o nā mea uila uila he ʻumi.
Hafnium dioxide a me ka selenide
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Hafnium dioxide i ka hana ʻana i nā microcircuits . Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i kahi papa insulating ma kahi puka transistor. Akā i kēia lā, manaʻo nā mea ʻenekinia e hoʻohana iā ia e hoʻonui i ka hana o nā transistors silicon.
/ kiʻi PD
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki i hala, nā ʻepekema mai Stanford , inā e hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia ke ʻano aniani o ka hafnium dioxide ma ke ʻano kūikawā, a laila (ke kuleana no ka hiki o ka mea waena ke hoʻouna i ke kahua uila) e piʻi aʻe ma mua o ʻehā mau manawa. Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i ia mea i ka wā e hana ai i nā puka transistor, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi nui i ka mana .
Also ʻepekema ʻAmelika e ho'ēmi i ka nui o nā transistors hou me ka hafnium a me ka zirconium selenides. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana ma ke ʻano he insulator kūpono no nā transistors ma kahi o ka silicon oxide. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mānoanoa o nā Selenides (ʻekolu mau ʻātoma), me ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻāpana hui maikaʻi. He hōʻailona kēia e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻohana mana o ka transistor. Ua loaʻa i nā ʻenekinia kekahi mau prototypes hana o nā mea hana e pili ana i ka hafnium a me ka zirconium selenides.
I kēia manawa pono nā ʻenekinia e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā transistors - e hoʻomohala i nā pilina liʻiliʻi kūpono no lākou. Ma hope wale nō o kēia hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hana nui.
Molybdenum disulfide
ʻO ka molybdenum sulfide ponoʻī he semiconductor maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā waiwai i ke silika. Akā, ua ʻike kekahi pūʻulu physicists mai ke Kulanui o Notre Dame he mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni molybdenum lahilahi (hoʻokahi mānoanoa atom) - ʻaʻole hele nā transistors i hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o lākou i ka wā e pio ai a koi liʻiliʻi ka ikehu e hoʻololi. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e hana ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Molybdenum transistor prototype i loko o ka hale hana. Lawrence Berkeley i ka makahiki 2016. Hoʻokahi nanometer wale nō ka laulā o ka mea hana. Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻenekinia e kōkua kēia mau transistors e hoʻonui i ke kānāwai o Moore.
ʻO ka molybdenum disulfide transistor i ka makahiki i hala nā ʻenekinia mai kahi kulanui o South Korea. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenehana e loaʻa ka noi i nā kaʻa kaʻa o nā hōʻike OLED. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hana nui o ia mau transistors.
ʻOiai kēia, nā mea noiʻi mai Stanford hiki ke kūkulu hou ʻia nā ʻenehana hou no ka hana ʻana i nā transistors e hana me nā mea "molybdenum" ma ke kumu kūʻai liʻiliʻi. E ʻike ʻia inā hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ia mau papahana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
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Source: www.habr.com