ʻO nā mea polokalamu polokalamu hou he poʻe pōā. Loaʻa iā lākou nā wahi hoʻomohala ikaika a me ka lehulehu o nā ʻōlelo papahana. ʻO 30 wale nō makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kākau nā ʻepekema a me nā mea hoihoi i nā papahana ma nā calculators.
E makaʻala, nui nā kiʻi ma lalo o ka ʻoki!
Ma ka waena o ka makahiki 80, ua hoʻoikaika nui ke aupuni e hoʻolaha i ka ʻenehana ʻike. Ua paʻi ʻia nā ʻatikala ʻepekema, a ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no IT ma nā puke pai. No ka poʻe loea (ʻo ia ka poʻe ʻepekema mua), ua paʻi ka USSR Academy of Sciences i ka puke pai "Programming." ʻAʻole poina ʻia ka poʻe hobbyists. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻopuka ka puke pai "Technology for Youth" i kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo "Man and Computer," nāna i wehewehe i nā huaʻōlelo hou a nānā i nā mea hou. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka media waihona, a me nā mea hou aku.
I ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻenehana kamepiula i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ua hoʻokaʻawale iki nā mana ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka magazine "Rabotnitsa" (circulation ~ 15 miliona) koi i nā wahine e haku i nā kamepiula like me nā kāne a hiki i ke aʻo ʻana i kā lākou mau kaikamahine pehea e hoʻohana ai. I Kepakemapa 1986, ua hōʻike ʻia ka uhi o ka makasina i kahi kaikamahine liʻiliʻi i mua o kahi nānā kamepiula.
ʻOiai he mea pipiʻi loa ke kamepiula, ua hiki maoli ke hōʻuluʻulu i kekahi mai nā ʻāpana i kūʻai ʻia ma kahi mākeke lekiō. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻatikala maʻalahi e pili ana i nā kamepiula a me nā polokalamu ma Murzilka!
ʻO kēia hoʻolaha ʻana o nā polokalamu kamepiula i kekahi manawa i alakaʻi i kekahi mau manawa ʻino. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1987, ua paʻi ka nūpepa Trud i kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i kahi poʻo ʻoihana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele automated ma kahi mea kanu sima nāna i ʻaihue i nā ʻāpana 6,000 rubles e kūkulu i kahi kamepiula pilikino ma ka home. I kēlā manawa, ʻo 6,000 rubles ke kumu kūʻai o kahi hale liʻiliʻi ma Moscow, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka VAZ-2106—9,124 rubles.
Ua kamaʻilio pinepine ʻia ke kumuhana o ka papahana amateur ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā puke ʻepekema kaulana e like me "Science and Life" (kaʻana like ʻana: 3 miliona). Mai ka makahiki 1985, ua hoʻomaka lākou e paʻi i nā ʻatikala ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka moʻo "School for Beginner Programmers". Ua aʻo kēia mau ʻatikala i ka poʻe heluhelu i nā kumu o ka hana ʻana i nā polokalamu no nā microcalculators. He mea kupanaha paha i kēia manawa, akā i kēlā manawa, ua kapa ʻia ka papahana he hana noʻeau. Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o kēia ʻano hana mai ka "» code!
No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana iā ʻoe iho i ka lewa tube o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā makahiki 80, ke hōʻike nei mākou i kou nānā ʻana i nā scans mai kahi hana mana i mālama ʻia. Science and Life magazine, Nowemapa 11, 1988. ʻO kēia ka haʻawina #22 o ka "School for Beginner Programmers" kaulana.
E like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, heluhelu a hoʻoikaika ʻia.
Loaʻa kahi koho maʻalahi no ka heluhelu ʻana ma Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma nā calculators, a laila .
He aha kā lākou?
ʻOiai ʻo ka USSR e hoʻomohala ana i nā polokalamu amateur, ke hana nei ka US i nā wānana e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No ka laʻana, ua mālama ʻo Apple i ka hoʻokūkū no nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā kamepiula i ka makahiki 2000. Ua lanakila kekahi hui o nā haumāna mai ke Kulanui o Illinois i ka hoʻokūkū. Ua wehewehe ʻia kā lākou wānana ma kahi ʻatikala 1988 mai ka makasina "Science and Life." ʻO ia hoʻi loaa , akā, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoihoi, ʻeā?
Manaʻo wau i ka nui o nā poʻe e hiki ke kākau i kahi papahana i kēia mau lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana palena o kahi microcalculator? Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kūleʻa a i ʻole ua hoʻāʻo e kākau i kahi mea like iā ʻoe iho, e ʻoluʻolu e kaʻana iā lākou i nā manaʻo.
Source: www.habr.com
