Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā polokalamu polokalamu o kēia wā he darlings. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻenehana hoʻomohala ikaika a me nā ʻōlelo papahana he nui i kā lākou lawelawe. A he 30 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kākau nā ʻepekema hoʻokahi a me nā mea hoihoi i nā papahana ʻoiai ma nā calculators.
E makaʻala, nui nā kiʻi ma lalo o ka ʻoki!
I ka waena o 80s, ua hana nui ka moku'āina i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻike. Ua paʻi ʻia nā ʻatikala ʻepekema, a ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā kumuhana IT ma nā nūpepa. No nā poʻe loea (ʻo ia ka poʻe ʻepekema nui i kēlā manawa), ua paʻi ka USSR Academy of Sciences i ka puke pai Programming. ʻAʻole mākou i poina e pili ana i ka poʻe amateurs. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka puke "Technology for Youth" ua puka mai kahi kolamu "Man and Computer", i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo hou a me nā loiloi o nā mea hou. Ua paʻi pū ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka media, a pēlā aku.
I ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻenehana kamepiula i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o ka mokuʻāina, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale nui nā mana ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne. No laila, ua kāhea ka makasina "Rabotnitsa" (circulation ~ 15 miliona) i nā wahine e haku i nā kamepiula ma ke kumu like me nā kāne, a e aʻo pū i kēia ʻepekema i kā lākou mau kaikamahine. I Kepakemapa 1986, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kaikamahine liʻiliʻi ma ka uhi o ka paʻi i mua o kahi kiaʻi.
ʻOiai he pipiʻi nui ke kamepiula, hiki ke ʻohi ʻia mai nā ʻāpana i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke lekiō. No laila, ʻike ʻia nā ʻatikala maʻalahi e pili ana i nā kamepiula a me nā polokalamu ma Murzilka!
ʻO ia hoʻolaha ʻana o nā polokalamu kamepiula i kekahi manawa i alakaʻi i nā hanana. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka nūpepa Trud i ka makahiki 1987, aia kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i ke poʻo ʻoihana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele automated o kahi lāʻau sima, nāna i lawe i 6 rubles i nā ʻāpana e hōʻuluʻulu i kahi kamepiula pilikino ma ka home. I kēlā manawa, kūʻai kahi hale liʻiliʻi ma Moscow i ʻeono tausani rubles, ʻoiai ʻo ka VAZ-000 ke kumu kūʻai aku - 2106 rubles.
Ua hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ke kumuhana o ka polokalamu amateur ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā puke ʻepekema kaulana e like me Science and Life (circulation - 3 miliona). Mai ka makahiki 1985, ua hoʻomaka ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o nā ʻatikala ma ke ʻano o ka moʻo "School for the Beginning Programmer". Ua aʻo kēia mau ʻatikala i ka mea heluhelu i ke kumu o ka hana ʻana i nā papahana no nā microcalculators. He mea kupanaha paha i kēia manawa, akā i kēlā manawa ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana he kiʻi. Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o kēia ʻano hana mai ka mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia i kēia lā?" code!
No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana iā ʻoe iho i loko o ka lewa paipu o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā makahiki he 80, lawe mākou i kāu nānā ʻana i nā scans mai kekahi o nā limahana i mālama ʻia. puke "Science and Life" no 11.1988. ʻO kēia ka haʻawina No. 22 o ka "School for Beginner Programmers" kaulana.
E like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, heluhelu a hoʻomaopopo
Aia kekahi mana maʻalahi no ka heluhelu ʻana . Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma nā calculators, a laila .
He aha kā lākou?
ʻOiai e hoʻomohala ʻia ana nā polokalamu amateur ma USSR, ua hana ʻia nā wānana no ka wā e hiki mai ana ma USA. No laila, ua hoʻokūkū ʻo Apple i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā kamepiula i ka makahiki 2000. Ua lanakila ka hoʻokūkū e kekahi hui o nā haumāna mai ke Kulanui o Illinois. ʻO ka mea a lākou i manaʻo ai ua wehewehe ʻia ma kahi memo mai ka puke moʻolelo Science and Life mai 1988. Aia nō ʻo ia loaa , akā, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoemi i ka hoihoi, ʻeā?
Manaʻo wau i ka nui o nā poʻe e hiki ke kākau i kahi papahana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana palena o kahi microcalculator? Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kūleʻa a i hoʻāʻo paha e kākau i kahi mea like iā ʻoe iho, e ʻoluʻolu e kaʻana i nā manaʻo.
Source: www.habr.com