Ua hana mākou i kahi transcript pōkole me nā manaʻo nui mai ka Python Junior Podcast: ma loko ua kūkākūkā mākou i kahi e hoʻomaka ai a kahi e hele ai ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomohala Python hoʻomaka. I kēia mau lā he nui kā mākou ʻike no nā poʻe waena a me nā poʻe ʻelemakule, akā no nā ʻōpio kēia.
Nā kumuhana nui:
- He aha ka ʻike e pono ai e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka mea hoʻolālā novice
hoʻomohala pūnaewele? - He aha ka manaʻo o nā mea hana mai nā mea hoʻomohala?
- He aha ka hana e loaʻa ai kahi hana me ka ʻike ʻole?
- Pehea e hoʻomohala ai kahi mea hoʻomohala Python?
ʻO Python Junior Podcast kahi podcast program no ka poʻe makemake e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi iā Python. Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei nā hoʻolaha e nā ʻeuanelio kaiaulu a me na kumu papa .
Nā mea komo i ke kamaʻilio ʻana:
- ʻO Valentin Dombrovsky,ka mea hoʻokumu pū o MoscowPython
- Zlata Obukhovskaya, ʻO ke alakaʻi o ka hui NVIDIA
- ʻO Grigory Petrov, euanelio MoscowPython
- ʻO Alexey Shtyrnyaev, mea hoʻomohala ma FinEx, kumu o nā papa aʻo
Python
No ke aha he maikaʻi ʻo Python no ka hoʻomohala pūnaewele
ʻO Valentin Dombrovsky: No ke aha i kūpono ai ʻo Python no ka hoʻomohala pūnaewele? No ke aha ʻaʻole PHP a JavaScript paha, no ka laʻana?
ʻO Grigory Petrov: No laila ʻaʻole nui ke koho. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka Pūnaewele hou hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu i kahi palapala noi ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi a i ʻole ka noi pūnaewele holomua me ka ʻole o ka hope - me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā ʻenehana mua, me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā JavaScript - paʻakikī loa ia, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia a koi i nā mea hoʻomohala.
Inā makemake mākou e hana i kahi pūnaewele a i ʻole lawelawe, hoʻohana mākou i kahi ala i hui pū ʻia: hoʻokō kekahi backend i ka loiloi a hana i nā ʻaoʻao pūnaewele, a huki kekahi frontend i kēia mau ʻaoʻao pūnaewele ma ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele. A i ka wā e pono ai mākou e hoʻohui koke i nā mea a pau ma kahi mea, ʻaʻohe o mākou koho.
E nānā kākou i nā koho koho.
- C#. He mea maikaʻi loa ʻo Microsoft, ua hana lākou i ka .NET Core a ke hoʻolaha nei lākou ma nā ʻano āpau. Akā, ʻo ka mea mua, he ʻenehana cross-platform hou kēia, ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā mea a pau ma laila. ʻO ka lua, he kumukūʻai maoli, he liʻiliʻi nā mea hoʻomohala C # - no ka mea ʻaʻole kaulana.
- Java. He paʻakikī. ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele maʻamau ma Java ʻaʻole lawe i nā laina 10 o ke code, e like me Python. He nui kēia code, he mau frameworks kēia, a pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kikowaena Java. Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻomau i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha.
- PHP. Ma nā mana hou he mea kupanaha. E ʻōlelo wau i kēia: ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka hewa o PHP 7.2 ma mua o Python. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻohi wale a hoʻohana i ka PHP 7.2. Inā hana ka mea hoʻomohala maʻamau i kahi pūnaewele ma PHP, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e kākau wale i ka 7.2: pono nō ʻo ia e heluhelu i kekahi mau puke, nā kumu aʻo, nui nā code legacy ma nā wahi āpau, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa kēia.
- JavaScript a me Node.js. He mea kupaianaha a hou loa ke hoʻokahi ʻōlelo ma ka ʻaoʻao mua a ma hope. ʻAʻole paʻa loa. He mea maikaʻi ʻo Node.js, akā pilikia ke kau ʻana iā ia i ka hana ʻana i ʻole ia e hāʻule a hana paʻa. Eia kekahi, inā makemake mākou e kākau i ka code JavaScript maikaʻi, ʻaʻole pono mākou iā JavaScript, akā TypeScript. Akā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ʻo TypeScript a paʻakikī ka lolo o ka mea hoʻomohala maʻamau ke ʻike lākou.
E haʻalele kāua iā Ruby, Haskell, Erlang a me nā mea niche ʻē aʻe, a koe mākou me ... Python. ʻO kahi ʻōlelo me ka syntax paʻa, kahi waihona maʻamau maʻamau, nā palapala maikaʻi loa, nā papa hana māmā kaulana, a me ka hui mega-kaulana Django.
ʻIke ʻia, ʻoiai ke koho ākea loa, inā loaʻa iā mākou nā mea hoʻomohala maʻamau, ʻaʻole nā mea hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe, he ʻoihana maʻamau mākou e makemake e hana i nā pūnaewele maʻamau, ʻaʻohe o mākou keʻena hoʻomohala no 50 poʻe, a laila lawe mākou iā Python.
He aha ka ʻike e pono ai ke komo i ka ʻoihana?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au he pono ʻoe e ʻike pono i hoʻokahi framework - a ʻike i ke ʻano o nā mea ʻē aʻe a i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai. ʻAuhea ʻo Tornado, ʻo Django, ʻo Flask, ʻo aiohttp a pēlā aku.
He mea pono ke ʻike aia kekahi mea e like me nā protocols. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka ʻike o ka protocol http ke kikowaena o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā noi pūnaewele.
Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo liʻiliʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka hopena mua i nā papahana pūnaewele: he aha ka HTML, CSS, JS.
ʻO Alexey Shtyrnyaev: A ʻike i kahi o ka palapala. ʻO ka mea nui loa.
ʻO Grigory Petrov: Eia mākou ke hehi nei i ka ʻāina haʻalulu loa. Inā maikaʻi ʻole mākou a hoʻomaka mākou e aʻo koʻikoʻi i ka ʻaoʻao o kēia wā, a laila ma kahi o 10 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka backend ma Python. Pono ka mea hoʻomohala novice e kaupalena i kāna manaʻo i hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaka i ke aʻo ʻana i ka HTML, akā ʻaʻole e nalowale i kēia mau divs, spans, floats, pehea e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai nā mea a pau.
ʻO Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Pono kahi papa Bootstrap maʻamau. A me nā kumu o HTML.
I ka makahiki mua, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e komo i loko o ka JS frameworks (inā ʻoe e kālele ana i ka hope). Loaʻa i ka papa Bootstrap kumu nā modula i mākaukau: inā makemake ʻoe i kahi slider, e hana i kahi slider; inā makemake ʻoe i kahi papa lana, e hana i kahi papa lana.
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Manaʻo wau ʻoiai ke aʻo ʻana i ka frontend, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe iho, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o nā statics i nā noi pūnaewele. Ma kēia ala, neʻe mālie ka mea hoʻomohala e hoʻomaka e aʻo i ka hana ʻana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā noi pūnaewele ma ke kumu a pehea lākou e noho ai i ka hana.
ʻO Grigory Petrov: ʻAe, e paipai koke wau iā ʻoe inā koho ʻoe iā Python ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo hoʻomohala hope a, no ka laʻana, ʻo Django ma ke ʻano he hoʻolālā: Aia ʻo Django i nā palapala i ka puke Django, ʻoluʻolu loa, aia nā mea āpau a Zlata i ʻōlelo ai, ʻo ia maoli. maikaʻi no ka mea hoʻomaka.
ʻO Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Hiki i kekahi mau kaikamahine Django ke hoʻomaka wikiwiki inā ʻo kāu pahuhopu e aʻo iā Django. He kumu aʻoaʻo kēia i ka lā hoʻokahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i luna, e hoʻomaopopo i nā kumu kumu a me ka mea hiki i ka framework.
ʻO Valentin Dombrovsky: I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka podcast, ua hōʻuluʻulu mākou i kahi papa inoa o nā mea e pono ai ka polokalamu Python no ka hoʻomohala pūnaewele, e hōʻuluʻulu ana i ka mea a mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua.
He aha ka mea i komo i loko o nā kumu no ka hoʻomohala pūnaewele ma Python
- Nā papa hana pūnaewele Django, Flask, aiohttp, Tornado, etc. (a ʻike e pili ana i ke ola o nā mea ʻē aʻe).
- Nā Kūlana a me nā API: ma mua o ka http, JSON-RPC, Protocol Buffers, gRPC.
- ORM a me ka neʻe ʻana, nā ʻikepili pili, SQLAlchemy, SQL, PostgreSQL, MySQL.
- Nā kumu o HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, a me JS frameworks a me JQuery.
- Nā loina o ka hana noi ma ka hana ʻana, hoʻāʻo, hoʻāʻo ʻāpana, autotests, ʻōnaehana mana mana, git.
Pono nā juniors i nā algorithms?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā algorithms; e hele mālie lākou i kou poʻo inā lōʻihi ʻoe e komo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ua ʻike au i ka nui o nā ʻenekinia maikaʻi ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi papa algorithms formal.
ʻO Grigory Petrov: Makemake au e hoʻohui i ka wahie i ke ahi. No hea mai ko mākou makemake i nā algorithms?
ʻAʻole mākou i kēia manawa kahi hoʻonaʻauao koʻikoʻi i nā algorithms, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike pehea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i nā polokalamu polokalamu, ʻaʻohe kumu ʻenehana.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hana i kēia, akā eia mākou ka moʻolelo o Hogwarts: ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana i kula no nā kupua ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o mākou kupua hoʻokahi. No laila, he aha ka mea e hana ai ke kulanui i ka wā e hele mai ai lākou a nīnau iā lākou: "E hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa papahana," akā ʻaʻohe o lākou mea polokalamu, no ka mea, hana nā mea a pau ma Mail.ru, Rambler a me Yandex, hauʻoli lākou ma laila?
Nānā ke kulanui a ʻōlelo:
- ʻAe, hoʻolālā. E ʻimi kākou i kekahi wahi pili o ka ʻike a kono i nā loea mai laila. E kono kākou i ka poʻe nūpepa hiki ke kākau kope, nā ʻenekini uila hiki ke hana i nā kaapuni uila, a me nā mea makemakika hiki ke hoʻohana i nā algorithms.
I ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia he mea kūpono kēia e like me ke aʻo ʻana i ka mea hoʻolalelale physics no ka mea ua hana ʻia nā pōhaku lepo a me ka sima i nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka sima a me nā pōhaku lepo iā lākou iho, no ka mea, ʻo ka physicist e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kahi mea kūkulu hale ʻaʻole ʻike i ke kūkulu hale. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea kūkulu hale hiki iā ia ke wehewehe pono i ke ʻano o ka "hana sima", akā ʻaʻole i ʻike a ʻike ʻole pehea e hana ai i kekahi mea mai ia mea.
He maikaʻi loa nā algorithms a me nā hoʻolālā ʻikepili, akā he wahi noi liʻiliʻi loa kēia. Pono koke lākou, no ka laʻana, inā ʻoe e kākau nei i kahi mīkini pāʻani, compiler, a i ʻole protocol network.
Hoʻoponopono ka hapa nui o nā polokalamu polokalamu i nā pilikia ʻoihana kahi e pono ʻole ai nā algorithms a me nā hoʻonohonoho ʻikepili.
ʻO ka makemakika paʻakikī loa ma laila ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻelua a laila puʻunaue. Pono ka ʻike ʻokoʻa loa. Pono ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia ʻoihana ma mua o ka ʻike kumu.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻomohala novice e ʻike i ka ʻoihana a pehea e hōʻuluʻulu pololei ai i nā hale pono mai nā poloka i mākaukau ʻia, pehea e debug iā lākou, pehea e hōʻoia ai ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻule, ʻike i ke kumu e hāʻule ai lākou, he aha ka hopena ke hoʻololi nā koi a hoʻomaka ka papahana "e hoʻonoho i ke kumu" e like me ka hale ma hope o ka ua.
He mau mea kūpono kēia a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kākau ʻana i nā lako polokalamu. Ponoʻo ia eʻike i ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka mea hoʻopiʻi, loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā mea hana e hōʻike pono i kahi e lohi ai ka papahana.
ʻO Valentin Dombrovsky: Ua hiki mai kēia hoʻohālikelike i koʻu manaʻo: he unuhi kēia mai ka ʻōlelo ʻoihana i loko o kahi ʻōlelo e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me ke kamepiula. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka mea papahana he ʻano loea linguistic.
ʻO Grigory Petrov: Pono ka ʻoihana i ka mea kākau, ʻaʻole ka ʻōlelo. ʻAʻole pono ka mea kākau e ʻike i ke kumu i hoʻololi ʻia ai kēia huaʻōlelo i hoʻokahi tausani makahiki i hala. Pono ʻo ia e hoʻohana i kēia mau ʻōlelo.
He aha kāu e pono ai e ʻike i kāu hana mua ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomohala
ʻO Alexey Shtyrnyaev: ʻAʻole paha he ʻano meaʻai honua no ka kuke ʻana i ka junior.
Inā hele ʻoe i kekahi hui, e hoʻolimalima lākou iā ʻoe ʻaʻole no ka mea ʻike ʻoe iā Django, JSON a me kekahi mau algorithms. E hoʻolimalima ʻia paha ʻoe no nā mākau e pono ai kēia ʻoihana ma ʻaneʻi a i kēia manawa.
Nui nā ʻoihana, a loaʻa iā lākou nā koi like ʻole. ʻAʻohe nui o ka ʻike āpau e pono e loaʻa i mea e hoʻomākaukau hou ai i kahi resume a hele e ʻimi i kahi hana.
ʻO Grigory Petrov: I ko mākou ʻimi ʻana ma VoxImplant i kekahi mau ʻenekinia, ua hoʻokumu ko mākou luna ʻenehana i ke koi kumu penei: pono i ke kanaka ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia. He mea maopopo ʻaʻole e hana mau ka ʻōpio i kēia me ka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ma ke ala maikaʻi loa a ʻaʻole pololei i nā manawa a pau, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi kanaka i kahi hana, kānana a hoʻoponopono. ʻO kēia ke akamai a nā mea hana e ʻimi nui ai.
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Loaʻa i ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i ka hana mai nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe kekahi pōmaikaʻi mai kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana no ka mea ua hele mua lākou i kahi ala a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono koke i nā pilikia. He mau mākau palupalu kēia, e kapa au i ka moʻomeheu hana. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻole i kūkulu nā haumāna puka kulanui i kēia moʻomeheu hana.
Akā makemake wau e hoʻāʻo e hāʻawi i kekahi ʻano meaʻai i nā poʻe hoʻomaka.
Nā hana mua no ka mea hoʻomohala hou
Zlata Obukhovskaya: ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia nō kekahi ʻano papahana o kāu ponoʻī, no ka mea pono ʻoe e kākau i kekahi mea i kāu hoʻomau a hōʻike i kahi waihona liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia kēia mau papahana no ʻoe iho, akā ma ke ʻano he papahana manuahi - no kekahi.
Ma hope o nā papahana mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi hoʻomau a hoʻouna i nā ʻoihana āpau i loaʻa nā kūlana Iune. E hāʻawi nā nīnauele i ka ʻike i nā mea e pono ai nā ʻoihana. Ma hope a ma hope paha e hoʻolimalima kekahi iāʻoe, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi hui liʻiliʻi. Ma hope, e hāʻawi kēia ʻike hana iā ʻoe i ka manawa e komo ai i kahi ʻoihana nui a hoihoi.
ʻO Valentin Dombrovsky: Ma ke ala, i kā mākou papa hoʻomākaukau mākou i nā haumāna e loaʻa i kā lākou papahana ponoʻī i loko o 10 mau pule o ke aʻo ʻana. Hoʻohui pū mākou e aʻo i nā mākau hoʻomohala hui. ʻO kēia nā mākau palupalu a Zlata i ʻōlelo ai.
ʻO Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Hiki iaʻu ke haʻi iā ʻoe mai ka ʻike e hiki ke lōʻihi ka manawa e ʻimi ai i kāu hana mua. Ke ʻimi nei ʻoe i hoʻokahi mahina a ʻelua paha, he mea maʻamau. Inā hoʻouna ʻoe i kāu resume i nā hui āpau, e hele i nā nīnauele, i ke kolu o ka mahina e ʻike maoli ʻoe i kekahi mea.
ʻO Valentin Dombrovsky: Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki i kāu mau papahana ponoʻī a lawe i nā papahana manuahi maʻalahi a ma ka manawa like e hoʻouna i kāu resume.
He aha nā manaʻo i loaʻa i kahi mea hoʻomohala Python?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Hiki i kahi mea hoʻomohala Python ke hele i nā wahi āpau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mea kākau kiʻi kiʻekiʻe. A i ʻole i ka hoʻokele. Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mana loea, a hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i ka hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala i ka ʻepekema data, DevOps, hele i ka hoʻāʻo automated a i ʻole ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini.
ʻO Valentin Dombrovsky: Ma keʻano laulā, nui nā koho a me nā manawa kūpono, me kā mākou mau papa. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i ka ʻike nui ma ka puka komo, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana i kahi ākea ākea, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o kāu hiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi iā ʻoe.
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He ʻāpana wale nō kēia o ka hoʻokuʻu . Loaʻa ka mana piha o ka māhele .
A i ʻole e nānā:
Mahalo no ka heluhelu ʻana, hoʻolohe a nānā paha.
Source: www.habr.com
