Unuhi o ka ʻatikala a nā mea kākau mai IBM Research.
ʻO kahi holomua koʻikoʻi i ka physics e ʻae iā mākou e aʻo i nā ʻano kino o nā semiconductor i nā kikoʻī nui loa. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana semiconductor hanauna hou.
Nā mea kākau:
— Lālā limahana, IBM Research
ʻO Doug Bishop - Mea Hana Hana Hana, IBM Research
ʻO nā Semiconductors nā papa kūkulu kumu o kēia au uila uila, hāʻawi iā mākou i nā ʻano mea like ʻole e pono ai ko mākou ola hou, e like me nā kamepiula, nā kelepona a me nā polokalamu kelepona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana semiconductor a me ka hana e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā noi semiconductor o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana i ka helu helu, ʻike, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu. Ua lōʻihi ka hakakā ʻana o nā mea noiʻi e lanakila i nā palena o ko mākou hiki ke hoʻomaopopo piha i nā uku uila i loko o nā mea semiconductor a me nā mea semiconductor kiʻekiʻe e kāohi ana i ko mākou hiki ke neʻe i mua.
Ma kahi noiʻi hou ma ka puke pai ʻO kahi hui noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e IBM Research e wehewehe i kahi holomua hoihoi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi mea pohihihi 140 makahiki i ka physics, kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke aʻo i nā ʻano kino o nā semiconductor i nā kikoʻī nui loa a hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea semiconductor hou a hoʻomaikaʻi.
No ka hoʻomaopopo maoli ʻana i ka physics o semiconductor, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo mua i nā waiwai kumu o nā mea lawe uku i loko o nā mea, inā he mau mea ʻino a maikaʻi paha lākou, ko lākou wikiwiki i ke kahua uila i hoʻopili ʻia, a pehea ka paʻa o lākou i loko o ka mea. Ua loaʻa i ka Physicist Edwin Hall kahi ala e hoʻoholo ai i kēia mau waiwai i ka makahiki 1879 i kona ʻike ʻana e hoʻohuli ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o nā koina electron i loko o kahi conductor, a hiki ke ana ʻia ka nui o ka deflection e like me ka ʻokoʻa kūpono e pili ana i ke kahe kuhikuhi o ka mea hoʻoili. nā ʻāpana, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 1a. ʻO kēia volta, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Hall Voltace, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike nui e pili ana i nā mea lawe uku i ka semiconductor, e like me nā electrons maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole quasiparticles maikaʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "holes," pehea ka wikiwiki o ko lākou neʻe ʻana i kahi kahua uila, a i ʻole ko lākou "mobility" (µ ), a me ko lakou manao (n) iloko o ka semiconductor.
140 makahiki pohihihi
He mau makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o Hall, ua ʻike pū nā mea noiʻi hiki iā lākou ke ana i ka hopena o ka Hale me nā hoʻokolohua māmā i kapa ʻia ʻo photo-Hall, e ʻike i ke Kiʻi 1b. Ma ia mau hoʻokolohua, hoʻoulu ʻia ka mālamalama māmā i nā mea lawe he nui, a i ʻole nā lua electron-hole, i nā semiconductors. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua hāʻawi ko mākou ʻike i ka hopena Hall kumu i ka ʻike i ka hapa nui (a i ʻole ka hapa nui) nā mea lawe uku. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke unuhi i nā ʻāpana mai nā media ʻelua (nui a me ka nui ʻole) i ka manawa like. He kī nui ia ʻike no nā noi e pili ana i ka māmā, e like me nā panela solar a me nā mea hana optoelectronic ʻē aʻe.
IBM Research magazine study hōʻike i kekahi o nā mea huna lōʻihi o ka hopena Hall. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi mai ka Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Duke University, a me IBM i kahi ʻano hou a me ka ʻenehana e hiki ai iā mākou ke unuhi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kumu a me ka ʻole. nā mea lawe, e like me ko lākou manaʻo a me ka mobility, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike hou e pili ana i ke ola o ka mea lawe, ka lōʻihi diffusion a me ke kaʻina hana recombination.
ʻOi aku ka kikoʻī, ma kahi hoʻokolohua kiʻi-Hall, hāʻawi nā mea lawe ʻelua i nā loli i ka conductivity (σ) a me ka coefficient Hall (H, e like me ka ratio o ka volta Hall i ke kahua magnetic). Loaʻa nā ʻike koʻikoʻi mai ke ana ʻana i ka conductivity a me ka coefficient Hall ma ke ʻano he hana o ka ikaika māmā. Huna 'ia ma ke 'ano o ka conductivity-Hall coefficient curve (σ-H) e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike hou: ka ʻokoʻa o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea lawe ʻelua. E like me ka mea i kūkākūkā ʻia ma ka ʻatikala, hiki ke hōʻike nani ʻia kēia pilina:
$$hōʻike$$ Δµ = d (σ²H)/dσ$$hōʻike$$
E hoʻomaka ana me ka ʻike nui o ka mea lawe kaʻa mai kahi ana Hall kuʻuna i ka pōʻeleʻele, hiki iā mākou ke hōʻike no ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea lawe liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he hana o ka ikaika māmā. Ua kapa ka hui i ke ʻano ana hou: Carrier-Resolved Photo Hall (CRPH). Me ka ikaika i ʻike ʻia o ka mālamalama māmā, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ke ola o ka mea lawe ma ke ʻano like. Ua hūnā ʻia kēia pilina a me kāna mau hoʻonā no kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi haneli a me ka hapa mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena Hall.
Ma waho aʻe o ka holomua o kēia ʻike manaʻo, he mea koʻikoʻi ka holomua o nā ʻano hoʻokolohua e hiki ai i kēia ʻano hou. Pono ke ʻano i kahi ana maʻemaʻe o ka hōʻailona Hall, hiki ke paʻakikī i nā mea i nāwaliwali ka hōʻailona Hall (no ka laʻana, no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) a i ʻole ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona makemake ʻole, e like me ka irradiation māmā ikaika. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ia e hana i kahi ana Hall me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi māla magnetic oscillating. E like me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka lekiō, pono ʻoe e koho i ke alapine o ke kahua i makemake ʻia, me ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā alapine ʻē aʻe e like me ka walaʻau. Ke hele nei ke ala CRPH i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu a koho ʻaʻole wale i ka alapine i makemake ʻia akā ʻo ke kaʻina o ka oscillating magnetic field me ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo synchronous sensing. Ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻia kēia manaʻo o ke ana oscillating Hall, akā ʻaʻole pono ke ʻano kuʻuna o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana o nā coils electromagnetic e hoʻohua ai i kahi māla magnetic oscillating.
ʻIke mua
E like me ka hana pinepine ʻana i ka ʻepekema, ʻo ka holomua ma kekahi wahi e alakaʻi ʻia e nā ʻike ma kahi ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 2015, ua hōʻike ʻo IBM Research i kahi hanana i ʻike mua ʻole ʻia ma ka physics e pili ana i kahi hopena hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka māla magnetic hou i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hopena "kamelo hump", e kū ana ma waena o nā laina ʻelua o nā dipoles transverse ke ʻoi aku lākou i kahi lōʻihi koʻikoʻi, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2a. ʻO ka hopena he hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi e hiki ai i kahi ʻano hou o ka pahele magnetic kūlohelohe i kapa ʻia ʻo ka parallel dipole line trap (PDL trap), e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2b. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pahele PDL Magnetic ma ke ʻano he paepae noʻonoʻo no nā noi ʻike like ʻole e like me ka tiltmeter, seismometer (seni ʻōlaʻi). ʻO ia mau ʻōnaehana sensor hou, i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻenehana ʻikepili nui, hiki ke wehe i nā noi hou he nui, a ke ʻimi ʻia nei e ka hui IBM Research e hoʻomohala ana i kahi kahua ʻikepili ʻikepili nui i kapa ʻia ʻo IBM Physical Analytics Integrated Repository Service (PAIRS), kahi waiwai o ka geospatial. a me ka ʻikepili pūnaewele o nā mea (IoT).
ʻO ka mea kupanaha, loaʻa i ka mea PDL like kekahi noi kūikawā. Ke hoʻololi ʻia, lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana hoʻokolohua kiʻi-Hall maikaʻi loa e kiʻi i ka unidirectional a me ka maʻemaʻe harmonic oscillation o ke kahua magnetic (Figure 2c). ʻO ka mea nui aku, hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana i ka nui o ka manawa e hiki ai i ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i kahi ākea o ka laʻana, he mea koʻikoʻi i nā hoʻokolohua photo-Hall.
Ka hopena
ʻO ke ala kiʻi-hale hou a mākou i kūkulu ai e hiki ai iā mākou ke unuhi i ka nui o ka ʻike mai nā semiconductors. ʻOkoʻa me ʻekolu mau ʻāpana wale nō i loaʻa i ke ana ʻana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike maʻamau, ua hāʻawi kēia ʻano hou i ʻehiku mau ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia o ka ikaika māmā i hoʻāʻo ʻia. Hoʻopili kēia i ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons a me nā lua; ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kā lākou mea lawe ma lalo o ka mana o ka mālamalama; hoʻohui hou i ke ola; a me ka lōʻihi diffusion no nā electrons, nā puka a me nā ʻano ambipolar. Hiki ke hana hou 'ia kēia mau mea a pau i N mau manawa ('o ia ho'i ka heluna o nā palena māmā māmā i ho'ohana 'ia ma ka ho'okolohua).
E kōkua ana kēia ʻike hou a me ka ʻenehana i ka holomua semiconductor i nā ʻenehana e kū nei a me nā ʻenehana hou. Loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻike a me nā mea hana e pono ai e unuhi i nā ʻano kino o nā mea semiconductor i nā kikoʻī nui. No ka laʻana, e kōkua ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana semiconductor o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana, e like me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā panela lā, nā mea optoelectronic maikaʻi aʻe, a me nā mea hou a me nā mea hana no nā ʻenehana akamai.
ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 7, 2019 ma .
Unuhi: Nikolay Marin (), Luna Nui ʻenehana IBM ma Rusia a me nā ʻāina CIS.
Source: www.habr.com