Ua wānana ʻo Geoff Huston, ka ʻenekini noiʻi nui ma ka mea kākau inoa pūnaewele APNIC, e pau ana nā helu IPv4 i 2020. Ma kahi moʻolelo hou o nā mea, e hōʻano hou mākou i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka pau ʻana o nā helu wahi, ka mea i loaʻa iā lākou, a no ke aha i hana ai kēia.
/Unsplash/
No ke aha mākou e pau ai nā helu helu?
Ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i ka moʻolelo o ka "maloʻo" o ka punawai IPv4, e kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā kumu. I ka makahiki 1983, i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ʻo TCP/IP, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka 32-bit addressing. ʻOiai
I ka manawa like, i ka makahiki 80, ua loaʻa i nā hui he nui nā ʻōlelo he nui ma mua o ka mea e pono ai. Ke hoʻohana mau nei kekahi mau hui i nā helu lehulehu no nā kikowaena e hana wale ana ma nā pūnaewele kūloko. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻenehana kelepona, ka Pūnaewele o nā mea a me ka virtualization i hoʻohui i ka wahie i ke ahi. ʻO nā kuhi hewa ʻole i ka helu ʻana i ka helu o nā mea hoʻokipa ma ka pūnaewele puni honua a me ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana i ka helu wahi i kumu i ka hapa IPv4.
Pehea i pau ai nā helu wahi
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki XNUMX, ʻo ka luna APNIC ʻo Paul Wilson
2011 makahiki: E like me ka wānana a Wilson, ʻo ka mea kākau inoa pūnaewele ʻo APNIC (ke kuleana no ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia-Pākīpika) i lalo i ka hope.
2012 makahiki: Ua hoʻolaha ka mea kākau inoa pūnaewele ʻEulopa RIPE i ka pau ʻana o ka wai. Ua hoʻomaka hoʻi e puʻunaue i ka poloka /8 hope loa. Ua hahai ka hui i ke alakaʻi a APNIC a ua hoʻokomo i nā kapu paʻa i ka hāʻawi ʻana o IPv4. I ka makahiki 2015, loaʻa iā RIPE he 16 miliona mau helu manuahi. I kēia lā ua emi nui kēia helu -
ʻElua mau mea hou mai kā mākou blog ma Habré:
2013 makahiki: ʻO Geoff Haston mai APNIC ma ka blog
2015 makahiki: ARIN
2017 makahiki: E pili ana i ka hooki ʻana i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā helu wahi
2019 makahiki: I kēia lā, he helu liʻiliʻi nā helu helu i waiho ʻia e nā mea kākau inoa. Mālama ʻia nā loko ma ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana i nā helu i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ke kahe. No ka laʻana, ma MIT
He aha ka mea aʻe
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā helu IPv4
ʻAe ʻia ʻo Network Address Translation (NAT) iā ʻoe e unuhi i nā helu kūloko he nui i hoʻokahi helu kūwaho. ʻO ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā awa he 65 tausani. ʻO ka manaʻo, hiki ke paʻi ʻia ka helu like o nā helu kūloko i hoʻokahi helu lehulehu (inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau palena o nā hoʻokō NAT pākahi).
/Unsplash/
Hiki i nā mea hoʻolako pūnaewele ke huli i nā hoʻonā kūikawā - Carrier Grade NAT. Hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe e hoʻokele kikowaena i nā helu kūloko a me waho o nā mea kākau inoa a kaupalena i ka helu o nā awa TCP a me UDP i loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai aku. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka māhele ʻana o nā awa ma waena o nā mea hoʻohana, me ka pale ʻana i nā hoʻouka kaua DDoS.
Ma waena o nā hemahema o NAT he mau pilikia me nā pā ahi. Loaʻa nā kau mea hoʻohana a pau i ka pūnaewele mai kahi helu keʻokeʻo. ʻIke ʻia he hoʻokahi wale nō mea kūʻai aku i ka manawa hiki ke hana me nā pūnaewele e hāʻawi i ke komo i nā lawelawe ma o IP. Eia kekahi, manaʻo paha ka waiwai aia ma lalo o kahi hoʻouka kaua DoS a hōʻole i ke komo ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku a pau.
ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe i ka NAT ke hoʻololi i IPv6. E lōʻihi ana kēia mau ʻōlelo, a he nui kona mau pono. No ka laʻana, kahi ʻāpana IPSec i kūkulu ʻia e hoʻopili i nā ʻeke ʻikepili pākahi.
I kēia manawa IPv6
E kamaʻilio mākou no kēia manawa aʻe.
ʻO ka mea a mākou e kākau ai e pili ana i ka blog hui ʻo VAS Experts:
Source: www.habr.com