ʻO ka ʻatikala Ua hoʻohiki wau i kekahi Pōʻalima e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻoponopono o ka "Funny Pictures" i aneane e puhi ʻia e nā inike - ma ke ʻano maoli o ka huaʻōlelo.
ʻO kēia lā ka Pōʻalima, akā makemake wau e ʻōlelo i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i "Nā kiʻi ʻakaʻaka" iā lākou iho - ʻo kēia hihia kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi media kūleʻa.
He lā hānau paʻa ka makasina - ʻo Kepakemapa 24, 1956. I kēia lā, ua paʻi ʻia ka pukana mua o ka makasina "Funny Pictures", ka makasina Soviet mua no nā kamaliʻi.
ʻO ka makua kāne hauʻoli (a nui) ka ʻōlelo a ka pāʻina a me ke aupuni "No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā palapala a nā keiki a me nā nūpepa keiki," i hoʻopuka ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o 1956. I kekahi mau mahina ma hope o kona ʻike ʻia ʻana, ua pālua ka helu o nā nūpepa keiki ma ka ʻāina - i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa, ua hoʻohui ka hui i ka "Young Technician", "Young Naturalist" a me "Veselye Kartinki" i ka hui "Murzilka", "Pioneer" a me " Kostr", nāna i hoʻopuka i kā lākou mau puke mua . ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka debut.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua kūleʻa ka hana, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o "Funny Pictures" i kona maikaʻi loa i hiki i 9 miliona 700 tausani kope. Ma ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ia i kūleʻa wale - he pāhana media waiwai loa. ʻOiai ke kumu kūʻai peni o 15 kopecks, ua lawe mai ia i nā waiwai nui i kāna mea hoʻokumu - ke Kōmike Kuleana o ka Komsomol. Ua makemake nā limahana o ka magazine e kaena ʻo "Funny Pictures" wale nō i loaʻa kālā ʻoi aku ma mua o nā makasina a pau o ka hale hoʻopuka Molodaya Gvardiya.
He aha nā kumu o ka holomua?
ʻO ka mea mua, ka liʻiliʻi o ka papahana. I koʻu manaʻo hohonu, ua hana ʻia nā holomua āpau ma kahi ʻaʻohe kālā nui, kahi i hoʻolālā ʻole ai e hāʻawi i nā mekala, kahi i kāhea ʻole ai kekahi o nā mana, hoʻokau a huki paha.
Ua hana ʻia ʻo "Funny Pictures" ma ke ʻano he papahana niche liʻiliʻi kahi i manaʻo ʻole ai kekahi i kahi mea kūikawā. ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi loa o ka manaʻo o ka luna, ʻo ia ke keʻena o ka luna hoʻoponopono. Ua hele mai ʻo Ivan Semenov i VK mai Krokodil, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka luna hoʻoponopono i kahi keʻena nomenklatura nui me nā "turntables". I loko o "Pictures" he wahi keʻena liʻiliʻi kāna, kahi āna i hāʻawi ai i ka pauku pane o ka paʻi ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kaha kiʻi i loko o kāna keʻena, akā hele ʻo ia i ka lumi maʻamau, kahi i loaʻa nā papaʻaina kūikawā no nā mea pena.
ʻO ka lua, ke kūʻokoʻa hana. ʻO "Funny Pictures" wale nō ka paʻi ma USSR i paʻi ʻole ʻia. Ua lawe ʻia nā nūpepa āpau i paʻi ʻia i nā censors ma Glavlit, ʻo ia hoʻi "Fish Farming and Fisheries," ʻo ia hoʻi ka magazine "Concrete and Reinforced Concrete." Aia kekahi mea, akā he aha? I kēia manawa,ʻakaʻakaʻoe, akā,ʻo ka hoʻolahaʻana, bai ze wei, ua hiki i ka 22 tausani kope, hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua tausani o ia mau mea i kūʻaiʻia no ke kālā'ē i nā mea kākau inoa.
A ʻaʻohe mea i lawe i "Nā kiʻi ʻakaʻaka" ma nā wahi āpau.
ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ke alakaʻi. E like me nā loina o ia mau makahiki, he lālā ʻaoʻao ka luna hoʻoponopono. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe komunista ma waena o nā mea pena - i nā manawa a pau he poʻe kūʻokoʻa lākou. ʻO ka hopena, ua koho ʻia ka mea pena kaulana ʻo Ivan Semenov, he lālā o ka pāʻina, akā ʻaʻole naʻe he komunista hana, ua koho ʻia i luna hoʻoponopono o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. Ua komo ʻo Ivan Maksimovich i ka All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) ma mua i ka makahiki 1941, i ka wā e hele ana nā Kelemania i ka hikina, a ua pana ʻia nā poʻe komunista i hopu ʻia.
Wahi a nā memoir, he alakaʻi maikaʻi kēia luina moana kahiko a he kanaka uʻi no ka poʻe hana hana. ʻAʻole loa au i lulu lima, a nīnau wale no ka hopena - akā, eia wau i nīnau koʻikoʻi. A loaʻa iā ia kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi no ke poʻo o kahi papahana media - he kanaka mālie ʻole. Aneane hiki ole ke huhu aku ia ia. ʻO ka mea pena ʻo Anatoly Mikhailovich Eliseev, ka mea i hana ma VK mai ka lā mua, haʻi mai iaʻu i kahi hihia ma kahi hālāwai ninaninau.
Ua kaulana ʻo Semyonov no kāna mau haku mele he nui, e like me:
I kekahi lā, ua lawe mai kekahi o nā mea pena kiʻi mai Finland mai i kahi pahu alakaʻi i kūʻai ʻia i loko o kahi "hale kūʻai ʻakaʻaka" i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ka mea maoli. Ua hoʻoholo mākou e pāʻani i kahi pāʻani ma luna o ka luna hoʻoponopono, e like me ka mea maʻamau, e kiʻi ana i ka lumi maʻamau. Ua kali lākou a kokoke e hoʻopau ʻo Semenov i ka haku mele, hoʻopiha i kāna paipu a hele i waho e puhi - a kau i kahi palaka ma ke kiʻi kokoke pau.
Ua hoʻi mai ʻo Semyonov. ʻIke. Kū ʻo ia me he kia lā. Nahu ʻo ia i kona mau lehelehe. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i kahi mea ʻeleʻele a kaumaha, e like me ka pōhaku pōhaku: "Asshole!"
Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻo ia i ke kiʻi "hoʻopau ʻia" i ka papaʻaina aʻe, ʻūhū, lawe i kahi pepa paʻa ʻole, a nānā i ka ʻākau, hoʻomaka e huki hou i nā mea āpau.
Ma keʻano laulā, ua hōʻino wau i ka prank no nā kānaka.
Akā ʻoi aku ka mea nui ma mua o ka pili ʻana i ka pāʻina, ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Semenov, e like me ke kūlana kūlana a me ka ʻole o ka mana, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea pena kiʻi puke maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻāina a no laila he kanaka mana loa i ka ʻoihana.
"He ino, e ke kaikunane, ua ike oe i ka Magyars!" Na I. Semenov i hoike no "The Good Soldier Schweik"
ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki iā ia ke hōʻuluʻulu i ka hapa ʻehā o ka kūleʻa - he hui. Aia i loko o ka pukana mua, ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi ʻakaʻaka e nā keiki kiʻi kiʻi maikaʻi loa o ka ʻāina: Konstantin Rotov, ka mea i hele mai me ke ʻano o ka ʻelemakule Hottabych a me Kāpena Vrungel, ʻo Alexey Laptev, nāna i huki i ka Dunno maʻamau, ʻo Vladimir Suteev ( ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi maʻamau no Cipollino, ʻoiai no ke aha wau e bashing, ʻo wai ka mea ʻike ʻole iā Suteev?) , ʻo Anatoly Eliseev i ʻōlelo ʻia. I ka makahiki mua, ua hui pū ʻia lākou e Aminadav Kanevsky, Viktor Chizhikov, Anatoly Sazonov, Evgeny Migunov a me kahi hui o nā hōkū nui mua.
ʻAe, ʻo ka mea hope loa ka ʻenehana hana. No ka hana ʻana i ka makasina, ua hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻo Semyonov i ka ʻōnaehana "crocodile" no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pilikia, i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ke kumumanaʻo "ʻo ka hele ʻana mai me ka ʻakaʻaka a me ke kiʻi ʻana i ka ʻakaʻaka he mau ʻano hana o ka lolo." ʻAʻole, aia nō, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa, e like me Viktor Chizhikov, ka mea i hele mai me ka hapa nui o kāna mau papahana ma VK, e hoʻomaka ana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana "No ke kaikamahine Masha a me ka pēpē Natasha," akā ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa ...
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o kēia ʻōnaehana i wehewehe ʻia e Felix Shapiro, ka mea hoʻoponopono o ka makasina "Funny Pictures" mai 1956 a i 1993:
Ma waena o nā limahana o ka makasina nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "themists" - ka poʻe akamai i ka hana ʻana i nā moʻolelo e kaha kiʻi a hiki ke kaʻana aku iā lākou me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ua nani kā mākou hui kumuhana. (No ka laʻana, ua hoʻomaka ke alakaʻi kaulana ʻo Alexander Mitta ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi kumuhana ma "Funny Pictures" - VN) Ua hele mai lākou i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā hālāwai ʻeleʻele" me kā lākou mau kiʻi. Ua mālama ʻia nā hālāwai ma kahi lumi me nā noho he nui a me ka papaʻaina hoʻokahi. ʻO Ivan Maksimovich e noho ana ma ka papaʻaina. Nānā aʻela ʻo ia i nā mea a pau a nīnau: "ʻAe, ʻo wai ka mea koa?" E puka mai ana kekahi o nā mea pena kiʻi kumuhana a hāʻawi iā ia i kā lākou kiʻi kiʻi. Hōʻike ʻo ia iā lākou i ka poʻe a pau i hele mai a nānā i ka hopena: inā ʻakaʻaka nā kānaka, waiho ʻia nā kiʻi. Inā ʻaʻohe pane, e hele i kekahi.
Wahi a nā moʻolelo, hele lākou i kekahi manawa i waho o "nā hālāwai ʻeleʻele" me ka ʻakaʻaka a hiki i ka hysteria. A ma ka laulā, e hoʻoholo ana i nā memo, ʻo ka lewa hana ma "Funny Pictures" i hoʻomanaʻo nui ʻia i ka Strugatskys '"Monday Begins on Saturday" - me nā ʻakaʻaka kūpono, hoʻohenehene, inu pinepine i nā mea inu kaulana, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa - ke aloha noʻonoʻo. kā lākou hana.
Ua hana lākou i ka puke puke kamaliʻi maikaʻi loa ma ka honua a ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoholo i kahi mea liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kahi makasini kahi, no ka laʻana, ua paʻi ʻia nā comics outlandish no ka Soviet Union mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻaʻole kēia he kiʻi ʻōlelo. Eia ka "Petya Ryzhik" kaulana o Semenov mai ka pukana mua.
ʻO kahi makasina kahi i hoʻokaʻulua ʻole ai nā mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi loa o ka honua: Jean Effel mai Farani, Raoul Verdini mai Italia, Herluf Bidstrup mai Denmark.
Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa ua lilo ka launa pū ʻana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. No laila, i ka pau ʻana o ʻAukake 1968, ua paʻi ʻia kahi pukana kaulana ʻole o "Funny Pictures".
ʻAuhea, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka moʻolelo moʻolelo hala ʻole a ka mea kākau Czech ʻo Vaclav Čtvrtek (pehea lākou e haʻi ai i kēia mau inoa hope?) "ʻElua Bugs." Eia ʻo ia:
A maikaʻi nā mea a pau, akā i ka manawa o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka makasina e hoʻopau ʻia ka "Prague Spring" kaulana me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pūʻali koa mai nā ʻāina o ka lehulehu socialist i Czechoslovakia.
Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻo Danube, nā Lūkini, Poles a me nā Magyars i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua e hoʻokele i nā kaʻa a puni ke kapikala ʻo Czech, kūkulu ʻo Czechs i nā pā kaua, ka palena ʻo Yevtushenko i haku i ka mele "Ke neʻe nei nā Tanks ma Prague," hoʻokumu nā mea kūʻē i kahi hōʻikeʻike ma Red Square, kani nā leo ʻenemi i nā ʻano āpau. nā alapine lekiō, kū ka KGB ma nā pepeiao a me he mea lā ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia i kahi kūlana pā.
A i kēia manawa, haʻi ʻo "Funny Pictures" i ka Soviet Union holoʻokoʻa i kēia manawa he nui nā manu ma Prague e kuʻi nei i nā iniseti Czech a no laila pono lākou e haʻalele i Prague.
I kēlā mau lā, lele nā poʻo no ka liʻiliʻi - ʻo "Technology for Youth" kokoke i pani ʻia i nā manawa Chernenkov nui loa.
I loko o "Nā kiʻi ʻakaʻaka," e like me ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻino i hana ʻia e ka nele o ka censorship. No ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka pilikia i ka hale paʻi, ua lawa ka pūlima o ka luna hoʻoponopono.
Akā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia nō ke kuleana o nā mea a pau.
E like me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o nā limahana, ʻelua paha pule me he mea lā e waiho ana kekahi kanaka make ma ke keʻena hoʻoponopono - ke neʻe nei nā mea a pau ma ka paia a kamaʻilio wale me ka hawanawana. Noho ʻo Semyonov i paʻa i loko o kāna keʻena, e uhaʻi ana i kāna pāpā ponoʻī, e puhi mau ana a me ka hypnotizing i ke kelepona.
A laila hoʻomaka lākou e hanu mālie.
Ua puhi.
ʻAʻole i ʻike.
A inā ʻike kekahi, ʻaʻole lākou i snitch.
Ua makemake mau mākou i ka makasina a Semyonov. Ua makemake nui lākou. ʻO nā keiki a me nā mākua.
I ʻole e hoʻopau ʻia me kēia pupule Soviet, he mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa me ka "Merry Men Club" a me ke ʻano kaulana loa o Ivan Semyonov.
ʻOiai ma ke kahua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka makasina, ua hele mai ʻo ia me kahi mascot no ka makasina - kahi mea hana kilokilo shaggy i loko o kahi pāpale ʻeleʻele, ka lole uliuli a me ke kakaka ʻulaʻula.
A laila ua hoʻoholo lākou e loaʻa iā ia kahi hui - nā moʻolelo kaulana kaulana e kau ʻia mai kēlā me kēia lumi. ʻElima wale nō mau lālā o ka hui mua: ʻo Karandash, Buratino, Cipollino, Petrushka a me Gurvinek.
A ma ka pukana mua loa, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka poʻe heluhelu ʻōpio e hoʻolauna iā lākou, e hoʻomaka ana, ma ke ʻano maoli, me ka luna hoʻomalu mau.
Inā ʻike nā hoa o Semenov e lilo ko lākou manaʻo kuʻekuʻe, i hana ʻia ma ko lākou mau kuli, i mea moʻomeheu maoli, e hana ʻia nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi e pili ana i ka "Merry Men Club" a kākau ʻia nā ʻatikala ʻepekema, e ulu aʻe kekahi mau hanauna o ka poʻe ma luna. .
ʻO ka poʻe i kēia lā e huki i ka philosophical, e ʻōlelo wau, caricatures. E like me kēia aʻu i kapa ai "The Living and the Dead."
Hoku ʻia ka penikala i ʻelima kiʻi paʻi kiʻi,
lilo i meʻe o nā puke he nui ʻole,
A hiki i kēia lā, noho mau ia i ka mascot o ka makasina "Funny Pictures" a me ka hana kaulana loa o ka mea pena kiʻi a nā keiki nui ʻo Ivan Semyonov.
ʻAʻole ia he coincidence, no ka laʻana, ʻo Viktor Chizhikov, ka mea i hoʻomaka e hana ma "Funny Pictures" ma ke ʻano he haumāna makahiki ʻekolu ma Moscow Printing Institute, huki mau i kāna kumu me kāna ʻano punahele. ʻo kahi laʻana:
A i ʻole ma ʻaneʻi:
He mea kupanaha ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka Honua, ma Australia, ke noho nei ke kaikunāne māhoe o kā mākou Pencil. I loko nō hoʻi o ka blouse a me ke kakaka.
Ke kali nei i nā nīnau hiki ʻole - ʻekolu makahiki o kā mākou Pencil, ua ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi kilokilo Australian i ka makahiki 1959. ʻO Mister Squiggle ka inoa o ka clone, a ʻo ia ka hōkū o kahi hōʻike o ka inoa like i holo ma ke kīwī Australia no nā makahiki he kanahā, mai 1959 a 1999.
ʻO Mr. Squiggle he papeti me kahi penikala ma kahi o ka ihu, nāna i hoʻopau mua i nā "scribbles" i hoʻouna ʻia e nā keiki a hoʻololi iā lākou i mau kiʻi pena piha, a laila ulu aʻe i kāna hōʻikeʻike hola a me ka hapa me nā malihini i kono ʻia a me ka ʻaha mele. helu.
I Pepeluali 2019, ua hoʻokuʻu ka poʻe Australia mahalo i kahi pūʻulu kālā he $60 e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka makahiki XNUMX o ko lākou ʻano kamaliʻi.
A ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kā mākou penikala kahi hōʻailona leka no kona lā makahiki.
I loko o koʻu hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, aia wale nō ka mahalo nui i nā haumāna mua o ʻOkakopa no ka hauʻoli o ka wā kamaliʻi.
Source: www.habr.com