He mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kula "ʻepekema lolouila" i ka makahiki 90, a no ke aha i aʻo wale ʻia ai nā mea papahana a pau.
He aha nā keiki i aʻo ʻia e papahana
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 90, ua hoʻomaka nā kula ʻo Moscow e hoʻolako i nā papa kamepiula. Ua hoʻolako koke ʻia nā keʻena me nā kaola ma nā puka makani a me ka puka hao kaumaha. Mai kekahi wahi, ua puka mai kekahi kumu ʻepekema kamepiula (ua like ʻo ia me ka hoa koʻikoʻi ma hope o ke alakaʻi), ʻo kāna hana nui ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻaʻole i hoʻopā kekahi mea. ʻAʻohe mea. ʻO ka puka mua.
I loko o nā lumi papa e ʻike pinepine ʻia ka BK-0010 (ma kāna mau ʻano) a me nā ʻōnaehana BK-0011M.
Lawe ʻia ke kiʻi
Ua haʻi ʻia nā keiki e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā maʻamau, a me ka ʻumi mau kauoha BASIC i hiki iā lākou ke kaha i nā laina a me nā pōʻai ma ka pā. No nā papa ʻōpio a me waena, ua lawa paha kēia.
Aia kekahi mau pilikia me ka mālama ʻana i nā hana a kekahi (nā papahana). ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ua hui pū ʻia nā kamepiula e hoʻohana ana i nā mana mono-channel i kahi pūnaewele me kahi topology "bus maʻamau" a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana o 57600 baud. E like me ke kānāwai, hoʻokahi wale nō kaʻa disk, a ua hewa pinepine nā mea me ia. I kekahi manawa hana ia, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole, i kekahi manawa ua maloʻo ka pūnaewele, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ka floppy disk.
A laila, lawe au i kēia hana me ka mana o 360 kB.
He 50-70 pakeneka ka loaʻa hou ʻana o kaʻu papahana.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pilikia nui o kēia mau moʻolelo a pau me nā kamepiula BC ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu pau ʻole.
Hiki i kēia ke hana i kēlā me kēia manawa, inā e paʻi ana i ka code a i ʻole ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi papahana. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana paʻa ka manaʻo ua hoʻohana ʻoe i 45 mau minuke me ka makehewa, no ka mea... Pono wau e hana hou i nā mea āpau, akā ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa haʻawina i koe no kēia.
Ma kahi kokoke i 1993, ma kekahi mau kula a me nā lyceums, ua puka mai nā papa maʻamau me 286 mau kaʻa, a ma kekahi mau wahi he ʻekolu rubles. Ma ke ʻano o nā ʻōlelo hoʻolālā, ʻelua mau koho: kahi i pau ai ka "BASIC", hoʻomaka ʻo "Turbo Pascal".
Hoʻolālā ma "Turbo Pascal" me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laʻana o "tanks"
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Pascal, ua aʻo ʻia nā keiki e hana i nā puka lou, kahakiʻi i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, a me ka hana pū me nā arrays. Ma ka physics a me ka makemakika lyceum, kahi aʻu i "noho ai" no kekahi manawa, hoʻokahi kāne i kēlā me kēia pule i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻepekema kamepiula. A ʻelua makahiki i noho ai kēia wahi ʻoluʻolu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, makemake wau e hana i kahi mea koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā waiwai o kahi array a i ʻole kekahi ʻano sinusoid ma ka pale.
Nā pahu pahu
ʻO Battle City kekahi o nā pāʻani kaulana loa ma NES clone consoles (Dendy, etc.).
I ka makahiki 1996, ua hala ka kaulana o 8-bits, ua lōʻihi lākou e hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo i loko o nā keʻena keʻena, a ua ʻoluʻolu iaʻu e hana i kahi clone o "Tanks" no ka PC ma ke ʻano he mea nui. ʻO kēia ka mea e pili ana i ka wā e pono ai ke alo i mea e kākau ai i kekahi mea me nā kiʻi, ka ʻiole a me ke kani ma Pascal.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke huki i nā lāʻau a me nā pōʻai
E hoʻomaka kākou me nā kiʻi.
Ma kāna ʻano kumu, ua ʻae ʻo Pascal iā ʻoe e kaha kiʻi i kekahi mau kiʻi, pena a hoʻoholo i nā kala o nā kiko. ʻO nā kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe loa i ka module Graph e hoʻokokoke iā mākou i nā sprites ʻo GetImage a me PutImage. Me kā lākou kōkua, ua hiki ke hopu i kahi ʻāpana o ka pale i loko o kahi wahi hoʻomanaʻo i mālama mua ʻia a laila hoʻohana i kēia ʻāpana ma ke ʻano he kiʻi bitmap. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana hou i kekahi mau mea a i ʻole nā kiʻi ma ka pale, e huki mua ʻoe iā lākou, e kope iā lākou i ka hoʻomanaʻo, holoi i ka pale, e kaha kiʻi i ka mea aʻe, a pēlā aku a hiki i ka hana ʻana i ka waihona i makemake ʻia i ka hoʻomanaʻo. Ma muli o ka wikiwiki o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole ʻike ka mea hoʻohana i kēia mau hoʻopunipuni.
ʻO ka module mua kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā sprites ka mea hoʻoponopono palapala.
He kahua pāʻani i kaha ʻia. Ke kaomi ʻana i ka ʻiole i lawe mai i kahi papa kuhikuhi kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke koho i kekahi o nā koho ʻehā. ʻŌlelo no ka ʻiole...
ʻO ka ʻiole ka hopena o nā makahiki 90
ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa nā ʻiole i kēlā me kēia kanaka, akā a hiki i ka waena o 90s ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma Windows 3.11 wale nō, nā pūʻulu kiʻi, a me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā pāʻani. Ua hoʻokani ʻia ʻo Wolf a me Doom me ke kīpē wale nō. A ma ke kaiapuni DOS ʻaʻole pono ka ʻiole. No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻo Borland i ka module ʻiole i loko o ka pūʻolo maʻamau. Pono ʻoe e ʻimi iā ia ma o kāu poʻe kamaʻāina, ka poʻe i kīkoʻo i ko lākou mau lima a hoʻōho i ka pane ʻana, "No ke aha ʻoe e pono ai iā ia?"
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi module e koho i ka ʻiole he hapalua wale nō ke kaua. No ke kaomi ʻana i nā pihi ma ka ʻaoʻao me ka ʻiole, pono lākou e huki. Eia kekahi, ma nā ʻano ʻelua (paʻi ʻia a ʻaʻole paʻi). ʻO kahi pihi ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia he māmā ma luna a he aka ma lalo. Ke paʻi ʻia, ʻo ia ke ʻano. A laila kaha kiʻi ma ka pale ʻekolu manawa (ʻaʻole paʻi, kaomi, a laila ʻaʻole paʻi hou). Eia kekahi, mai poina e hoʻonoho i nā lohi no ka hōʻike ʻana, a hūnā i ka cursor.
No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka papa kuhikuhi nui ma ke code e like me kēia:
Kani – PC Speaker wale nō
He moʻolelo kaʻawale me ke kani. I ka makahiki mua o ka nineties, ke hoʻomākaukau nei nā clones Sound Blaster no kā lākou huakaʻi lanakila, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā noi i hana wale me ka leo i kūkulu ʻia. ʻO ka nui o kona hiki ke hana hou i ka leo hoʻokahi wale nō. A ʻo ia ka mea a Turbo Pascal i ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hana. Ma o ke kaʻina hana kani ua hiki ke "squeak" me nā alapine like ʻole, i lawa no nā leo o nā pū a me nā pahū, akā no ka pale mele mele, e like me ka wā kahiko, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia. ʻO ka hopena, ua loaʻa kahi hopena maalea loa: i loko o ka waihona ponoʻī o ka polokalamu, ua ʻike ʻia kahi "exe file", i hoʻoiho ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa mai kekahi BBS. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hana mana - pāʻani i nā wavs uncompressed ma o ka PC Speaker, a ua hana ʻo ia mai ka laina kauoha a ʻaʻohe ona interface maoli. ʻO nā mea a pau i makemake ʻia ʻo ke kāhea ʻana iā ia ma o ke kaʻina hana Pascal exec a e hōʻoia i ka hāʻule ʻole o kēia kūkulu.
ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia ke mele pepehi kanaka ma ka pale pale, akā he mea ʻakaʻaka i loaʻa me ia. I ka makahiki 1996, loaʻa iaʻu kahi ʻōnaehana ma kahi Pentium 75, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i 90. Ua hana maikaʻi nā mea a pau ma luna. Ma ke kulanui kahi i hoʻokomoʻia aiʻo Pascal no mākou i ke kau lua, aia nā "ʻekolu rubles" i hoʻohana maikaʻiʻia i loko o ka lumi papa. Ma ka ʻaelike me ke kumu, ua lawe au i kēia mau pahu i ka haʻawina ʻelua i mea e loaʻa ai kahi hoʻokolohua a ʻaʻole e hele hou i laila. A no laila, ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, puka mai kahi leo nui i hui pū ʻia me nā leo guttural gurgling. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole hiki i ka 33-megahertz DX "kāleka ʻekolu-ruble" ke wili pono i kēlā "hoʻokō". Akā i ʻole ua maikaʻi nā mea a pau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole helu i ka koho balota lohi, ka mea i hoʻopau i ka pāʻani holoʻokoʻa, me ka nānā ʻole i ka hana PC.
Akā ʻaʻole ka pilikia nui ma Pascal
I koʻu hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ʻo "Tanks" ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i hiki ke ʻoki ʻia mai loko mai o Turbo Pascal me ka ʻole o nā hoʻokomo hui. ʻO nā hemahema i ʻike ʻia o ka huahana hope loa, ʻo ia ke koho balota lohi a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kiʻi lohi. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kūlana e ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā hale waihona puke a me nā modules. Hiki ke helu ʻia ma nā manamana lima hoʻokahi.
Akā ʻo ka mea i hoʻonāukiuki loa iaʻu, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻonaʻauao kula. ʻAʻohe mea i haʻi aku i nā keiki i ia manawa e pili ana i nā pono a me nā mea hiki o nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe. I loko o ka papa, ua kokoke koke lākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka begin, println a inā, i laka i nā haumāna i loko o ka paradigm BASIC-Pascal. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo ʻelua he hoʻonaʻauao wale nō. ʻO kā lākou hoʻohana "hakakā" he mea maʻamau.
No ke aha e aʻo ai i nā keiki i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopunipuni he mea pohihihi ia iaʻu. E ʻike hou aku iā lākou. E hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o BASIC ma ʻaneʻi a ma laila. Akā, inā hoʻoholo kekahi e hoʻopili i kona wā e hiki mai ana me ka polokalamu, pono ʻo ia e aʻo i nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe mai ka wā kahiko. No laila, no ke aha e hāʻawi ʻole ʻia ai nā keiki i nā hana hoʻonaʻauao like, akā ma kahi kahua maʻamau (ʻōlelo), i loko e hiki ai iā lākou ke ulu kūʻokoʻa?
E kamaʻilio ana i nā hana. Ma ke kula a me ke kulanui, ʻike ʻole lākou: helu i kekahi mea, kūkulu i kahi hana, kaha kiʻi i kekahi mea. Ua aʻo au ma nā kula ʻokoʻa ʻekolu, a ua loaʻa iā mākou ʻo "Pascal" i ka makahiki mua o ke kula, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻopuka nā kumu i kekahi pilikia pili maoli. No ka laʻana, e hana i kahi puke puke a i ʻole kekahi mea pono. Ua mamao loa nā mea a pau. A i ka wā e hoʻohana ai ke kanaka i nā mahina e hoʻoponopono ai i nā pilikia ʻole, a laila hele i loko o ka ʻōpala ... Ma ke ʻano laulā, ua haʻalele ka poʻe i ke ahi.
Ma ke ala, i ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke kulanui hoʻokahi, ua hāʻawi ʻia mākou i "pluses" i ka papahana. Me he mea lā he mea maikaʻi, akā ua luhi nā kānaka, piha i nā hana hoʻopunipuni a "hoʻomaʻamaʻa". ʻAʻohe mea i ʻoliʻoli e like me ka manawa mua.
PS Ua huli au e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo i aʻo ʻia i nā papa ʻepekema kamepiula i nā kula. Ua like nā mea a pau me 25 makahiki aku nei: Basic, Pascal. Hele mai ʻo Python i nā hoʻokomo sporadic.
Source: www.habr.com