Ke kipa aku nei i kekahi ʻāina, he mea nui ʻaʻole e huikau i ka mākaʻikaʻi me ka neʻe ʻana.
Ka naauao
I kēia lā makemake wau e noʻonoʻo i ka pilikia koʻikoʻi loa - ʻo ke koena o ke kālā i ke aʻo ʻana, noho a me ka hana ʻana ma waho. Inā ma nā ʻāpana ʻehā i hala (, , , ) Ua ho'āʻo wau e pale i kēia kumuhana e like me kaʻu i hiki ai, a laila ma kēia ʻatikala e huki mākou i kahi laina mānoanoa ma lalo o nā helu lōʻihi o ke koena o nā uku a me nā lilo.
Akahana: He mea koʻikoʻi ke kumuhana, a he kakaikahi wale nō ka poʻe makemake e uhi ma ke akea, akā e hoʻāʻo wau. ʻO nā mea a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma lalo nei he hoʻāʻo e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a puni, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kekahi mau alakaʻi no ka poʻe e makemake ana i Switzerland, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.
ʻāina ma ke ʻano he ʻauhau ʻauhau
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻauhau ma Switzerland e hana like me ka wati Swiss: maopopo a me ka manawa. He paʻakikī loa ka uku ʻole, ʻoiai aia nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Nui nā ʻauhau ʻauhau a me nā ʻae (no ka laʻana, aia ka hoʻemi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa lehulehu, nā ʻaina awakea ma ka hana, ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea leʻaleʻa inā koi ʻia lākou no ka hana, etc.).
E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma , ma Kuikilana he ʻōnaehana ʻauhau ʻekolu pae: federal (ka uku hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia), cantonal (like no nā mea a pau i loko o ka canton) a me ke kaiāulu (like no nā mea āpau i loko o ke kaona). 'aka kauhale/kaona). Ma ke kumu, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā ʻauhau ma mua o nā ʻāina e pili ana, akā ʻoi aku ka pono, ʻoi aku ka pono, ʻai nā uku i kēia ʻokoʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka hopena o ka ʻatikala.
Akā maikaʻi kēia mau mea a hiki i kou hoʻoholo ʻana e hoʻomaka i kahi ʻohana - eia ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻauhau, akā ʻaʻole ʻoi loa. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ʻoe i kēia manawa he "ʻāpana o ka hui", ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kāu loaʻa kālā (hello, progressive scale), e ʻai nui ka ʻohana, a pono e hānau ʻia ke keiki, a laila nā kindergartens, nā kula. , nā kulanui, aia ka nui o ia mau mea ma ke koena o ka moku'āina, akā no ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e uku i kahi ʻoi aku, ma kahi liʻiliʻi. Noho pinepine nā kama'āina i nā male kīwila, no ka mea, pono ka hoʻokele waiwai, a i ʻole lākou e noho i nā cantons me nā ʻauhau haʻahaʻa (e laʻa, ), akā hana lākou i nā cantons "momona" (no ka laʻana, Zurich - 30 mau minuke ma ke kaʻaahi mai Zug). ʻElua mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua hoʻāʻo e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana a, ma ka liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā ʻauhau no nā ʻohana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka poʻe hoʻokahi - ʻaʻole i hana.
ʻO nā loli o nā referendumʻO ka manawa pinepine, ma lalo o ke kumu o nā referendum pono, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokau i kekahi mau hoʻoholo a me nā manaʻo. Ma ke kumu, he mea pono e hoemi i ka auhau no ka poe mare, a me ka poe keiki; Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ke kākoʻo no kēia manaʻo. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻaoʻao Kalikiano nāna i hoʻokumu i ka referendum i ka manawa like e hoʻoikaika i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka male ʻana ʻo "ka hui ʻana o ke kāne a me ka wahine" - auwe, ua nalowale ke kākoʻo o ka hapa nui. Hoʻomanawanui.
Eia naʻe, ke loaʻa kāu keiki, a ʻelua paha, ua emi iki kāu ʻauhau, no ka mea, he lālā hou kāu e hilinaʻi ai. A inā hoʻokahi wale nō o nā kāne e hana, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi i nā ʻano kālā like ʻole a me nā ʻae ʻana, e pili ana i ka ʻinikua olakino.
Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻopunipuni a - ʻaʻole ke Akua - e pale i ka ʻauhau, a laila i ke ola hoʻokahi wale nō manawa e hopu ʻia i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau a kala ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono hou i ke kūlana a me ka inoa ʻino, ma ke ʻano maoli, ma ka uku ʻana i nā ʻauhau āpau ʻole. ʻO ka hope aʻe - ka ʻaha, ka ʻilihune, kahi kukui, kahi lumpen i mua o ka Hale Aliʻi Ryumin ma Lausanne.
"Lumpen-tent": nā wahi i koho ʻia o ka "intelligentsia" kūloko - e kū pono ana i ka hale hōʻikeʻike a me ka hale waihona puke...
No ka poʻe e hoʻolālā e neʻe a uku i ka ʻauhau ma o lākou iho (e laʻa, ma ka wehe ʻana i kā lākou hui ponoʻī), Nahu i nā kikoʻī hou aku.
ʻO ka mea maikaʻi, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻopiha i kahi hoʻihoʻi ʻauhau a hiki i kāu loaʻa kālā ma mua o ~120k i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a kākoʻo ka hui i ka hana "taxe a la source", a ʻo ka palapala ʻae he B (temporary). Ke loaʻa koke iā ʻoe iā C, a i ʻole ua ʻoi aku kāu uku ma mua o ~120k, e ʻoluʻolu ʻoe e uku ʻauhau iā ʻoe iho (ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ka canton o Vaud pono ʻoe e hoʻopiha i kahi ʻōlelo). E like me kāna i hoʻomaopopo ai , ma nā cantons ʻōlelo Kelemānia e like me Zurich, Schwyz, Zug a i ʻole St. Galen, pono e hana ʻia kēia. A i ʻole inā pono ʻoe e hoʻouna i nā palapala no ka unuhi ʻana (e ʻike i luna + kolu o ka peni penikala), a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻopiha i kahi hoʻolaha (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi hoʻolālā maʻalahi).
Ua maopopo he paʻakikī ke hana iā ʻoe iho no ka manawa mua, no laila no 50-100 francs kahi makua kāne-fudussier ('aka triplehander, germ. ʻO Treuhänder, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao ) e hoʻopiha iā ʻoe me nā neʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe (ʻo ka mea nui ka hilinaʻi, akā e nānā!). A i ka makahiki aʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke hana iā ʻoe iho i kou kiʻi a me kou ʻano.
Eia naʻe, ʻo Switzerland confederation, a no laila, ʻokoʻa nā ʻauhau mai kēlā canton a i canton, mai ke kūlanakauhale a i ke kūlanakauhale a mai ke kauhale a i ke kauhale. IN Ua ʻōlelo au e hiki iā ʻoe ke pōmaikaʻi mai ka ʻauhau ma ka neʻe ʻana i kuaʻāina. Aia he , e hōʻike maopopo ana i ka nui o ke kanaka e hoʻopakele ai a lilo paha ma ka neʻe ʻana mai Lausanne a, e ʻōlelo, ʻo Ecoublan (ke kaona kahi e kū ai ʻo EPFL).
Panorama o Lake Leman kokoke i Vevey e hoʻomālamalama i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau
Auhau ea
Aia ma Switzerland nā ʻauhau "ma ka lewa".
ai ole ia, mai 01.01.2019/XNUMX/XNUMX. ʻO kēia ka ʻauhau "punahele" nui loa - ka ʻauhau ma manawa kūpono e nānā i ke kīwī a hoʻolohe i ka lekiō. ʻO ia hoʻi, i ko mākou honua - i ka lewa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka Pūnaewele ma ʻaneʻi, a no ka mea, ʻaneʻane loaʻa i nā kānaka āpau ke kelepona (heluhelu: smartphone) i kēia mau lā, he paʻakikī loa ke kāpae ʻia.
Ma mua, aia he mahele i ka lekiō (~ 190 CHF i kēlā me kēia makahiki) a me TV (~ 260 CHF i kēlā me kēia makahiki) no kēlā me kēia. ka hale (ʻae, he ʻohana ʻokoʻa ka chalet ʻāina), a laila ma hope o ka referendum i hala iho nei ua hui ʻia ka nui (~ 365 CHF i kēlā me kēia makahiki, he franc i kēlā me kēia lā), me ka nānā ʻole i ka lekiō a i ʻole TV, a ma ka manawa like ua koi ʻia nā ʻohana a pau. uku, me ka nānā ʻole i ke alo o ka mea hoʻokipa. Ma ke kaulike, pono e hoʻomaopopo i nā haumāna, nā mea hoʻomaha a me - koke - he limahana ʻaʻole i uku ʻia kēia ʻauhau. Ma ke ala, no ka uku ʻole ʻia ka uku a hiki i ka 5000 francs, ʻoi aku ka noʻonoʻo. ʻOiai ua ʻike au i kekahi mau laʻana i ka wā ʻaʻole i uku ke kanaka i kēia ʻauhau ma ke kumu no kekahi mau makahiki a ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻi ʻia.
ʻAe, ʻo ka cherry ma ka pōpō: inā makemake ʻoe e lawaiʻa, e uku no ka laikini, aia nā palena paʻa i ka manawa lawaiʻa, inā makemake ʻoe e hopu, uku no ka laikini, mālama pono i kāu mea kaua, a komo i ka quota no pana holoholona hihiu. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi hoa Swiss e pili ana i ka hopu ʻana a laila hāʻawi ʻia ka iʻa i ka mokuʻāina.
Inā makemake ʻoe e loaʻa kahi puaʻa, e uku i ka ʻauhau (a hiki i 100-150 francs ma ke kūlanakauhale a aneane ʻaʻole i ka ʻāina). Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e uku, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i microchipped i ka holoholona, e hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻoe! He mea ʻakaʻaka: ʻo nā mākaʻi, ʻoiai e mākaʻikaʻi ana i nā alanui, hoʻōki i nā wahine Pukiki me nā ʻīlio a hoʻāʻo e hoʻopaʻi iā lākou.
A eia hou, ma ka dialectically, ke ʻike nei au aia kēia nui i nā ʻeke kahi e koi ʻia ai nā mea holoholona e wehe i ka excrement o kā lākou mau uku, nā wahi kūikawā no ka hele ʻana i nā ʻīlio nui me nā ʻōnaehana kūpono, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke alanui a me ka pau ʻole o nā holoholona hele hewa. ma nā kūlanakauhale (ʻae a me nā kauhale pū kekahi). Maʻemaʻe a palekana!
Ma keʻano laulā, he paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻano hana ʻaʻole e kau ʻia i ka ʻauhau, akā hele nā ʻauhau i nā kumu e ʻohi ai lākou: no nā lawelawe kaiāulu - pilikanaka, no nā ʻīlio - no nā ʻīlio, a no nā ʻōpala - ʻōpala. ... Ma ke ala, e pili ana i ka ʻōpala!
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻōpala
E hoʻomaka kākou me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e uku ana kēlā me kēia hale ma Switzerland i ka uku no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻōpala (he uku kumu kēia, e like me ka ʻauhau). Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolei i nā ʻōpala i nā wahi āu e makemake ai. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā ʻeke kūikawā ma ke kumu kūʻai o 1 franc no 17 lita. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole lākou i nā cantons o Geneva a me Valais, akā mai ka makahiki 2018 ua hui pū lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka "aloha" a pau o Swiss e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōpala: pepa, plastic (me ka PET), aniani, compost, aila, pākaukau, aluminika, hao, etc. ʻO nā mea maʻamau ka mea mua ʻehā. Kōkua ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mālama nui ʻana i nā ʻeke no ka ʻōpala maʻamau.
Aia nā mākaʻi ʻōpala e hiki ke nānā pono i kāu mea e hoʻolei aku ai me ka pepa, compost a i ʻole ka ʻōpala maʻamau. Inā he mau hewa (no ka laʻana, hoʻolei lākou i waho i ka ʻōpala plastik me ka pepa a i ʻole ka Li-battery i loko o ka ʻōpala maʻamau), a laila ma muli o nā hōʻike i loko o ka ʻōpala ponoʻī, hiki ke loaʻa ke kanaka a hoʻopuka i ka uku. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi uku no ka uku no ka hana o ka ʻōpala ʻōpala iā lākou iho, ʻo ia hoʻi, e kiʻi piha. Ke holomua nei ka pālākiō, a ma hope o 3-4 mau hoʻopaʻi hiki ke hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ke kanaka, a ua piha.
Pēlā nō, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻolei i ka ʻōpala i loko o kahi ʻeke maʻamau ma kahi ākea a i ʻole e waiho i loko o ka ʻōpala a kekahi.
'Inikua - e like me nā 'auhau, akā 'inikua wale nō
Ma Switzerland he nui nā ʻano ʻinikua a pau: ka nele i ka hana, ka hāpai ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau (e like me kā mākou ʻinikua olakino koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻinikua olakino manawaleʻa), ma nā huakaʻi ʻē aʻe (i hana mau ʻia me OMC), ʻinikua niho, kīnā, ulia pōpilikia, ʻinikua penikala, ahi a me nā pōʻino kūlohelohe (), no ka hoʻolimalima hale hoʻolimalima (RCA), no ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino i ka waiwai o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe (ʻae, ʻokoʻa kēia me RCA), ʻinikua ola, (ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai nā mauna, pili i ke kauwela ma nā hikes a i ka hoʻoilo ma nā skis), kānāwai (no ka kamaʻilio maʻalahi a hoʻomaha i nā ʻaha) a ʻaʻole kēia he papa inoa piha. No ka poʻe i loaʻa nā kaʻa, aia kahi ʻano o nā koho ʻē aʻe: MTPL kūloko, CASCO, kāhea i ke kōkua ʻenehana () A laila.
Manaʻo ka poʻe kamaʻāina maʻamau he hale ʻilihune kahi ʻinikua kahi i manuahi nā mea a pau. Ua wikiwiki au e hōʻino: he ʻoihana ka ʻinikua, a pono e loaʻa i kahi ʻoihana ke loaʻa kālā, inā ma ʻApelika a i Switzerland paha. Ma keʻano maʻamau: ka nui o nā uku - ka nui o nā uku - ka nui o ka uku a me nā kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0 (ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻolaha like ʻana a me ka uku ʻana i nā bonus i nā ʻinikua no nā mea kūʻai aku hou), pono e ʻike ʻia. waiwai maikaʻi. E hoʻomaopopo, ʻaʻole like, ʻaʻole emi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui.
ʻO kahi ʻano Swiss hou aʻe: e nānā iā Montreux mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe
Eia kekahi laʻana o ka scammer pono mai ka uliuli.
Pehea ʻo CSS i hoʻopunipuni ai i nā haumāna ma 2014No laila, ʻo 2014 ia, ʻaʻole wau i hoʻopilikia i kekahi. Ua hōʻike nā luna Swiss, ma ke ʻano he loiloi maʻamau, ʻo kekahi o nā hui ʻinikua nui loa, CSS, ua loaʻa ma ke kānāwai he 200-300k francs i uku ʻia mai ka waihona kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki e uhi i nā kumukūʻai o ka ʻinikua olakino koi no nā haumāna. ʻO ka pōʻino ma luna o 10 mau makahiki he 3 miliona francs. ʻAe, ʻoihana maikaʻi loa!
I kēia manawa, ua wehe ʻia nā haumāna PhD mai ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻinikua haumāna a koi ʻia e uku piha, e like me ke kanaka makua hana (ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hōʻailona e pili ana i ka loaʻa kālā makahiki).
He aha ka CSS i hana ai?! Ua mihi anei ʻoe, uku i kekahi mea, kōkua ma kekahi ʻano? ʻAʻole, ua hoʻouna wale lākou i ka leka hoʻomaopopo e like me ia a me ia lā, ʻaʻole uhi ʻia ka haumāna i mahalo ʻia e kā lākou ʻinikua, a ʻaʻole e ulu ka mauʻu. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe ko ʻoukou pilikia, e nā haku!
Nānā i nā kiko'ī .
'Inikua lapaʻau: ke hiki wawe ka make, akā ua lōʻihi ka mālama
A ma muli o ka huli ʻana o ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka ʻinikua olakino, pono ke kū ʻokoʻa ma ʻaneʻi, no ka mea, paʻakikī loa ke kumuhana a hoʻopaʻapaʻa loa.
Ma Switzerland, aia kahi ʻōnaehana o ka hui pū ʻana i nā lawelawe olakino, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kēlā me kēia mahina e uku ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kekahi kālā, a laila uku kūʻokoʻa ka mea kūʻai aku a hiki i ka nui o ka deductible. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mea hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hāʻawi kālā o kēlā me kēia mahina, no laila inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻolālā e loaʻa i ka maʻi a ʻaʻohe ou ʻohana/keiki, a laila e ʻoluʻolu e lawe i ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa. Inā ʻoi aku ka uku o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o ka deductible, a laila hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana ʻinikua e uku no ia (i kekahi mau hihia, e koi ʻia ka mea kūʻai aku e uku hou aku i 10%, akā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 600-700 i kēlā me kēia makahiki).
ʻO ka huina, ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe a ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e uku mai kāna ʻeke ponoʻī he 2500 + 700 + ~250-300×12 = 6200-6800 i kēlā me kēia makahiki no kahi kanaka hana makua. Ke haʻi hou aku nei au: ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia uku palena iki ʻaʻohe kālā.
ʻO ka mea mua, inā e holo ana ʻoe i nā kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole e noho lōʻihi i nā halemai, ke aʻo aku nei au iā ʻoe e mālama i kahi ʻinikua kaʻawale e uhi i kēia mau lilo.
No ka laʻana, maule kekahi o koʻu mau hoaaloha ma ka hana, ua kapa ʻia nā hoa hana aloha he ambulance. Mai kahi o ka hana a i ka haukapila - 15 mau minuke ma ka wāwae (sic!), akā pono ka ambulance e hele i kahi alahele ma nā alanui, kahi e lawe ai ma kahi o 10-15 mau minuke. I ka huina, 15 mau minuke i ke kumukūʻai ambulance ~750-800 francs (kahi mea e like me 50k lāʻau) no ka hoʻokūkū. No laila, ʻoiai inā hānau ʻoe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o 20 mau manawa. Aia ka ambulance no nā hihia paʻakikī wale nō.
No ka ʻike: hoʻokahi lā ma ka haukapila mai 1 francs (e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana a me ke keʻena), e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi noho ma Montreux a i ʻole Lausanne Palace (000-star hotels +).
ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā kauka kekahi o nā ʻoihana uku kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole lākou e hana. ʻO 1 minuke o ko lākou manawa koina x mau hōʻaiʻē (ʻo kēlā me kēia kauka kona "helu" ponoʻī e pili ana i kāna ʻoihana kūikawā a me kāna mau ʻike), ʻo kēlā me kēia hōʻaiʻē he 4-5-6 francs. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho maʻamau he 15 mau minuke, ʻo ia ke kumu i aloha ai nā mea a pau a nīnau e pili ana i ka lewa, ka maikaʻi, a pēlā aku. A no ka mea he ʻoihana ka ho'ōla (maikaʻi, ma o kahi hui ʻinikua, ʻoiaʻiʻo), a pono e loaʻa i ka ʻoihana ke loaʻa kālā - pono, maopopo ʻoe, ʻaʻole?! - ke ulu nei ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻinikua ma ka awelika o 5-10% i kēlā me kēia makahiki (ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe inflation ma Switzerland, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi moraki ma 1-2%). No ka laʻana, mai 2018 a 2019 ka ʻokoʻa he 306-285=21 francs a i ʻole. 7.3% mai Assura no ka ʻinikua maʻalahi.
A ma ke ʻano he cherry ʻē aʻe ma ka keke, ʻo ka lanakila ʻana i kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa me nā kauka kūloko nāna i hōʻeha i ke olakino o ka mea maʻi he hoʻokūkū kūʻai nui loa a pilikia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, no kēia mau kumu aia kāna ʻinikua ponoʻī - kānāwai, ʻaʻole kūʻai, akā uhi piha i nā kumukūʻai o nā loio a me nā ʻaha hoʻokolokolo. Mahope ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hele lōʻihi: ʻAʻole au i ʻike pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke huikau i ka 98% acetic acid a me ka vīnega i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (e hoʻāʻo e wehe wale i nā hue ʻelua i kou wā leʻaleʻa).
maluna o (no ka haʻi haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole he kanaka ʻilihune) ma Zurich ma hope o kahi hana liʻiliʻi, ʻoluʻolu wau e noho mālie.
ʻO nā ʻāpala i ka hau: ʻo kēlā piʻi like ʻana i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai mākou e helu i ka nui o kā mākou haʻalele ʻana, a no kekahi, ʻo ke kōkua olakino. Eia naʻe, 32 km ma kahi o 16 - he hoʻonohonoho
ʻO ke kolu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau (ʻaʻole kēia e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā lima a me nā wāwae i loko o ke kino hoʻokahi ma hope o kahi ulia pōpilikia, akā e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i ka maʻi a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ke anu). Me he mea lā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ke anu he maʻi ma ʻaneʻi - ʻōlelo lākou e hele wale ia, akā i kēia manawa, e lawe i ka paracetamol.
Pono ʻoe e ʻimi i nā kauka akamai ma o kāu mau hoaaloha (e hana nā kauka akamai i kahi manawa 2-3 mau mahina ma mua), a lawe i nā lāʻau mai ka Russian Federation. No ka laʻana, aia ka ʻeha / anti-inflammatory Nimesil a i ʻole Nemulex Nā manawa 5 ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi, a pinepine i loko o kahi ʻeke Nā manawa 2 ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e pili ana i kekahi Mezim e ʻeli ai i ka fondue a i ʻole raclette, maʻamau wau e noho mālie.
Hāhā, ʻO nā moʻolelo e pili ana i nā laina lōʻihi e kali ana i ke kōkua olakino ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ola ma mua o kahi mea kupaianaha. I loko o nā halemai/urzhans (e like me kahi lumi pilikia) aia kahi ʻōnaehana o nā mea nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā he ʻoki hohonu kou manamana lima, akā ʻaʻohe lita o ke koko e kahe ana i kēlā me kēia hola, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kali hola, ʻelua, ʻekolu, ʻehā a ʻelima paha no nā hola humuhumu! Ola, hanu, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kou ola - noho a kali. Pēlā nō, hiki i ka X-ray o ka manamana lima haki ke kali a hiki Nā hola 3-4, ʻoiai ʻo kēia kaʻina hana he 1-2 mau minuke (e kau i ke kapa alakaʻi, hoʻonohonoho ke kahu i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, kaomi a ua hōʻike ʻia ka x-ray ma ka pale).
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole pili kēia i nā keiki. ʻO nā "breakdowns" a pau no nā keiki i hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia ma waho o ka huli ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻinikua ma mua o nā pākeke.
Laʻana kūikawāHaʻi ka ihu o kekahi keiki liʻiliʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka haukapila. ʻO ka nui, ʻo ka mālama ʻana (me nā lāʻau lapaʻau) he 14 francs, kahi i uhi piha ʻia e ka ʻinikua, ʻoiai ua uku nā mākua i 000 francs mai kā lākou ʻeke ponoʻī. He pipiʻi a ʻaʻole paha? E kākau i nā manaʻo!
He puna meli. ʻOiai ʻo kēia ʻinikua e lawe mai i ka waiwai i kāna mau mea nona, ʻo ka nūhou maikaʻi ʻo ia ma Switzerland e hana maikaʻi ana kāna hana. No ka laʻana, i ka pō o ka Makahiki Hou, ua loaʻa kahi pōʻino - hoʻopaʻa wau i koʻu manamana lima ma ke aniani haki. E hoʻolauleʻa ana mākou i ka Makahiki Hou ma Palani, no laila e humuhumu ana mākou ma Annecy. Ua kali mākou ~ 4 hola, 2 mau hola i ke keʻena a me 2 mau hola ma ka "papa hana". Ua hoʻouna ʻia ka māka i ka hui ʻinikua me kahi wehewehe pōkole o ke kūlana (he ʻano kūikawā ko EPFL). ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka lā 29 he ½ lā hana, a ka polopeka i hāʻawi iā mākou i lā hoʻomaha, ʻo ia hoʻi. Ua uhi piha ka 'inikua ulia.
Collage mai nā hoaaloha. E akahele, paakiki - ua ao aku au ia oe
Pūnaehana penihana
ʻAʻole wau e makaʻu i kēia huaʻōlelo a e kapa aku i ka ʻōnaehana ʻinikua penikala Swiss kekahi o nā mea noʻonoʻo a maikaʻi loa i ka honua. He ʻano ʻinikua ʻāina kēia. Aia ma luna o , a me na kia.
kia mua - kahi ʻano analogue o ka nohona. nā penihana ma ka Russian Federation, e komo pū ana me ka penihana kīnā, ka penihana ola, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā haʻawina i kēia ʻano penikala e uku ʻia e nā mea a pau i loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā ma mua o 500 francs i kēlā me kēia mahina. He mea kūpono hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo ʻia no ka wahine hana ʻole me nā keiki liʻiliʻi, ua mālama ʻia nā makahiki o ka pou mua, e like me ka wahine hana.
kia lua - ʻāpana kālā i uku ʻia e ka hana. Uku ʻia ka motier-motier (50/50) e ka limahana a me ka mea hana no nā uku mai 20 a 000 francs i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No nā uku ma luna o 85 francs ( ʻO kēia ka 85 francs 320 centimes) ʻaʻole i uku ʻia ka uku ʻinikua a ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kuleana i ka limahana iā ia iho (no ka laʻana, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi kālā i ke kia ʻekolu).
kia kolu - he hana maʻemaʻe wale nō e hōʻiliʻili i ke kālā penikala. Ma kahi o 500 francs i kēlā me kēia mahina hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai ka ʻauhau ma ka waiho ʻana i kahi moʻokāki kūikawā.
Penei e like ai:
ʻEkolu mau kia o ka ʻōnaehana penikala Swiss.
ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi no nā haole: i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻāina no ka noho paʻa ʻana ma kahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe i kau inoa ʻole i kahi ʻaelike me ka Confederation ma ka ʻōnaehana penikala, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka 2nd a me 3rd pou kokoke loa, a ʻo ka hapa mua. He pōmaikaʻi nui kēia no nā limahana haole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻāina EU a i ʻole nā ʻāina i kau inoa i kahi ʻaelike me ka hui ʻana ma ka ʻōnaehana penikala. No laila, i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Switzerland, kūpono ke neʻe i kou ʻāina no kekahi mau mahina.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pou ʻelua a me ke kolu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi ʻoihana, ke kūʻai ʻana i ka waiwai a me ka uku moraki. He mīkini kūpono loa.
E like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka makahiki hoʻomaha ma Switzerland ma 62/65, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomaha ʻia mai 60 a 65 me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā pono. Eia nō naʻe, ke kamaʻilio nei e ʻae i ka limahana e hoʻoholo i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai ma waena o nā makahiki 60 a me 70. No ka laʻana, hana mau ʻo Gratzel ma EPFL, ʻoiai ʻo ia he 75 mau makahiki.
E hōʻuluʻulu: he aha ka uku o ka limahana i nā ʻauhau?
Ma lalo au e hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo uku e hōʻike pololei ana i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka mea i kāohi ʻia mai kahi limahana hana, no ka laʻana, ma nā keʻena aupuni (EPFL):
Kaao: AVS - Assurance-vieillesse et survivants (inikua makahiki kahiko) 'aka kia mua), AC - inikua hana ole, CP - caisse de pension (pension fund 'aka kia lua), ANP/SUVA - hōʻoiaʻiʻo ulia pōpilikia (inikua ulia pōpilikia), AF - allocations familiales (ʻauhau e uku ʻia ai nā pōmaikaʻi ʻohana).
I ka huina, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ma kahi o 20-25%. He liʻiliʻi ia i kēlā me kēia mahina (ma ka liʻiliʻi ma EPFL). Ua ho'āʻo kekahi hoa Argentine e ʻike (he Argentine me nā aʻa Iudaio 😉) a helu i ke ʻano o kēia hana, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e kekahi koe wale nō ka poʻe e hana nei i ka ʻōnaehana helu EPFL. Eia naʻe, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ka helu ʻauhau loaʻa makahiki a me ka loiloi o ka pae holomua hiki ke loaʻa ma ka ʻāpana ʻelua .
Eia kekahi, mai poina e hoʻohui i ka ʻinikua o kāu koho, akā e hoʻohui nā uku koi ma kahi o 500-600 francs. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka "total" ʻauhau, me nā ʻinikua a me nā uku āpau, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 30%, a i kekahi manawa hiki i 40%, e like me ka laʻana, no nā haumāna puka. ʻO ka noho ʻana ma ka uku o ka postdoc, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka manuahi, ʻoiai ma nā ʻōlelo pākēneka, ʻoi aku ka uku o ka postdoc.
ʻO ka loaʻa kālā o ka haumāna PhD a me Post-Doc ma EPFL
Hale: hoolimalima a moraki
Hoʻokomo wau iā ia i kahi kumuhana ʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hoʻolimalima nui loa ma Switzerland ke hoʻolimalima hale. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hemahema o ka mākeke hale, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hale ponoʻī, no laila, ʻo ka nui āu e uku ai no ka hoʻolimalima he mea kilokilo wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, ke piʻi nei ke kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia mika square me ka piʻi ʻana o nā wahi hale.
No ka laʻana, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kahi studio o 30-35 m2 ma ke kikowaena o Lausanne ma 1100 a i ʻole 1300 francs, akā ʻo ka awelika waiwai ma kahi o 1000 francs. Ua ʻike au i kahi studio i loko o ka hale kaʻa, akā ua hoʻolako ʻia, i loko (ʻaʻole ka wahi kaulana loa, e nānā kākou) no 1100 francs. Me Zurich a i ʻole Geneva ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, no laila kakaikahi ka poʻe ma laila e hiki ke kūʻai aku i kahi keʻena a i ʻole kekona ma ke kikowaena.
ʻO kēia koʻu lumi lumi mua i koʻu neʻe mua ʻana i Switzerland
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ke keena hou ma Lausanne
ʻO kahi lumi lumi hoʻokahi (1.0 a i ʻole 1.5 lumi i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka lumi kuke mai ka lumi noho, a ʻo 0.5 ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lumi noho a i ʻole ka lumi noho) o kahi wahi like e kūʻai ʻia ma kahi o 1100-1200, ʻelua- lumi lumi (2.0 a i ʻole 2.5 lumi ma 40-50 m2) - 1400-1600, ʻekolu lumi a ma luna - ma ka awelika 2000-2500.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, pili nā mea a pau i ka wahi, nā mea pono, kokoke i ka lawe ʻana, inā he mīkini holoi (maʻa mau hoʻokahi mīkini no ka puka komo holoʻokoʻa, a ʻaʻole loaʻa i kekahi mau hale kahiko kēia!) . Ma kahi o waho, hiki i kahi hale ke kūʻai aku i 200-300 francs, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o kahi lumi lumi ʻelua ma Montreux
ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hale "communal", e like me kā mākou e kapa ai, he mea maʻamau ma Switzerland, i ka wā e hoʻolimalima ai hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau kānaka i kahi lumi lumi 4-5 no kahi 3000 francs maʻamau, a laila neʻe nā hoalauna 1-2 i kēia keʻena. hoʻokahi lumi - a common one hall Ka huina kālā: 200-300 francs i kēlā me kēia mahina. A ʻo ka mea maʻamau, loaʻa i nā hale nui kā lākou mīkini holoi.
ʻAe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kou home ponoʻī he loteri. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻōlelo uku uku, ʻae (ʻae e noho ma ka ʻāina) a me ka ʻimi ʻana (ʻaʻole i nā aie), pono ʻoe e koho ʻia e ka konohiki (maʻa mau ʻoihana), nona ka laina holoʻokoʻa o ka poʻe maʻi, me ka Swiss. . ʻIke au i ka poʻe, e like me ke ʻimi ʻana i kahi hana, kākau i nā leka hoʻoikaika no nā konohiki. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka koho o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi keʻena kaiāulu ma o nā hoaaloha a me nā hoaaloha.
ʻO ka pōkole e pili ana i ke kūʻai ʻana i hale. He mea maʻamau ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e moeʻuhane e kūʻai i kou home ponoʻī ma Switzerland a hiki i kou lilo ʻana i kumu aʻoaʻo piha, no ka mea hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ka waiwai waiwai i nā kālā astronomical. A, e like me ia, ka palapala mau loa C. ʻOiai hoʻoponopono: "L - ke kūʻai wale ʻana i ka home nui, kahi āu e noho maoli ai (ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa inoa a laila neʻe i waho - nānā lākou). B - hoʻokahi ʻāpana nui a hoʻokahi ʻāpana "dacha" (chalet ma nā kuahiwi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Me ke kamaʻāina - kūʻai me ka ʻole o ka palena. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi moraki ma kahi palapala B me ka pilikia ʻole inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hana paʻa maikaʻi."
Eia kekahi laʻana, he hale ma kahakai ma kahi kauhale waiwai e lilo i 1.5-2-3 miliona francs. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o ka hanohano a me ka hōʻike ʻana ma mua o ke kālā! Eia naʻe, he hale noho ma kekahi kauhale kokoke i Montreux e nānā ana i ke kai a he 100 mika mai ia wahi he 300 - 000 (hiki ke loaʻa kahi studio a hiki i 400). A hoʻi hou mākou i , kahi aʻu i ʻōlelo ai aia nā kauhale ma Switzerland i kahi koi, i ka manawa no ka 300-400-500k francs hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi hale holoʻokoʻa me kahi ʻāpana pili.
I ka manawa like, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ke kālā penikala e kūʻai i ka waiwai maoli, a ʻo kahi bonus "ʻoluʻolu" i kēia ka uku hōʻaiʻē moraki, hiki ke 500, 1000, a i ʻole 1500 francs i kēlā me kēia mahina, ʻo ia. hoohalike me ka hoolimalima. He mea maikaʻi i nā panakō ke loaʻa - i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo - kahi mea paʻa moraki, ʻoiai ke ulu wale nei ka waiwai ma Switzerland i ke kumukūʻai.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kahi hale noho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana Lūkini (ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i kahi hui mai ka Pūnaewele a i ʻole mai kahi kahua kūkulu e pili ana) ʻaʻole hiki ke hiki, no ka mea, ʻo ka poʻe i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā wale nō ke loaʻa i ka uila, ea, a me ka wela. ʻO ka mea nui loa, he poʻe ʻokoʻa kēia, a ʻo ka uku o ka hola no kēlā me kēia o lākou he 100-150 francs i kēlā me kēia hola. Eia kekahi, pono e kiʻi i nā ʻae a me nā ʻae mai nā luna hoʻomalu a me nā mana hoʻoponopono, no ka laʻana, e hoʻoponopono hou i kahi lumi ʻauʻau a i ʻole e hoʻololi i nā pihi. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki iā ʻoe ke uku i ka hapalua o ke kumukūʻai o ka home no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana.
No ka hoʻonanea ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nohona a lākou e noho nei, ua hoʻomākaukau wau i kahi wikiō pōkole me kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i ko lākou wahi i noho ai.
Mahele mua e pili ana iā Lausanne:
Mahele ʻelua e pili ana iā Montreux:
ʻAe, no ka pololei, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hāʻawi pinepine ʻia nā haumāna me nā dormitories ma ke kula kulanui. He haʻahaʻa ka uku hoʻolimalima; no kahi studio hiki iā ʻoe ke uku i 700-800 francs i kēlā me kēia mahina.
ʻAe, a ʻo ka hope, mai poina e hoʻohui i 50-100 francs i kēlā me kēia mahina no nā bila pono i ka nui o ka hoʻolimalima ponoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi ka uila (ma kahi o 50-70 i kēlā me kēia hapaha) a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana me ka wai wela (nā mea ʻē aʻe). ʻOiai ʻo ka wela a me ka wai wela, ʻo ia ka uila like a i ʻole ke kinoea i kekahi manawa, i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā paila i hoʻokomo ʻia i kēlā me kēia hale.
ʻOhana a me nā kindergarten
Eia hou, ʻaʻole mea maʻalahi ka ʻohana ma Switzerland, ʻoiai inā he mau keiki. Inā hana ʻelua, lawe ʻia ka ʻauhau mai ka huina kālā o ka ʻohana, i.e. ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke ola ma kahi lumi lumi ʻelua, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama iki i ka meaʻai a me ka leʻaleʻa, akā ʻo ka mea holoʻokoʻa e lilo ia i bash no bash.
Hoʻololi nui nā mea a pau ke ʻike ʻia nā keiki i loko o ka ʻohana, ʻoiai ʻo ka kindergarten ma Switzerland he leʻaleʻa nui loa. I ka manawa like, i mea e komo ai i loko (ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā kindergartens mokuʻāina ʻoi aku a liʻiliʻi paha), pono ʻoe e kākau inoa kokoke i nā pule mua o ka hāpai ʻana. A me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hala ʻana o ka maternity ma ʻaneʻi he ʻeono mahina : maʻamau i hoʻokahi mahina (4 pule) ma mua a me 2.5 mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a laila lilo ke kula kindergarten i mea koʻikoʻi inā makemake nā mākua ʻelua e hoʻomau i kā lāua ʻoihana.
No ka pololei, pono e ʻike ʻia ʻaneʻi nā ʻoihana āpau e hāʻawi i nā pōmaikaʻi, uku hoʻokahi manawa, hana hapa manawa (80% o 42 mau hola o ka pule, no ka laʻana) a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe e kākoʻo i nā mākua hou. ʻO nā haʻawina SNSF e hāʻawi i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻohana a me ka haʻawina keiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi uku liʻiliʻi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻohana a me nā keiki, a me kahi papahana 120%, ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo 42 mau hola no kahi makua hana he 120% o ka manawa hana. He mea maʻalahi loa ka hoʻolilo ʻana i hoʻokahi lā hou o ka pule me kāu keiki.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, e like me kaʻu ʻike, e uku i nā mākua 1500-1800 francs i kēlā me kēia mahina no ke keiki. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku paha, e ʻai nā keiki, e hiamoe a pāʻani i loko o ka lumi hoʻokahi, e hoʻololi i ka puni, no laila e ʻōlelo. A ʻae, wehe ʻia ke kula kindergarten ma Switzerland a hiki i nā lā 4, ʻo ia hoʻi. e hana hapa manawa kekahi o na makua.
Ma keʻano laulā,ʻo ka paepae hoʻomaha he ~ 2-2.5 keiki,ʻo ia hoʻi. inā he 3 a ʻoi aʻe paha nā keiki i loko o ka ʻohana, a laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka noho ʻana o ka makua hoʻokahi ma ka home ma mua o ka hana a uku no ke kula kindergarten a/a i ʻole kahu hānai. ʻO kahi bonus maikaʻi no nā mākua: ua unuhi ʻia nā kumukūʻai kindergarten mai nā ʻauhau, e hāʻawi nui ana i ka waihona kālā. Eia hou, uku ka moku'āina i 200-300 francs i kēlā me kēia mahina no kēlā me kēia keiki (e pili ana i ka canton), mai 3 a 18 mau makahiki. Pili pū kēia i nā malihini e hōʻea ana me nā keiki.
A ʻoiai he nui nā mea maikaʻi o Switzerland no nā ʻohana me nā keiki, e like me nā pōmaikaʻi, nā ʻauhau ʻauhau, nā ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao manuahi ʻole, nā haʻawina (no ka ʻinikua olakino a i ʻole nā ʻeke ʻōpala mai ke kaiāulu), ʻo ka mea hope. e olelo ana nona iho.
Meticulous summing up
Me he mea lā ua hoʻokaʻawale mākou i ke koena o ka loaʻa a me nā lilo, ʻo ia ka manawa no kekahi mau helu e pili ana i nā hopena o kahi kokoke i 6 mau makahiki o ka noho ʻana ma Switzerland.
I ka wā o ke kula puka, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu ka pahuhopu o ka noho ʻana e like me ka hiki ke mālama i kaʻu momona kālā ma kahi hohonu o nā panakō Swiss. Eia naʻe, manaʻo wau e hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka meaʻai e ka hapakolu a i ʻole ka hapahā.
Hoʻolālā kumu kūʻai haumāna puka puka ma EPFL
Hoʻolālā kumukūʻai post-doc ma EPFL
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2017, ma hope o ka pale ʻana i kaʻu dissertation, ua koi ʻia au e neʻe i kahi noi ʻē aʻe no ka helu ʻana i nā koina, a no laila ua loli iki nā ʻāpana, akā ma nā kiʻi ua like ke kala. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka noho ʻana, nā lilo hale a me nā kamaʻilio i hoʻokahi "Bila" (a i ʻole nā moʻokāki).
E pili ana i ka pūnaewele puni honua a me ke kaʻaUa hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka ʻāpana Bills i nā bila no ka Pūnaewele kelepona, kahi i hoʻomaka ai e lele ma ke alanui wale nō (ka uku me ka uku uku mua). Hoʻohana maʻamau wau i kēia Pūnaewele no ka hana ʻoiai e holo ana ma nā kaʻaahi paʻa loa ma Switzerland. I kekahi manawa o ka manawa: nā ʻikepili no nā pūʻolo kaʻa ma ka papa: 01 - 1x, 02 - 2.5x, 03-3x, 04 - 2x, 05 -2x, kahi x = 14.95 CHF no 1 Gb o ke kaʻa. Ua ʻike au i kēia ma kahi o Malaki-ʻApelila a hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki i koʻu makemake.
Ke hoʻi nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻinikua, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maopopo inā hoʻohana kahi haumāna puka ma kahi o 4-5% o kāna loaʻa kālā ma ka ʻinikua olakino, a laila hoʻolilo ka postdoc i 6%, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna uku.
Eia kekahi, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā (haumāna puka -> postdoc), ʻo ka pākēneka o nā ʻāpana ʻelua o nā koina i hoʻomau ʻia - ~ 36% a me 20%, kēlā me kēia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pili i ka nui o kāu loaʻa, e hoʻolilo mau ʻoe ia mea a pau!
ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa he hōʻailona ia o nā kumukūʻai o nā kaʻa a me nā mokulele, no ka mea, no 4 mau makahiki i uku ʻia ai ʻo EPFL no ke kau inoa ma Switzerland, kahi i kākau ai ma .
ʻO kekahi mau mea leʻaleʻa:
- Ua kūʻai au i kaʻu kamepiula nui, a me ka pona, hoʻi i ka makahiki 2013, akā naʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako i nā makahiki 2 o kaʻu postdoc i ka pakeneka, a no laila ma nā ʻōlelo maoli. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi monitor 4K a me ke kāleka wikiō i loaʻa ka hopena, a inā ma mua hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻuluʻulu i kahi kamepiula maʻamau no ~ 1000 francs a ua manaʻo ʻia he kumukūʻai iki, i kēia lā hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā lako kiʻekiʻe i 2000, 3000, a i ʻole 5 tausani. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hana ʻo Aliexpress i kāna hana: nui nā mea kūʻai liʻiliʻi - a voila, ʻaʻohe o kāu ʻeke!
- ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoʻolilo ʻana ma ke kūʻai ʻana ('aka lole). I koʻu manaʻo, no ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai, e like me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana ('āpana, volumes, etc.). Inā ma mua hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai aku i nā kāmaʻa a ʻaʻahu iā lākou no 2-3, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i 4 mau makahiki, i kēia manawa ua lilo nā mea āpau i mea maʻalahi (ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona hou nā kāmaʻa mai kahi hui Kelemania kaulana i "hāʻule" i ʻelua (sic!) mahina).
- Ua emi nā makana i ka hapalua, i.e. ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaneʻane like nā lilo ma ke ʻano maoli - ʻaneʻane mau ka helu o nā hoaaloha/nā hanana i hele.
Pau kēlā i ka poʻe! Manaʻo wau e pane kaʻu mau ʻatikala i ka hapa liona o nā nīnau e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka noho ʻana ma Switzerland. E hōʻike a kamaʻilio wau e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻano a me nā manawa ma .
Lawe ʻia ʻo KDPV
PS: No ka mea ʻo kēia ka ʻatikala hope loa o kēia pūʻulu, makemake wau e waiho ma ʻaneʻi i ʻelua ʻike e pili ana iā Switzerland i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia i nā ʻatikala mua:
- Ma Switzerland, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi maʻalahi i nā kālā a hiki i ka makahiki 1968, i ka wā i hana ʻia ai ka hoʻoponopono kālā, a ua hoʻololi ʻia nā francs kālā kahiko me nā ʻāpana nickel maʻamau.
- ʻO nā poʻe aloha o nā hoʻopukapuka apocalyptic e kūʻai i ke gula kino makemake i nā kālā Swiss gula kūikawā - pili lākou me ka hilinaʻi.
PPS: No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea, nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi a me nā kūkākūkā, mahalo nui wau a mahalo nui i koʻu mau hoaaloha a me nā hoa hana ʻo Anna, Albert (), Anton (), Stas, Roma, Iulia, Grisha.
He minuke hoʻolaha. E pili ana i nā ʻano hana hou loa, makemake wau e haʻi aku e wehe ana ʻo Moscow State University i kahi kula paʻa i kēia makahiki (a ua aʻo ʻo ia no 2 mau makahiki i kēia manawa!) ʻO kahi kulanui hui me Beijing Polytechnic University ma Shenzhen. Loaʻa ka manawa e aʻo ai i ka Haina, a loaʻa pū i nā diploma 2 i ka manawa hoʻokahi (ua loaʻa nā loea IT mai ka Moscow State University Computer Science Complex). Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ke kulanui, nā kuhikuhi a me nā manawa kūpono no nā haumāna .
Mai poina e kau inoa : ʻAʻole paʻakikī iā ʻoe - ʻoliʻoli wau!
A ʻae, e ʻoluʻolu e kākau mai iaʻu e pili ana i nā hemahema i ʻike ʻia ma ka kikokikona.
Source: www.habr.com