🥇 3. Enterprise Network Tsim ntawm Extreme Switches

3. Enterprise network tsim ntawm Extreme keyboards

Nyob zoo cov phooj ywg! Hnub no kuv yuav mus txuas ntxiv rau series rau Hloov siab heev tsab xov xwm ntawm Enterprise network tsim.

Hauv tsab xov xwm no kuv yuav sim ua kom luv li sai tau:

piav qhia txog txoj hauv kev modular los tsim Etnterprise network
xav txog hom kev tsim kho ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws modules ntawm lub lag luam network - cov tub ntxhais network (ip-campus)
piav qhia txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kev xaiv rau kev khaws cia lub network nodes tseem ceeb
siv tus qauv paub daws teeb los tsim / hloov kho lub network Enterprise me me
xaiv Extreme keyboards los siv lub network tsim
ua haujlwm nrog fibers thiab IP chaw nyob

Kab lus no yuav muaj kev txaus siab ntau dua rau cov engineers network thiab cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam uas nyuam qhuav pib lawv txoj kev ua "networker" dua li cov kws tshaj lij engineers uas tau ua haujlwm ntau xyoo hauv cov tswv lag luam hauv xov tooj lossis hauv cov tuam txhab loj nrog thaj chaw sib faib.

Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov neeg nyiam, thov xa mus rau miv.

Modular network tsim txoj hauv kev

Kuv mam li pib kuv tsab xov xwm nrog rau qhov nrov modular mus kom ze rau kev tsim network, uas tso cai rau koj los sib sau ua ke ib qho kev sib dhos los ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub network rau hauv ib daim duab.

Ua ntej, me ntsis abstraction - Kuv feem ntau xav txog txoj hauv kev no raws li zoom ntawm geo-maps, thaum lub teb chaws pom nyob rau hauv thawj approximation, cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, lub zos nyob rau hauv lub thib peb, thiab lwm yam.

Ua piv txwv, xav txog qhov piv txwv no:

1st approximation - tag nrho cov lag luam network yog cov txheej txheem sib txawv:
- qaum teb los yog tsev kawm ntawv
- ciam teb theem
- telecom tus neeg ua haujlwm theem
- thaj chaw deb
2nd approximation - txhua qib no tau piav qhia rau hauv cov modules cais
- Lub hauv paus network lossis lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj xws li:
  - 3- lossis 2-theem module piav qhia txog kev lag luam network thiab nws qib - nkag, faib thiab / lossis cov tub ntxhais
  - module piav qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv chaw - cov ntaub ntawv ua chaw ua haujlwm (qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov ntawm cov txheej txheem)
- tus ciam teb theem nyob rau hauv lem muaj:
  - Internet kev twb kev txuas module
  - WAN thiab MAN module, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas ntawm thaj chaw faib khoom lag luam
  - module rau tsim VPN tunnels thiab chaw taws teeb-Access nkag
  - Feem ntau, ntau lub lag luam me muaj ob peb ntawm cov qauv no, lossis txawm tias tag nrho lawv, ua ke hauv ib qho
- qib kws kho mob:
  - Cov theem no suav nrog kev sib txuas "rau lub ntiaj teb sab nraud" - cov fibers tsaus nti (qis fibers los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm), kev sib txuas lus (Ethernet, G.703, thiab lwm yam), kev siv Internet.
- tej thaj chaw deb theem:
  - rau feem ntau, cov no yog cov ceg ntawm kev lag luam uas tau muab faib rau hauv ib lub nroog, cheeb tsam, lub teb chaws lossis txawm tias cov teb chaws.
  - cheeb tsam no kuj tseem muaj xws li ib tug backup cov ntaub ntawv chaw, uas duplicates cov hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab
  - thiab tau kawg, tsis ntev los no tau txais koob meej - teleworkers (cov haujlwm nyob deb)
3rd approximation - txhua lub modules muab faib ua me modules los yog theem. Piv txwv li, ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv network:
- Lub 3-tier network tau muab faib ua:
  - qib nkag
  - theem kev faib tawm
  - qib kernel
- Hauv ntau qhov teeb meem nyuaj, lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
  - 2 lossis 3 theem network ib feem
  - server part
Kuv yuav sim ua kom pom tag nrho cov saum toj no hauv daim duab yooj yim hauv qab no:

Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab saum toj no, txoj hauv kev modular pab kom nthuav dav thiab tsim cov duab tag nrho rau hauv cov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog yav tom ntej.
Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no, kuv yuav tsom mus rau Campus Enterprise theem thiab piav qhia ntau ntxiv.
Hom IP-CAMPUS networks
Thaum kuv ua hauj lwm rau ib tug neeg muab kev pab, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab thaum ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug integrator, kuv tau ntsib nrog qhov sib txawv "maturity" ntawm cov neeg siv khoom network. Kuv tsis siv lub sij hawm kom loj hlob tsis muaj dab tsi, txij li feem ntau muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov qauv network loj hlob nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub tuam txhab nws tus kheej, thiab qhov no yog, hauv paus ntsiab lus, ntuj.
Hauv ib lub tuam txhab me me nyob hauv ib lub tsev, lub lag luam network yuav muaj tsuas yog 1 ntug router ua lub firewall, ob peb nkag mus thiab ob peb servers.
Kuv hu rau lub network xws li "txheej txheej" network - tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv network, cov txheej txheem xa tawm tau hloov mus rau ntug router (nrog firewall, VPN thiab tejzaum nws tso npe ua haujlwm), thiab nkag mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv computer thiab servers.

Thaum lub lag luam loj hlob - nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov kev pabcuam, thiab cov servers - feem ntau yuav tsum tau:
- nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov keyboards hauv lub network thiab nkag mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj
- nce server peev
- sib ntaus sib tua tshaj tawm cov thawj - siv network segmentation thiab routing ntawm ntu
- cuam tshuam nrog lub network tsis ua haujlwm uas ua rau muaj kev poob haujlwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, vim qhov no suav nrog cov nqi nyiaj txiag ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm (tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm, cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm, tab sis tsis ua haujlwm)
- Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam nrog tsis ua hauj lwm, xav txog redundancy ntawm tseem ceeb network nodes - routers, keyboards, servers thiab cov kev pab cuam
- nruj txoj cai tswjfwm, raws li kev lag luam txaus ntshai yuav tshwm sim thiab, dua, rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov dua
Tag nrho cov no ua rau lub fact tias tus engineer (network administrator) sai sai los yog tom qab xav txog qhov tseeb kev tsim kho ntawm lub network thiab tuaj mus rau ib tug 2-theem qauv.
Cov qauv no twb paub meej qhov txawv ntawm 2 qib - qib nkag thiab theem faib, uas tseem yog qib tseem ceeb (collapsed-core).
Kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov kernel txheej ua haujlwm hauv qab no:
- aggregates txuas los ntawm kev nkag mus hloov pauv
- qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm ntu ntu - muaj ntau tus neeg siv thiab cov khoom siv uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem haum rau hauv ib qho / 24 network, thiab yog tias lawv ua tau zoo, kev tshaj tawm cua daj cua dub ua rau tsis tu ncua (tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg siv pab lawv los ntawm kev tsim cov voj voog)
- muab kev sib txuas lus ntawm qhov chaw hloov chaw nyob ib sab (ntawm qhov txuas nrawm dua)
- muab kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg siv thiab lawv cov cuab yeej thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov ua liaj ua teb, uas los ntawm lub sij hawm no kuj pib muab cais mus rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias lub network - cov ntaub ntawv chaw.
- pib muab, ua ke nrog kev nkag mus, mus rau ib qib lossis lwm qhov, txoj cai ruaj ntseg uas lub tuam txhab pib muaj los ntawm lub sijhawm no. Lub tuam txhab tab tom loj hlob, thiab kev pheej hmoo kev lag luam kuj tseem loj hlob (ntawm no kuv txhais tau tias tsis yog cov kev cai ntawm kev lag luam zais cia, kev sib txawv ntawm cov cai nkag, thiab lwm yam, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev poob qis ntawm lub network thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm).
Yog li, lub network sai lossis tom qab loj hlob mus rau 2-theem qauv:

Cov qauv no qhia txog cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ob qho tib si rau kev nkag mus rau qib hloov, uas sib txuas cov kev sib txuas los ntawm cov neeg siv thiab cov khoom siv hauv network (cov tshuab luam ntawv, cov ntsiab lus nkag, VoIP li, IP xov tooj, IP koob yees duab, thiab lwm yam) thiab rau kev faib qib hloov pauv thiab kernels.
Cov keyboards nkag mus yuav tsum ntse dua thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev ua haujlwm hauv network, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab kev hloov pauv thiab yuav tsum:
- muaj ntau hom kev nkag mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj thiab lub cev cov chaw nres nkoj - nyiam dua nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev cia siab rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj.
- muaj peev xwm hloov tau txaus thiab dhau mus
- muaj qhov tsim nyog kev ruaj ntseg functionality uas yuav txaus siab rau txoj cai ruaj ntseg tam sim no (thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev loj hlob ntawm nws cov kev xav tau ntxiv)
- muaj peev xwm ua kom lub zog nyuaj-rau-mus txog network nrog lub peev xwm los rov pib dua lawv siv lub zog (PoE, PoE +)
- tuaj yeem khaws koj tus kheej lub zog siv rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws xav tau
- muaj (yog tias ua tau) muaj peev xwm ntxiv rau kev loj hlob hauv kev ua haujlwm - ib qho piv txwv tsis tu ncua thaum qhov kev nkag mus rau qhov kawg hloov mus rau qhov hloov pauv
Distribution switches, nyob rau hauv lem, kuj yuav tsum tau raws li nram no:
- ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub cev downlink cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov keyboards, thiab rau cov phooj ywg interfaces ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze (thiab yav tom ntej, muaj peev xwm uplink interfaces ntawm lub kernel)
- nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm L2 thiab L3 functionality
- nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg functionality
- nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kom ntseeg tau qhov txhaum kam rau ua (redundancy, clustering thiab hwj chim redundancy)
- nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muab kev yooj yim thaum ntsuas kev khiav tsheb
- muaj (yog tias ua tau) muaj peev xwm ntxiv rau kev loj hlob hauv kev ua haujlwm (kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm dhau sijhawm)
- Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav tsim nyog siv PoE, PoE + chaw nres nkoj ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Tsis tas li ntawd - ntxiv: yog tias kev tswj hwm ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, lub network tseem yuav txhim kho yav tom ntej - lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem pib xauj tsev nyob sib ze, tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev lossis nqus cov neeg sib tw me me, yog li nce ntxiv. tus naj npawb ntawm cov haujlwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub network tseem tab tom loj hlob, uas yuav tsum muaj:
- muab cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov chaw ua haujlwm - xav tau kev hloov pauv tshiab nrog cov chaw nres nkoj nkag
- Muaj cov hloov pauv tshiab rau kev sib txuas sib txuas los ntawm kev nkag mus
- kev tsim kho tshiab, nrog rau kev kho tshiab ntawm cov kab sib txuas lus uas twb muaj lawm
Yog li ntawd, kev khiav tsheb nce ntxiv rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- vim muaj kev nce hauv kev nkag mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj thiab, raws li, cov neeg siv network
- vim muaj kev nce hauv kev khiav tsheb los ntawm cov subsystems uas nyob ib sab uas xaiv cov lag luam network xws li kev thauj mus los - xov tooj, kev ruaj ntseg, engineering systems, thiab lwm yam.
- vim muaj kev qhia txog kev pabcuam ntxiv - nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov chaw haujlwm tshiab tshwm sim uas xav tau qee yam software
- cov ntaub ntawv chaw suav lub zog tau nce ntxiv kom ua tau raws li kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab kev thov
- kev ruaj ntseg cov cai rau lub network thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog loj hlob - lub nto moo CIA triad (tso dag), tab sis tiag tiag, CIA - Tsis pub twg paub, kev ncaj ncees thiab muaj:
  - Hauv qhov no, cov kev xav tau ntxiv rau kev ua txhaum cai thiab kev rov ua dua tshiab tshwm sim rau theem tseem ceeb ntawm lub network - faib thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv.
  - ib zaug ntxiv, muaj kev nce tsheb khiav vim yog kev qhia txog kev ruaj ntseg tshiab - piv txwv li, RKVI, thiab lwm yam.
Tsis ntev los sis tom qab, kev loj hlob ntawm kev khiav tsheb, cov kev pabcuam thiab cov neeg siv ntau yuav ua rau qhov xav tau los qhia txog cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv - lub hauv paus, uas yuav ua kom muaj kev sib hloov ceev ceev / kev sib txuas ntawm cov pob ntawv siv cov kev sib txuas ceev ceev.
Ntawm no, lub lag luam tuaj yeem txav mus rau 3-theem network qauv:

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab saum toj no, nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub network muaj ib theem tseem ceeb, uas sib sau ua ke cov kev sib txuas ceev ceev los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog li, cov kernel keyboards kuj ntsib qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau:
- Interface bandwidth - 1GE, 2.5GE, 10GE, 40GE, 100GE
- hloov kev ua tau zoo (hloov muaj peev xwm thiab xa mus ua haujlwm)
- interface hom - 1000BASE-T, SFP, SFP +, QSFP, QSFP +
- tus naj npawb thiab txheej ntawm interfaces
- redundancy peev xwm (stacking, clustering, redundancy ntawm tswj boards (tseem ceeb rau modular keyboards), hwj chim redundancy, thiab lwm yam)
- kev ua haujlwm
Nyob rau theem no ntawm lub network, ib qho kev hloov kho yog xav tau:
- redundancy ntawm kernel nodes thiab txuas (zoo heev, heev, xav tau heev)
- redundancy ntawm faib theem nodes thiab txuas (nyob ntawm qhov kev thuam)
- redundancy ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kev nkag mus thiab theem kev faib khoom (yog tias tsim nyog)
- qhia txog dynamic routing raws tu qauv
- kev sib npaug ntawm ob qho tib si hauv qhov tseem ceeb thiab ntawm qhov kev faib tawm thiab nkag mus (yog tias tsim nyog)
- kev siv cov kev pabcuam ntxiv - ob qho tib si thauj thiab kev pabcuam kev nyab xeeb (yog tias tsim nyog)
thiab kev cai lij choj, txhais cov cai tswj kev ruaj ntseg network ntawm lub tuam txhab, uas ua kom tiav cov kev ruaj ntseg txoj cai nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm:
- cov kev xav tau rau kev siv thiab teeb tsa ntawm qee yam kev ruaj ntseg ua haujlwm ntawm kev nkag mus thiab faib cov hloov pauv
- Cov kev cai rau kev nkag mus, saib xyuas thiab tswj cov khoom siv hauv network (cov chaw taws teeb tswj kev tswj hwm, ntu ntu tso cai rau kev tswj hwm, kev teeb tsa kev nkag, thiab lwm yam)
- yuav tsum reservation
- cov kev xav tau rau kev tsim cov khoom siv yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau muaj
Hauv seem no, kuv tau piav qhia luv luv txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub network thiab kev lag luam los ntawm ob peb lub keyboards thiab ob peb lub kaum os cov neeg ua haujlwm mus rau ntau lub kaum os (thiab tej zaum ntau pua lub keyboards) thiab ntau pua (lossis ntau txhiab) ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ncaj qha. hauv kev lag luam network (thiab tom qab tag nrho Tseem muaj cov tuam tsev tsim khoom thiab engineering networks).
Nws yog tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag xws li "mirculous" thiab kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub enterprise tsis tshwm sim.
Nws feem ntau yuav siv xyoo rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam kom loj hlob los ntawm nws thawj theem 1 mus rau qib 3 uas kuv tau piav qhia.
Vim li cas kuv thiaj sau tag nrho cov truisms no? Tom qab ntawd, kuv xav hais txog ntawm no xws li ib lo lus xws li ROI - rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev (rov qab / rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev) thiab xav txog sab ntawm nws uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv network.
Thaum xaiv cov cuab yeej siv, network engineers thiab lawv cov thawj tswj feem ntau xaiv cov cuab yeej raws li 2 yam - tus nqi tam sim no ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thiab kev ua haujlwm yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas tam sim no xav tau los daws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb lossis cov haujlwm (Kuv mam li tham txog kev yuav khoom siv rau kev rov ua dua tom qab. ).
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov muaj peev xwm ntxiv "kev loj hlob" ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tsis tshua pom. Yog tias muaj qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim thaum cov khoom siv tau tag nrho nws tus kheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd cov khoom muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua yav tom ntej, thiab cov qub raug xa mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom lossis qhov chaw ntawm lub network ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "rau sawv ntsug” (qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, kuj ua rau pom lub vaj tsiaj loj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab yuav ib pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm uas ua haujlwm nrog nws).
Yog li, es tsis txhob yuav ib feem ntawm cov ntawv tso cai ntxiv. kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua tau zoo, uas pheej yig dua li cov khoom siv tshiab, kev ua haujlwm siab dua, koj yuav tsum yuav cov khoom siv tshiab thiab them nyiaj ntau dua rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- lub network feem ntau loj hlob qeeb thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov hauv koj lub network yuav txaus rau lub sijhawm ntev.
- Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias cov khoom siv los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom txawv teb chaws raug khi rau cov txiaj ntsig txawv teb chaws (duas lossis euro). Yuav kom ncaj ncees, kev loj hlob ntawm cov nyiaj los yog euro (los yog lub sij hawm mini-devaluation ntawm ruble, nyob ntawm seb koj saib nws li cas) ua rau lub fact tias cov nyiaj 10 xyoo dhau los thiab duas tam sim no yog tag nrho cov sib txawv ntawm lub point of view ntawm ruble
Raws li tag nrho cov saum toj no, kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias kev yuav khoom siv network nrog kev ua haujlwm dav dua tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau kev txuag nyiaj yav tom ntej.
Ntawm no kuv txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nqis peev hauv kuv lub network thiab infrastructure.
Yog li, ntau tus neeg muag khoom (tsis yog Extreme nkaus xwb) ua raws li txoj cai them nyiaj raws li koj-loj hlob, ntim ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm rau hauv cov khoom siv thiab cov hauv kev los ua kom cov kev sib txuas ua tau zoo, uas tom qab ntawd tau qhib los ntawm kev yuav cov ntawv tso cai cais. Lawv kuj muab cov kev hloov pauv hloov nrog ntau yam ntawm cov interface thiab cov ntawv teev lus, thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv ntawm lawv cov lej thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Redundancy ntawm cov nodes tseem ceeb
Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tsab xov xwm no, kuv xav luv luv piav qhia txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm redundancy ntawm xws li ib tug tseem ceeb network nodes raws li core, cov ntaub ntawv chaw, los yog tis switches. Thiab kuv xav pib los ntawm kev saib ntau hom kev tshwj tseg - stacking thiab clustering.
Txhua txoj kev muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, uas kuv xav tham txog.
Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia dav dav piv rau 2 txoj hauv kev:
- tswj - raws li tau pom los ntawm lub rooj, nyob rau hauv no hais txog, stacking muaj ib tug zoo dua, txij li thaum los ntawm ib tug kev tswj taw tes ntawm view, ib pawg ntawm ob peb keyboards tshwm raws li ib tug hloov nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ports. Hloov chaw ntawm kev tswj hwm, hais, 8 qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv nrog kev sib koom ua ke, koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm ib qho nrog stacking.
- deb - tam sim no, nruj me ntsis hais lus, qhov kom zoo dua ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tsis yog qhov pom tseeb, txij li cov thev naus laus zis rau stacking keyboards los ntawm stacking ports lossis dual-purpose ports tau tshwm sim (piv txwv li, SummitStack-V rau Extreme, VSS rau Cisco, thiab lwm yam), uas kuj nyob ntawm seb hom transceivers. Ntawm no, qhov zoo dua yog muab rau pawg raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas thaum stacking, muaj cov kev xaiv uas koj yuav tsum siv cov chaw nres nkoj tsis tu ncua, uas feem ntau txuas nrog cov cables tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov ntev txwv - 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3 lossis 5 meters.
- Hloov tshiab Software - ntawm no peb pom tias kev sib koom ua ke muaj qhov zoo dua ntawm stacking thiab lub ntsiab lus yog cov hauv qab no - thaum hloov kho software version ntawm cov khoom siv thaum lub sij hawm stacking, koj hloov kho software ntawm tus tswv hloov, uas tom qab ntawd siv lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tso software tshiab rau ntawm qhov chaw. standby-tus tswv cuab keyboards ntawm pawg. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no ua rau koj txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua, tab sis kev hloov kho software feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho vajtse reboot ntawm cov cuab yeej, uas ua rau rov pib dua ntawm tag nrho pawg thiab yog li cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm thiab tag nrho cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam nrog rau ib lub sijhawm. of time = lub sij hawm reboot. Qhov no feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov tub ntxhais thiab cov ntaub ntawv chaw. Nrog kev sib koom ua ke, koj muaj 2 cov khoom siv ywj pheej ntawm ib leeg, uas koj tuaj yeem hloov kho cov software ua ntu zus ib tom qab. Hauv qhov no, kev cuam tshuam hauv kev pabcuam tuaj yeem zam tau.
- chaw configuration - ntawm no, tau kawg, stacking muaj qhov zoo dua, txij li thaum muaj kev tswj hwm, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum hloov kho cov chaw rau ib lub cuab yeej thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Nrog kev sib koom ua ke, tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa yuav sib npaug rau cov lej ntawm pawg nodes.
- txhaum cai - ntawm no ob lub thev naus laus zis yog kwv yees sib npaug, tab sis kev sib koom ua ke tseem muaj qhov zoo dua me ntsis. Yog vim li cas ntawm no nyob rau hauv cov hauv qab no - yog tias peb xav txog cov pawg los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov txheej txheem khiav thiab cov txheej txheem, peb yuav pom cov hauv qab no:
  - muaj tus tswv-hloov uas txhua tus txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem khiav haujlwm (piv txwv li, dynamic routing raws tu qauv - OSPF)
  - muaj lwm tus qhev-hloov keyboards khiav cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas tsim nyog los ua haujlwm hauv pawg thiab pabcuam kev khiav tsheb hla lawv.
  - Thaum tus tswv-hloov ua tsis tiav, qhov tseem ceeb tom ntej qhev-switch pom tus tswv tsis ua haujlwm
  - nws pib nws tus kheej ua tus tswv thiab pib tag nrho cov txheej txheem uas tau khiav ntawm tus tswv (xws li OSPF raws tu qauv peb pom)
  - Tom qab qee lub sijhawm rau cov txheej txheem pib (feem ntau luv luv), OSPF raws tu qauv nws tus kheej pib ua haujlwm
  - Yog li, yog tias ib qho ntawm cov nodes tsis ua haujlwm, OSPF yuav ua haujlwm sai dua thaum lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke (rau lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau pib thiab pib cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm tus qhev hloov ntawm pawg). Txawm hais tias kuv yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias niaj hnub stacking raws tu qauv thiab keyboards ua hauj lwm sai heev, feem ntau lub sij hawm ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov tsheb khiav thaum hloov ib pawg yuav siv sij hawm tsawg tshaj li ib ob, tab sis tseem nominally clustering yeej nyob rau hauv no parameter.
- tsis yooj yim - raws li tau pom los ntawm lub rooj, stacking yeej nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm complexity. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ncaj qha ntawm "tswj" thiab "kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa" cov khoom. Ib lub node siv sijhawm tsawg dua los teeb tsa thiab tswj. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum sib koom ua ke, feem ntau koj yuav tsum teeb tsa cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv lossis cov rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb - VRRP, HSRP thiab lwm yam.
- hloov cov units - stacking muaj qhov zoo dua ntawm no. Feem ntau, txhawm rau hloov qhov hloov pauv hauv pawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom tiav qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tsim nyog kho vajtse, piv txwv li:
  - hloov kho cov software ntawm tus tshiab hloov mus rau pawg software version (thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav tam sim ntawd thaum cov keyboards tuaj txog hauv pob khoom seem)
  - configure ob peb cov lus txib yooj yim rau stacking (thiab rau qee hom keyboards txawm tias qhov no yuav tsis xav tau)
  - tshem tawm qhov ua tsis tau tejyam hloov pauv thiab txuas ib qho tshiab
  - txuas fais fab mov thiab thaj cords
- elasticity - Kuv txiav txim siab rau kuv tus kheej yog ib qho ntawm cov tsis tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, elasticity yog ib tug complex yam ntxwv, uas txhais tau hais tias cov cuab yeej ntawm ib yam dab tsi hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug load thiab rov qab mus rau nws thawj daim ntawv tom qab nws ploj. Oddly txaus, rau pawg nws yuav siab dua txawm noj mus rau hauv tus account 4: 3 tus qhab nia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv txaus siab ntawm stacking. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog tib neeg yam. Yog, yog, tsis txhob xav tsis thoob - lub zog ntawm xws li stacking tsis raws li kev sib koom ua ke tswj, configuration ntawm tej chaw thiab lub teeb complexity kuj nyob rau hauv lub tsis muaj zog ntawm stacking thaum tib neeg qhov tseem ceeb los rau hauv kev ua si.
Hauv kuv txoj haujlwm hauv IT, kuv tau ntsib ntau qhov xwm txheej (thiab, qhov tseeb, kuv tau ua qhov yuam kev tib yam kuv tus kheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov) qhov twg, thaum teeb tsa lub stack, tus engineer yuav ua yuam kev nkag mus rau cov lus txib lossis qhib / kaw ib qho feature ntawm cov khoom siv, ua rau tag nrho lub stack crashing thiab xav tau kev rov pib dua. Nws tsim nyog hais txog cov kiv cua ntawm Putty app rau Windows (oh, qhov kev theej no yog nias rau sab xis).
Qhov tseeb, ob qho tib si thev naus laus zis yog qhov zoo heev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog piv rau tsis muaj redundancy) thiab txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej lub zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog, tab sis rau qib tseem ceeb thiab rau qhov chaw siab-load cov ntaub ntawv, kuv tseem xav siv pawg.
Txawm tias qhov no yog kuv lub tswv yim xwb. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij engineers uas tau koom nrog hauv kev txhawb nqa network rau ntau xyoo ntawm qib kev tshaj lij tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si thev naus laus zis - txhua yam nyob ntawm kev paub dhau los thiab kev tsim nyog.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov thev naus laus zis rau stacking thiab reserving network nodes, kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab cai dav dav rau kev khaws cia qhov chaw ntawm lub network node nws tus kheej thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov nodes:
Los ntawm kev tshwj tseg hauv lub network node kuv txhais tau tias:
- redundancy ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab - txhim kho 2 cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas sib npaug sib npaug (thiab nyiam dua txuas rau 1st fais fab mov qeb) tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub neej yooj yim dua.
- redundancy ntawm tswj boards - mus rau ib tug ntau npaum li cas siv rau modular keyboards, uas muab rau kev sib txuas ntawm ob peb tswj boards uas duplicate ib leeg.
- redundancy ntawm daim npav interface - kuj siv feem ntau rau cov keyboards modular.
Kev tshwj tseg ntawm kev sib txuas / kev sib txuas hauv paus txhais tau hais tias muaj cov kab sib tshooj (lossis xov tooj cua txuas hauv qhov chaw qhib) nrog:
- kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab sib txawv thiab cov kab hauv lub tsev
- geographical faib nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm theem ntawm 2 los yog ntau tshaj lub tsev, nroog, cheeb tsam los yog lub teb chaws (hu ua volumetric rings)
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum tsim kev sib txuas lus sib txuas, nws yuav tsum ua raws li ntau cov lus pom zoo rau cov khoom siv:
- nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm duplicate ntawm interface phaib ntawm ib tug modular hloov, los yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib pawg, nws yog tsim nyog los faib cov kev sib txuas ntawm units - interface cards nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm modular keyboards thiab keyboards nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib pawg.
- Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kev sib txuas lus sib sau ua ke (LACP, MLT, PAgP, thiab lwm yam) los ua ke cov kev sib txuas rau hauv pab pawg thiab sib npaug ntawm cov load ntawm lawv.
- siv cov routers uas txhawb nqa ECMP (Equal-Cost-Multi-Path) raws tu qauv - thaum, thaum ob peb pob ntawv xa tuaj raws ib txoj hauv kev, cov pob ntawv no tsis mus dhau ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws (thiab kev sib tshuam) tab sis tau faib ntau txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws (thiab ob peb interfaces), uas yog txiav txim los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm routing raws tu qauv metrics, uas nyob rau hauv lem yog lub luag hauj lwm rau sau lub kawg routing rooj.
Thiab tam sim no, raws li tau cog lus tseg, kuv yuav piav qhia txog qhov tseeb ntawm kuv qhov kev coj ua thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txuag thaum khaws cov nodes tseem ceeb, uas tau tshwm sim ntau xyoo dhau los:
- Ib lub tuam txhab, kuv yuav hu nws X, muaj tus qauv 3-tier network qauv:
  - nrog ntau cores
  - ob peb lub kaum os aggregations
  - ob peb txhiab nkag mus
  - ntau kaum tawm txhiab tus neeg siv
- lub network tau tsim heev complex:
  - nrog ib pawg ntawm dynamic routing raws tu qauv thiab raws tu qauv - OSPF, MP-BGP, MPLS, PIM, IGMP, IPv6, thiab lwm yam.
  - ib pawg ntawm cov kev pabcuam - kev siv Internet, L2 thiab L3 VPN, VoIP, IPTV, cov kab xauj, thiab lwm yam.
- tab sis muaj ib qho fwj hauv lub network - tus ciam teb router uas sib xyaw ua haujlwm ntawm BGP ciam teb thiab tau txiav qee cov neeg siv kev pabcuam
- yog, nws raug nqi ntau npaum li lub dav hlau tis (ntau lab rubles)
- yog, lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv sab saum toj hauv kab ntawm cov neeg muag khoom nrov tshaj plaws hauv lub network
- yog, nws yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab heev - nrog rau kev ntsuam xyuas MTBF zoo heev
- yog, nws muaj 4 cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, sib sau ua ke raws li 2x2 lub tswv yim thiab txuas los ntawm UEPS sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv.
Tab sis tag nrho cov no tsis tau hloov qhov tseeb tias nws yog ib qho kev ua tsis tiav rau lub network.
Thiab muaj ib hnub, nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kuv thiab kuv cov npoj yaig, lub router no tuag ntev heev (tom qab ntawd peb pom tias muaj qee yam tsis ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob los ntawm UEPS, uas ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob 2 ntawm tib lub sijhawm thiab thaum nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib qho ntawm cov blocks hlawv RP router module thiab daim npav interface, uas tau txuas nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm lub cuab yeej).
Peb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab - RP thiab daim npav interface, tab sis muaj daim ntawv cog lus rau kev hloov khoom siv lossis nws cov khoom siv nrog ib tus neeg koom tes raws li NBD cov tswv yim.
Hmoov tsis zoo, lub sijhawm ntawd cov neeg koom tes tsuas yog muaj daim npav interface hauv Tshuag, tab sis tsis muaj RP pawg thawj coj saib nws tuaj txog ob peb hnub tom qab (tom qab 3 hnub).
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, muaj ib qho kev tsis ua haujlwm hauv lub network (txawm tias muaj daim ntawv cog lus txhawb nqa thiab hloov khoom siv) ua rau cov nqi nyiaj txiag hauv qab no:
- qhov feem ntawm lub tuam txhab cov kev pab cuam cuam tshuam los yog cuam tshuam nrog ciam teb no yog kwv yees li 60-70%
- Raws li nws tau suav tom qab, cov txiaj ntsig niaj hnub yog kwv yees li 900 txhiab rubles (kwv yees) thaum lub sijhawm ntawd
- Yog li, nyob rau hauv 3 hnub ntawm downtime, theoretically, profit poob nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 1 lab 620 txhiab rubles rau 1 lab 890 txhiab rubles.
Tau kawg, qhov poob qis me me, txij li kev them nyiaj rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg siv tau rov qab los tsis yog hauv daim ntawv nyiaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev pabcuam, tab sis lawv tseem nyob ntawd:
- ib feem ntawm kev them nyiaj rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam
- nce nqi rau lub tuam txhab cov neeg ua hauj lwm uas ua hauj lwm tag nrho cov no 3-4 hnub ntawm tag nrho cov zog - ua hauj lwm ua hauj lwm, hmo ntuj ua hauj lwm, nce mus, thiab lwm yam.
- lub koob npe nrov poob, uas tseem ceeb heev
- thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - cov paj hlwb ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab cov neeg siv khoom
Yog li ntawd, lub tuam txhab txoj cai tau hloov kho:
- tsis kam hloov daim ntawv cog lus raws li NBD cov nqe lus
- sab laug daim ntawv cog lus kev pabcuam tsis tu ncua
- muas ib tug thaub qab router raug nqi kwv yees li 1 - 1.3 lab rubles kom tseg 90% ntawm cov functionality ntawm lub ntsiab.
Tom qab ntawd, kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab kev tshwj tseg ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ua rau nws muaj peev xwm sib npaug ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm cov kev sib txuas sab nraud, kev khiav tsheb thiab cov neeg siv nruab nrab ntawm lawv, thiab muab kev nyab xeeb rau lub tuam txhab hauv kev sib tsoo ntxiv.
Enterprise Network Design Piv txwv
Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tsab xov xwm no kuv yuav sim piav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thaum xam cov lag luam caj qaum network. Kuv yuav tsis overload koj nrog tag nrho PPDIOO (Prepare-Planning-Design-Implement-Operate-Optimize) cov txheej txheem, tab sis yuav tsuas qhia nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- Npaj / Npaj - koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nrog koj cov kev tswj hwm txog cov hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab hauv network uas koj xav ua kom tiav - nce kev ua txhaum cai, qhia cov kev pabcuam tshiab lossis thev naus laus zis. Kuv yuav hla lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txwv - technical thiab lub koom haum - ntawm no, txij li kuv xav tias koj yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum thiab muaj sijhawm txaus los kov yeej lawv. Kuv yuav rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv nyiaj hauv qab no.
- Kev npaj - ntawm no koj yuav tau tsim kom tiav cov lus piav qhia ntawm koj lub network tam sim no (yog tias koj tsis tau paub nws), piv txwv li. piav qhia txog lub network li nws tam sim no:
  - kom muaj nuj nqis thiab hom khoom siv
  - tus naj npawb thiab hom chaw nres nkoj
  - cov kab txuas uas twb muaj lawm thiab hloov cov phiaj xwm sab hauv thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov tsev
  - hluav taws xob circuits
  - L2 thiab L3 chaw nyob
  - tsim cov duab qhia chaw ntawm Wi-Fi tes hauj lwm qhia cov ntsiab lus nkag thiab cov tswj hwm
  - piav qhia koj lub server ua liaj ua teb
  - Nws raug nquahu kom piav qhia tag nrho koj cov kev pabcuam thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lawv
  - Yog tias koj twb tau siv txoj cai tswjfwm kev ruaj ntseg network thiab kev tswj hwm kev nkag mus rau hauv network hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov, nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim
  - Kuv mam li nco ntsoov tam sim ntawd tias cov kauj ruam thib ob yog qhov tseem ceeb ua tiav cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub network, pib los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab xaus nrog cov kev pabcuam (cov ntawv thov thiab lawv cov chaw nres nkoj). Cov kauj ruam no yog heev, siv sij hawm heev thiab txawm tedious lub sij hawm. Yog tias koj lossis koj tus thawj coj tsis tau tuav cov ntaub ntawv lossis txawm tias qhov kev saib xyuas yooj yim, ces nws yog lub sijhawm los xav txog nws. Lub network nyiam hloov pauv raws sijhawm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nrawm, thiab tsuas yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv tshiab lossis kev saib xyuas tuaj yeem pab koj taug qab nws tus mob thiab pab txhawb nws txoj kev tswj hwm. Tab sis qhov no twb siv rau cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm.
- Tsim - Armed nrog kev paub tag nrho ntawm koj lub network tau txais hauv cov kauj ruam dhau los, koj zaum kawg zaum thiab xav txog yuav ua li cas hloov kho koj lub network. Hauv qab no kuv yuav sim ua piv txwv me me ntawm kev suav hauv network.
Rau kuv tus kheej, kuv tau sau ib daim ntawv me me nrog cov ntaub ntawv thawj zaug uas yuav coj kuv thaum xam thiab tsim cov core network.
Cia peb xav txog cov kauj ruam Npaj ua ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom uas peb muaj thiab peb npaj yuav ua li cas:
- muaj ib lub lag luam loj loj uas muaj kwv yees li ntawm cov hauj lwm, txog 700-800 (ntawm no kuv txhais tau tias cov neeg ua hauj lwm uas xav tau kev nkag mus rau lub lag luam network)
- Muaj ntau lub tsev sib cais nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam txhab:
- Cov tsev loj:
  - tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev - 2 pcs.
  - tus naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev hauv lub tsev - 7 pcs.
  - Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom sib txuas lus hauv ib lub tsev hauv ib lub tsev - 3 (tag nrho 21) daim
  - Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev = ~ 250 tus neeg
- Ntxiv enclosures:
  - tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev - 10 pcs.
  - Tus naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev hauv lub tsev / Rhiav - 2 pcs.
  - Tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv lub tsev - 3 pcs.
  - Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev = ~ 20 tus neeg
- Cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm lub network tam sim no (los ntawm txoj kev, ib lub tswv yim zoo heev uas kuv tau ntsib ntau dua ib zaug hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj) tau nthuav tawm:
  - 2 L2 hloov:
    - 1Gb RJ-45 chaw nres nkoj - 24 pcs.
    - 1Gb SFP chaw nres nkoj - 4 pcs.
  - 1st L2 hloov:
    - 1Gb SFP chaw nres nkoj - 24 pcs.
  - core topology - lub nplhaib
  - Cov phooj ywg-rau-peer txuas ntawm cov keyboards tau qhib siv optical fibers
  - keyboards nyob rau hauv me me server chav nrog txee
- Tam sim no faib theem:
  - ua ke nrog lub network core theem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm aggregation ntawm kev sib txuas los ntawm kev nkag mus keyboards
  - L3 chaw nyob yog muab tso rau ntawm ciam teb router thiab / lossis firewall
- Qib nkag tam sim no:
  - L2 hloov nrog 16 x 100 Mb RJ-45 nkag chaw nres nkoj thiab 2 Gigabit uplink combo ports RJ-45 / SFP
  - keyboards yog nyob rau hauv cov txee ntawm cov plag tsev
  - nkag mus hloov topology:
    - lub hnub qub (hub-thiab-hais lus - hub thiab spokes) nrog core / faib hloov pauv hauv nruab nrab
    - beam / hais lus yog ib ceg ntawm cov keyboards los ntawm hauv pem teb - 3 daim nyob rau hauv ib tug saw
  - muaj cov keyboards uas tsis tswj xyuas
  - keyboards nyob rau hauv 9 ntxiv kis yog txuas ntawm media converters (optical rau hluav taws xob teeb liab converters)
- Tam sim no cable infrastructure:
  - Cable system ntawm cov tsev:
    - muaj ib tug optical cable nruab nrab ntawm 2 lub tsev loj nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 8 fibers
    - muaj 1 optical cable nruab nrab ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tsev ntxiv (qhov twg cov tub ntxhais hloov tau nruab) thiab txhua lub tsev loj nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 8 fibers txhua.
    - Muaj 1 optical cable nruab nrab ntawm ntxiv. cov rooj plaub thiab cov rooj plaub nrog cov tub ntxhais hloov pauv nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 4 fibers (lawv kev faib tawm yog qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no)
    - fiber ntau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cables - ib hom / SMF
    - 2-fiber single-mode SFP transceivers yog siv
    - Qee cov cables raug txiav tawm ntawm kev sib txuas kho qhov muag (ODF) hauv cov chav sib cais (chav hla-chaw / chav tsev neeg rau zaub mov), thiab qee cov cables raug txiav tawm hauv pem teb theem SHTOs
  - Cable system hauv tsev:
    - muaj cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov chav neeg rau zaub mov thiab thawj cov txee rau hauv pem teb:
    - Cat5e tooj liab cables - 10 pcs (los yog 100 khub cables)
    - fiber ntau optic multimode / MMF cable rau 4 lossis 8 fibers - 1 pc.
    - fiber ntau optic multimode / MMF cable rau 4 fibers ntawm cov khoom hauv pem teb
    - tooj liab Cat5e cables nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom hauv pem teb thiab cov qhov (sockets).
  - tam sim no data center:
    - muaj ntau lub servers, piv txwv li 6 daim
    - suav nrog 1Gb cov chaw nres nkoj hauv qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv 1 lub tsev loj
    - txhua daim ntawv thov kev lag luam tau tuav ntawm servers
  - L2, L3 chaw nyob thiab routing:
    - lub network muaj ob peb VLANs - 2,3 ib lub tsev
    - servers raug faib rau ib qho kev sib cais / 24 network
    - Rau cov kev xav tau sab hauv, grey chav B network yog siv, suav nrog ntau yam - 172.16.0.0/16
    - L3 chaw nyob raug txiav tawm ntawm ciam teb router thiab / lossis firewall
    - static routing yog siv
  - Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv:
    - xov tooj:
      - Hauv cov tsev thiab qee lub tsev, xov tooj ib txwm siv tau siv cov PBXs qub qub (tsis yog IP-PBX)
      - Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab cov xov tooj hauv cov tsev tshiab, tsis tas them tus nqi ntawm kev tso cov kab hluav taws xob kim kim ntawm ib lub peev xwm thiab tsim kom muaj SCS sib npaug rau xov tooj hauv cov tsev.
      - Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau npaj los qhia IP xov tooj thoob plaws hauv lub lag luam, muab nws nrog CRM systems thiab hloov tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm rau nws.
    - chaw nres nkoj muaj peev xwm:
      - Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los soj ntsuam lub peev xwm tam sim no ntawm lub cev cov chaw nres nkoj thiab nkag mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj, thiab khaws cia tsawg kawg 25-30% rau cov kev xav tau yav tom ntej
      - txheeb xyuas qhov txaus ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj thiab lub cev txuas
      - muab PoE / PoE + nkag mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj rau cov khoom siv los ntawm cov kab ke cuam tshuam - kev soj ntsuam video thiab xov tooj
    - CCTV:
      - nws tau npaj los siv lub lag luam network ua kev thauj mus los rau lub network soj ntsuam video
      - Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov chaw nres nkoj PoE rau CCTV koob yees duab
    - wireless systems:
      - Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yog npaj los qhia wireless infrastructure rau cov neeg ua haujlwm mus
      - Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov chaw nres nkoj PoE rau cov ntsiab lus nkag
    - pob nyiaj siv, sijhawm thiab khoom siv yuav tsum:
      - ua ntau yam khoom siv uas muaj
      - thaum tsim ib lub network, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov muaj peev xwm nthuav dav network peev N xyoo ua ntej
      - thaum tsim lub network, coj mus rau hauv tus account kev txhawb nqa rau txhua yam kev ruaj ntseg ua haujlwm - ntawm no yog cov npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm, pib ntawm chaw nres nkoj-kev nyab xeeb thiab xaus nrog kev lees paub thiab kev tso cai ntawm cov neeg siv 802.1x.
      - khaws cia ntau npaum li qhov ua tau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub network ntawm qhov tseem ceeb - lub hauv paus thiab cov ntaub ntawv chaw, thiab muab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev khaws cov nodes ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thib ob - faib cov nodes
      - qhov project pob nyiaj yuav tsum tau muab rau cov nyiaj txiag zoo ib yam hauv ntau theem
      - tus nqi ntawm cov peev nyiaj - ntawm no txhua lub lag luam txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej, coj los ntawm nws cov ntsuas nyiaj txiag
      - Hnub kawg - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, yuav tsis muaj lub sijhawm kawg, vim qhov no yog ib qho haujlwm hauv tuam txhab uas tau ua los ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm, lossis lawv yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo - piv txwv li, 1 xyoo (lossis ntau dua). Hauv qhov tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 3 lub hlis mus rau rau lub hlis.
    - daws teeb meem network tam sim no:
      - pob ntawv poob
      - teeb meem nrog DHCP ntawm ntau dua los yog tsawg dua ntse nkag tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv STP tsev neeg ntawm cov txheej txheem los tawm tsam cov loops ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj nkag.
      - tshem tawm ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm DHCP server interface hauv txhua VLAN ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm
      - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov lub voj voog cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv tsis raug cai ntawm kev tswj hwm / tsis tswj cov keyboards hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam khoom siv rau lawv
      - lis mus thiab...
    Kauj Ruam Kev Npaj - tus cwj pwm ntawm lub xeev ntawm koj lub network tam sim no, raws li kuv twb tau sau lawm, nyob ntawm qhov muaj kev saib xyuas zoo thiab qib ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv kauj ruam no koj yuav tsum:
    - yam tsawg kawg nkaus, kos duab lub network uas twb muaj lawm rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv
    - sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov khoom siv:
      - kev khiav tsheb ntawm lub cev ports
      - yuam kev ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj
      - CPU load thiab nco noj ntawm keyboards thiab routers
      - piav txog L2-L3 schemes los ntawm VLANs thiab IP chaw nyob
    - tsa cov kab kos duab kab lus:
      - fiber ntau circuits thiab kab kos duab rau optical cross-connects
      - daim duab ntawm tooj liab cable faib nruab nrab ntawm cov chav server thiab cov plag tsev
      - daim duab ntawm tooj liab cable faib nruab nrab ntawm cov plag tsev thiab chav
      - tshawb xyuas qhov muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm optical cross-connects thiab thaj vaj huam sib luag hauv cov chav server thiab cov txee
    - txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov neeg rau zaub mov thiab cov khoom hauv pem teb
    - tshawb xyuas qhov muaj UPS thiab roj teeb ntawm cov nodes tseem ceeb
    - txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv
    Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm theem npaj, kuv tuaj nrog kwv yees cov duab kos duab:
    
    Tom ntej no, ua raws li txoj hauv kev modular, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia txog qib thiab cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam:
    
    Kuv yuav tsis kov ntawm Edge hauv kab lus no, tab sis yuav rov qab luv luv cov ntsiab lus no rau txhua qhov Campus modules:
    - Access - nyob rau theem no yuav tsum muab:
      - xav tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj rau cov neeg siv nkag mus rau lub network
      - kev ua raws li txoj cai kev ruaj ntseg - lim tsheb thiab cov kev cai
      - Kev tshaj tawm sau npe compression thiab network segmentation siv VLANs
      - kev siv cov VLANs cais rau lub suab tsheb
      - Kev them nyiaj yug QoS
      - kev them nyiaj yug rau PoE nkag ports
      - IP multicast kev them nyiaj yug
      - kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev sib txuas lus txuas txuas nrog rau theem kev faib khoom (xav tau)
    - Kev faib tawm - ntawm theem no, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau:
      - xav tau tus lej ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj los txuas cov keyboards nkag
      - aggregation thiab redundancy ntawm kev nkag mus hloov txuas
      - IP txoj kev
      - pob ntawv lim
      - Kev them nyiaj yug QoS
      - kev ua txhaum cai nyob rau theem ntawm kev sib txuas, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (zoo siab heev)
    - Lub hauv paus yuav tsum muab:
      - high speed switching thiab pob ntawv routing
      - xav tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj los txuas cov hloov pauv
      - txhawb rau IP routing thiab dynamic routing raws tu qauv nrog ceev network convergence
      - Kev them nyiaj yug QoS
      - kev ruaj ntseg ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau cov khoom siv thiab tswj lub dav hlau
      - txhaum kev kam rau siab ntawm hardware thiab fais fab mov theem (yuav tsum tau)
    - Data Center - txheej txheej network ntawm no module yuav tsum muab:
      - kev sib txuas lus ceev ceev
      - xav tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj los txuas cov servers
      - redundancy ntawm kev sib txuas lus txuas ob qho tib si ntawm servers thiab data center keyboards, thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw hloov chaw thiab cov tub ntxhais network (yuav tsum tau)
      - redundancy ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv fais fab (yuav tsum tau)
      - Kev them nyiaj yug QoS
    Tom ntej no, peb yuav tsum suav peb cov chaw nres nkoj thiab kev sib txuas lus sib txuas thiab txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
    Nkag mus rau theem - chaw nres nkoj xam cov lus
    Yog li, peb tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev faib cov chaw nkag mus thoob plaws lub tsev. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov kev cai nkag mus rau qib thiab cov lus pom thiab qhia txog cov kev daws teeb meem.
    Nkag mus rau theem - cov kev xav tau thiab cov kev xaiv daws teeb meem
    Tom ntej no, peb yuav suav cov chaw nres nkoj thiab kev sib txuas lus sib txuas rau qib hauv qab no:
    Kev faib tawm theem
    Kernel qib
    Data center theem
    Thaum xam, peb tau txais cov hauv qab no:
    - qib nkag - 24- thiab 48-chaw nres nkoj nkag mus hloov pauv yuav tsum tau, nyiam dua nrog 1Gb nkag chaw nres nkoj thiab optical uplink SFP chaw nres nkoj nrog PoE kev txhawb nqa thiab kev ua haujlwm dav:
      - nyob rau hauv tag nrho lawv yuav muab 504 cov chaw nres nkoj nkag, uas, hauv paus ntsiab lus, yuav them rau qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov chaw nres nkoj seem yog tias txiav txim siab siv 2 qhov chaw nres nkoj rau ib qho chaw ua haujlwm - IP xov tooj thiab chaw nres nkoj cov ntaub ntawv.
      - Nws tuaj yeem siv ib qho 48-chaw nres nkoj hloov nrog PoE kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub tsev, muab cov chaw nres nkoj nkag rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua:
        
        tseg - kwv yees li 102 qhov chaw nres nkoj (22%) ntawm cov tsev loj. Rau cov tsev ntxiv me ntsis ntxiv - 25%.
        
        mus saib xyuas video
        
        wireless teeb
    - theem kev faib tawm - Cov keyboards yuav tsum tau nrog ib txheej ntawm SFP chaw nres nkoj los ntawm 12 mus rau 48 chaw nres nkoj nrog tsawg kawg 2 SFP + cov chaw nres nkoj, nrog cov peev txheej thiab txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm, nrog rau muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov qab.
    - qib kernel - Kev kub ceev hloov ntawm 12 mus rau 24 SFP / SFP + chaw nres nkoj nrog kev txhawb nqa rau ob qho tib si stacking thiab pawg nrog MC-LAG kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum muaj. Kuv yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws tseem tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej routing kom sib npaug ntawm kev khiav tsheb. Cov tiam tshiab ntawm L3 keyboards thiab routers txhawb ECMP nrog cov tsheb sib npaug hla 4 lossis ntau txoj hauv kev nrog tib qhov ntsuas.
    - data center theem - hloov nrog 8 txog 24 SFP / SFP + chaw nres nkoj nrog kev txhawb nqa rau ob qho tib si stacking thiab pawg nrog MC-LAG kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau ua.
    Lub hom phiaj network daim duab xaus li xws
    Xaiv Extreme keyboards rau kev siv qhov project
    Zoo, tam sim no peb tau los rau qhov tseem ceeb - lub sijhawm ntawm kev xaiv cov keyboards rau kev siv ntawm peb qhov project. Cov nram qab no Extreme keyboards yog haum rau lub resulting hom phiaj Circuit Court:
    Qib
    Tus qauv
    Qhov chaw nres nkoj
    piav qhia
    core
    x620-16x-Base *
    x670-G2-48x-4q-Base*
    16 x 10GE SFP +
    
    48x10GE SFP + thiab 4x40GE QSFP +
    Rau cov tseem ceeb kernel xav tau:
    - kev kub ceev txuas
    - advanced routing thiab kev ruaj ntseg functionality
    - ntxiv fais fab mov thaub qab cov khoom siv fais fab
    - stacking thiab clustering kev txhawb nqa
    Nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau, ib tug x620 series hloov yuav ua.
    Yog tias koj muaj cov kev xav tau nthuav dav rau cov naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj thiab kev ua haujlwm dav dua, koj yuav tsum xav txog x670-G2 series keyboards.
    Data center
    x620-16x-Base*
    x590-24x-1q-2c*
    x670-G2-48x-4q-Base*
    16 x 10GE SFP +
    
    24x10GE SFP, 1xQSFP+, 2xQSFP28
    
    48x10GE SFP + thiab 4x40GE QSFP +
    Rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus chaw xav tau:
    - kev kub ceev txuas
    - ntxiv fais fab mov thaub qab cov khoom siv fais fab
    - stacking thiab clustering kev txhawb nqa
    Nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau, ib tug x620 series hloov yuav ua.
    Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas yuav tsum tau nthuav dav rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj thiab kev ua haujlwm dav dua, nws tsim nyog xav txog x670-G2 thiab x590-24x-1q-2c series keyboards.
    faib
    X460-G2-24x-10GE4-Base*
    X460-G2-48x-10GE4-Base*
    24x1GE SFP, 8x1000 RJ-45, 4x10GE SFP +
    
    48x1GE SFP, 4x10GE SFP +
    Rau cov kev xav tau yooj yim faib:
    - xav tau tus naj npawb ntawm optical ports
    - ntxiv fais fab mov thaub qab cov khoom siv fais fab
    - stacking thiab clustering kev txhawb nqa
    - xav tau L3 functionality
    X460-G2 series keyboards yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua nrog lub peev xwm nthuav dav thiab ntxiv 10G, CX (rau stacking) thiab QSFP + cov chaw nres nkoj ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho hloov pauv rau txheej txheej nrog cov chaw nres nkoj txog 1 Gb.
    nkag mus
    X440-G2-24p-10GE4*
    X440-G2-24t-10GE4*
    X440-G2-48t-10GE4*
    X440-G2-48p-10GE4*
    24x1000BASE-T (4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP + (PoE pob nyiaj siv 380 W)
    
    24x1000BASE-T (4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP +
    
    24x1000BASE-T (4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP + combo ports
    
    48x1000BASE-T (4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP + combo ports (PoE pob nyiaj siv 740 W)
    Rau kev xav tau kev nkag mus:
    - xav tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj nkag
    - PoE / PoE + txhawb nqa
    - functionality thiab muaj peev xwm mus nthuav ports
    - ntxiv nyiaj ntxiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txhawb nqa rau stacking 10Gb ports tawm ntawm lub thawv
    Kuv pom zoo kom them nyiaj rau cov kab no vim nws qhov yooj yim ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm.
    * cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov keyboards xaiv tuaj yeem pom hauv thawj kab lus ntawm koob - tshuaj xyuas ntawm Extreme keyboards
    Kuv tuaj yeem ua tiav cov kab lus ntawm no, tab sis kuv xav hais txog 2 yam ntxiv uas txhua tus engineer yuav ntsib thaum tsim lossis kho nws lub network:
    - ua hauj lwm nrog txoj kev cables - fibers thiab tooj liab kab
    - IP chaw nyob
    Ua haujlwm nrog fibers
    Saum toj no kuv tau muab cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm uas yuav tsum tau mus txog. Txhawm rau siv nws, yuav tsum muaj cov kev sib txuas hauv qab no rau cov khoom siv:
    tus lej ntawm kev sib txuas lus
    Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov fibers yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm cov qib network (core module, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv thiab kev faib tawm hauv 2 lub tsev) yog 10 daim.
    Nyob rau theem network characterization, peb pom tias tsuas muaj 8 fibers hauv cable nruab nrab ntawm cov tsev. Yuav ua li cas rau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no?
    Kuv yuav muab ob peb txoj kev daws teeb meem:
    - Thawj kauj ruam uas pom tseeb yog siv cov fibers dawb hauv cov kab hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm Lub Tsev 1 - Lub Tsev 1 thiab Lub Tsev 1 - Lub Tsev 2 (raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj - tsuas yog 2 ntawm 8 fibers hauv txhua lub cable yog siv). Ua li no, nws yog txaus rau nruab optical cross-connects ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-connects nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv 1 thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, siv SFP modules nrog ib tug cia ntawm optical pob nyiaj siv.
    - Cov kauj ruam thib ob yog siv CWDM thev naus laus zis - multiplexing ntawm cov cab kuj wavelengths hauv ib fiber ntau. Cov thev naus laus zis no pheej yig dua li DWMD thiab yooj yim heev rau kev siv. Yeej, cov kev xav tau yog rau qhov zoo ntawm fiber ntau optical thiab SFP / SFP + transceivers ntawm ib qho ntev thiab pob nyiaj siv. Raws li kuv tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, lub peev xwm ntawm cov keyboards kom paub txog cov neeg thib peb transceivers tuaj yeem ua rau peb lub neej yooj yim dua thiab txo cov nqi peev rau kev tsim kho cov kab hluav taws xob ntxiv.
    - Qhov thib peb kauj ruam yog xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm nce cov fibers los ntawm kev tso cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntxiv.
    Tom ntej no peb saib cov naj npawb ntawm fibers ntawm cov tsev nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv. tsev 2-10. Ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, tsis yog txhua yam meej meej:
    - ua ntej, tsis muaj fiber ntau txaus los siv peb lub hom phiaj - 2 fibers rau ib qho kev hloov (raws li peb nco ntsoov, peb muaj cables nrog 4 OBs ib rooj plaub)
    - Qhov thib ob, txawm tias muaj cov fibers txaus ntawm cov tsev, MMF fibers tau siv hauv cov tsev, uas yuav tsis tso cai rau peb yooj yim txuas SMF thiab MMF fibers (Kuv tab tom tham txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov tsev tshaj 300-400 meters)
    Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kev xaiv hauv qab no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab:
    - muab txhua SMF hloov nrog fibers:
      - Yog tias qhov kev ncua deb tso cai, koj tuaj yeem ncab cov hlua txuas ntxiv ntev ntawm cov keyboards. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm peb siv thaj cords 30-50 m ntev.
      - nteg ib qho pheej yig uas tsis muaj peev xwm kho qhov muag SMF cable ntawm cov khoom
      - Raws li qhov chaw kawg, siv ntau yam SMF-MMF converters
    - Txhawm rau txo cov fiber ntau siv ntawm cov tsev, koj tuaj yeem:
      - siv lub stacking functionality ntawm x440-G2 nkag mus keyboards - thaum siv 1 SMF fiber rau txhua tus hloov nyob rau hauv pem teb, uas yuav tso cai rau koj siv 6 fibers thiab ports ntawm txhua sab es tsis txhob ntawm 3 fibers thiab ports.
      - siv 2 fibers los txuas tus thawj hloov hauv ceg thiab qhov kawg. Kev sib txuas sib txuas ntawm ntug kev hloov pauv thiab siv STP raws tu qauv hauv lub nplhaib tshwm sim.
    IP chaw nyob
    Ntawm no kuv yuav muab qhov kwv yees qhov chaw nyob suav rau peb lub voj voog.
    Tam sim no peb muaj ob peb chav kawm B network - 172.16.0.0/16. Thaum xam qhov chaw nyob IP, kuv yuav raug coj los ntawm cov kev xav hauv qab no:
    - 4 khoom ntawm qhov thib ob octet yuav qhia cov tsev - 172.16.0.0/12.
    - Octet 3 yuav qhia tus lej hauv pem teb hauv lub tsev.
    - Octet 3 = 255 yuav muab faib rau cov cuab yeej taw tes-to-point txuas thiab tswj network.
    - ib qho kev tswj hwm VLAN rau hauv pem teb los tswj cov keyboards.
    - ib tus neeg siv VLAN rau ib qho kev hloov (nruab nrab 24 chaw nres nkoj).
    - ib lub suab VLAN rau ib qho kev hloov (nruab nrab 24 chaw nres nkoj).
    - ib VLAN rau kev soj ntsuam video hauv ib pem teb.
    - ib vlan rau Wi-Fi li hauv pem teb.
    Kuv xaus nrog cov rooj zoo li no:
    network 172.16.0.0/14
    network 172.20.0.0/14
    Hauv cov lus saum toj no, kuv tau muab kwv yees kev faib tawm ntawm cov tes hauj lwm thoob plaws lub tsev thiab cov plag tsev ntawm ib sab, thiab cov tes hauj lwm (tus neeg siv, kev tswj hwm thiab kev pabcuam) ntawm lwm tus.
    Qhov tseeb, xaiv qhov grey network 172.16.0.0/12 tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, vim nws txwv peb ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes (los ntawm 16 txog 31) rau cov tsev, thiab tseem muaj cov chaw ua haujlwm nyob deb uas tseem yuav tsum tau txiav cov network blocks. , tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav muaj kev xaiv siv 10.0.0.0/8 tes hauj lwm, los yog sib koom 172.16.0.0/12 tes hauj lwm (piv txwv li, rau cov kev xav tau kev pab thiab servers) thiab 10.0.0.0/8 (rau cov neeg siv tes hauj lwm).
    Feem ntau, txoj hauv kev los faib IP tes hauj lwm kuj yog modular thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai rau summing subnets rau hauv ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov theem faib, nrog rau ntawm ciam teb routers nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb ceg. Qhov no yog ua rau ntau yam:
    - kom txo qis cov rooj sib tham ntawm routers
    - txhawm rau txo qis kev pabcuam kev khiav tsheb ntawm cov txheej txheem routing (txhua yam ntawm cov lus hloov tshiab, thaum nested subnets tsis muaj)
    - kom yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev nyeem tau zoo ntawm L3 networks
    Txawm hais tias, hais txog thawj 2 cov ntsiab lus, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias lub zog ntawm cov routers niaj hnub no ntau dua li 15-20 xyoo dhau los thiab tso cai rau lawv kom muaj cov rooj sib tham loj hauv lawv lub RAM, thiab qhov piv ntawm tus nqi thiab kev sib txuas lus channel muaj peev xwm. tau txo qis piv rau cov nqi los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv E1/T1 kwj dav (G.703).
    xaus
    Cov phooj ywg, nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no kuv sim tham luv luv li sai tau txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv network. Yog, muaj ntau yam khoom siv, thiab qhov no txawm tias kuv tsis tau kov cov ntsiab lus xws li:
    - lub koom haum ntawm kev lag luam ciam teb (thiab qhov no yog ib zaj dab neeg sib txawv nrog nws cov keyboards, ciam teb, firewall, IPS / IDS systems, DMZ, VPN thiab lwm yam)
    - lub koom haum ntawm Wi-Fi networks
    - Lub koom haum ntawm VoIP networks
    - lub koom haum ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam
    - kev ruaj ntseg (thiab qhov no kuj yog nws tus kheej lub ntiaj teb sib cais, uas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntim thiab cov kev cai yuav tsis inferior mus rau lub tsim ntawm ib tug ntshiab network infrastructure, thiab tej zaum kuj surpasses nws)
    - zog
    - daim ntawv mus ntxiv
    Qhov tseeb, tsim thiab tsim kev lag luam network yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev uas yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntau thiab cov peev txheej.
    Tab sis kuv vam tias kuv tsab xov xwm yuav pab koj ntsuam xyuas thiab nkag siab ntawm theem pib yuav ua li cas los ua txoj haujlwm no.
    Qhov no tsis yog tsab xov xwm kawg ntawm Cov tes hauj lwm loj heev, yog li nyob tuned (Telegram, Facebook, VK, TS Solution Blog)!