Peb tau txais cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws los ntawm ib tus neeg siv ntawm peb OS, uas peb xav qhia rau koj.
Astra Linux yog Debian derivative uas tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev hloov pauv software dawb. Muaj ntau ntau versions ntawm Astra Linux, ib qho uas yog npaj rau kev siv txhua hnub - Astra Linux "Eagle" Common Edition. Lavxias OS rau txhua leej txhua tus yog nthuav los ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab kuv xav tham txog Orel los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm ib tug neeg uas siv peb lub operating systems txhua hnub (Windows 10, Mac OS High Sierra thiab Fedora) thiab tau ua siab ncaj rau Ubuntu rau qhov kawg. 13 xyoo. Raws li qhov kev paub dhau los no, kuv yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov system hais txog kev teeb tsa, interfaces, software, cov yam ntxwv yooj yim rau cov neeg tsim khoom thiab yooj yim los ntawm ntau lub kaum ntse ntse. Astra Linux yuav ua li cas piv rau ntau lub tshuab? Thiab nws puas tuaj yeem hloov Windows hauv tsev?
Nruab Astra Linux
Astra Linux installer zoo ib yam li Debian installer. Tej zaum thawj tus yog qhov yooj yim dua, vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov tsis raug kho los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Nws tag nrho pib nrog daim ntawv tso cai dav dav kev pom zoo tawm tsam cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov tsev tsis muaj siab heev. Tej zaum txawm nyob hauv Orel.
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb tsa yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm software uas los nrog lub kaw lus los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Cov kev xaiv muaj xws li cov qauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev xav tau ua haujlwm (rau "tsis yog tus tsim tawm").
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov rais kawg yog ib qho kev teeb tsa ntxiv: thaiv cov neeg txhais lus, consoles, tracing, teeb tsa kev tua me ntsis, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias cov lus no tsis qhia koj dab tsi, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob zuam txhua qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov no, yog tias tsim nyog, tuaj yeem teeb tsa tom qab.
Lub kaw lus tau muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig virtual nrog cov peev txheej me me (kwv yees rau cov tshuab niaj hnub). Tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab txog kev ceev thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev teeb tsa uas qhov kev sim tau tshwm sim tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Cov txheej txheem installation yog yooj yim: mount , nruab los ntawm tus txheej txheem installation txheej txheem thiab hlawv GRUB bootloader.
Lub kaw lus yog undemanding rau cov peev txheej ntawm khau raj - txog 250-300 MB ntawm RAM thaum pib rau desktop hom.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv tso tawm: ntsiav tshuaj thiab xov tooj hom
Thaum koj nkag rau hauv, koj tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm ntau qhov kev xaiv tso tawm: ruaj ntseg, desktop, mobile, lossis ntsiav tshuaj.
Koj tuaj yeem qhib cov keyboard on-screen rau cov khoom siv kov.
Wb pom dab tsi nthuav hauv ntau hom. Desktop yog hom qub uas lub kaw lus zoo ib yam li Windows.
Cov ntsiav tshuaj hom yog tsim rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj. Ntxiv rau qhov pom tseeb sab nraud qhov sib txawv uas tuaj yeem pom hauv lub screenshot hauv qab no, muaj lwm yam interface nta. Tus cursor nyob rau hauv hom ntsiav tshuaj yog tsis pom, khawm kaw daim ntaub ntawv yog muab tso rau ntawm lub taskbar. Daim ntawv thov puv npo ua haujlwm sib txawv me ntsis, cov ntaub ntawv hauv tus thawj tswj cov ntaub ntawv kuj raug xaiv txawv.
Nws tsim nyog hais txog hom mobile - txhua yam ntawm no yog hais txog tib yam li hauv Android. Fly graphical ib puag ncig yog siv. Hauv hom kov, kov ntev ua haujlwm, uas koj tuaj yeem hu rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov. Hom txawb siv me ntsis ntau cov peev txheej piv rau desktop thiab ntsiav tshuaj.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau hom kev ua haujlwm yog yooj yim. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom siv lub ntsiav tshuaj nrog lub pluggable keyboard thiab, raws li, kov thiab tsis kov cov xwm txheej siv.
Txheej txheem hloov tshiab
Ua ntej koj tuaj yeem pib siv qhov system, koj yuav tsum hloov kho nws. Feem ntau Astra Linux 14 txhiab pob khoom (, ΠΈ ceg). Cov ceg sim yuav sai sai tau txais cov hloov tshiab tsis ruaj khov, yog li peb yuav sim cov ceg sim. Hloov lub chaw cia khoom mus kuaj.
Peb pib lub repository hloov tshiab thiab hloov kho qhov system. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nyem lub pob "Hloov tshiab" nyob rau sab laug sab saud, tom qab ntawd "Kho tag nrho cov hloov tshiab", tom qab ntawd "Thov". Peb reboot.
Cov neeg siv txoj cai
Cov neeg siv tshiab raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus los ntawm kev tswj hwm txoj cai tswj kev ruaj ntseg.
Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, cov chaw taws teeb nkag mus ua haujlwm tau muab (Control Vaj Huam Sib Luag - System - Nkag mus).
Ntxiv rau qhov kev sib tham sib cais thiab tej thaj chaw deb li ib txwm, koj tuaj yeem pib qhov kev sib tham nested (Start - Shutdown - Session).
Thawj ob yog qhov tseeb. Kev sib tham nested yog ib qho kev sib kho uas pib hauv lub qhov rais ntawm qhov kev sib kho tam sim no.
Kev sib tham, los ntawm txoj kev, tuaj yeem ua tiav tom qab lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm: tsis txhob tos txog qhov kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev, tab sis tsuas yog teeb tsa tsis siv neeg kaw.
Interface thiab txheem Astra Linux software
Astra Linux Common Edition yog reminiscent ntawm Debian li nws yog ob peb xyoos dhau los. Nws yog qhov pom tau tias sab nraud Astra Linux Common Edition tab tom sim kom ze rau Windows.
Kev taw qhia thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ze dua rau Windows dua li Linux. Lub kaw lus duab los nrog cov txheej txheem software: chaw ua haujlwm, kev sib tham, duab, suab paj nruag, video. Cov kev teeb tsa tseem raug muab faib ua pawg hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tseem ceeb. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, plaub lub vijtsam muaj.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, LibreOffice tau teeb tsa ua chav ua haujlwm hauv qhov system.
Cov tswj vaj huam sib luag zoo ib yam li Windows / Mac / thiab lwm yam thiab pab pawg cov chaw tseem ceeb hauv ib qho chaw.
Tus thawj tswj cov ntaub ntawv muaj ob-pane interface thiab muaj peev xwm mount archives li folders.
Tus neeg saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem suav cov checksums, suav nrog .
Mozilla Firefox tau teeb tsa ua qhov browser default. Nws zoo nkaus li ascetic, tab sis nws yog qhov txaus. Piv txwv li, kuv qhib thiab saib ntawm Habr tshiab. Cov nplooj ntawv raug muab tso tawm, lub kaw lus tsis sib tsoo lossis dai.
Qhov kev sim tom ntej no yog kev kho cov duab kos duab. Peb rub tawm daim duab los ntawm lub npe ntawm Habr tsab xov xwm, hais kom lub kaw lus qhib nws hauv GIMP. Tsis muaj ib yam txawv txawv ntawm no thiab.
Thiab nrog me ntsis txav ntawm tes, peb ntxiv ib qho kev sim rau KPDV hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntawv. Hauv txoj cai, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem Linux ntawm no.
Cia peb sim mus dhau cov ntawv yooj yim thiab nruab cov pob khoom ntawm apt-get.
Tom qab hloov kho indexes:
sudo apt-get updateRau qhov kev xeem, peb tau nruab python3-pip, zsh thiab mus dhau lub installation ntawm oh-my-zsh (nrog ib qho ntxiv git dependency). Lub kaw lus ua haujlwm li qub.
Raws li koj tau pom, lub kaw lus ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm tus qauv txhua hnub xwm txheej rau cov neeg siv zoo tib yam. Yog tias koj xav pom cov kev pab cuam paub txog Debian / Ubuntu ntawm no, ces koj yuav tsum tau nruab lawv ntxiv, manually (piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tau pob khoom xws li ack-grep, lawv tau nruab ntawm curl / sh). Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv repositories rau sources.list thiab siv cov apt-get ib txwm muaj.
Astra Linux cov khoom siv muaj tswv yim
Cov cuab yeej tau piav qhia saum toj no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov muaj rau Astra Linux cov neeg siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom tau tsim txog ib puas yam khoom siv ntxiv uas tuaj yeem ntsia tau los ntawm tib lub chaw cia khoom uas tau siv los hloov kho cov kab ke.
Txhawm rau nrhiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov txaus los tshawb nrhiav lo lus "ya" - tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim nyog muaj cov lus hais ua ntej.
Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau qhia txog txhua daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas, yog li peb yuav xaiv ob peb qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus neeg siv yooj yim. Daim ntawv thov huab cua qhia txog kev kwv yees rau cov nroog xaiv hauv tebchaws Russia, nws yog qhov zoo rau thaj av Lavxias.
Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim nrog ntau cov ntxaij lim dej thiab cov kev xaiv rau kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Nws muaj nws tus kheej lub roj teeb saib xyuas kev siv hluav taws xob thiab ntau hom, kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm timer - tua lub monitor, pw tsaug zog, hibernation.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv executable rau cov lus txib kuj tau qhwv hauv lub plhaub graphical. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem hais qhia qhov "vi" qhov system yuav xaiv thaum khiav ib qho lus txib.
Nrog rau kev siv hluav taws xob sib cais, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa cov ntawv thov twg yuav pib ntawm kev pib ua haujlwm.
Kuj tseem muaj kev saib xyuas ntawm GPS / GLONASS, qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub xov tooj / ntsiav tshuaj (nyob rau hauv uas cov qauv sib txuas feem ntau yog tam sim no).
Nws kuj muaj nws tus kheej yooj yim nyeem ntawv PDF, rau kev ntsuam xyuas nws yog launched rau ntawm phau ntawv Dawb Culture los ntawm Lawrence Lessig.
Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog txhua yam khoom siv Fly hauv rau Astra Linux, hauv ntu "Pab" ntawm lub desktop virtual.
Sib piv nrog cov tshuab loj
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub interface thiab cov laj thawj ntawm kev tswj hwm, lub kaw lus zoo li qub Windows XP, thiab qee zaum - cais cov ntsiab lus ntawm Mac OS.
Hais txog kev siv hluav taws xob, console thiab kho vajtse, lub kaw lus zoo ib yam li Debian classic, uas zoo heev thiab paub zoo rau tib cov neeg siv ntawm Ubuntu thiab Minted, txawm hais tias qhov siab tshaj plaws yuav tsis muaj ntau yam ntawm cov pob khoom los ntawm txhua qhov chaw cia khoom.
Yog tias kuv saib xyuas kuv qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm, kuv muaj kev cia siab zoo rau lub kaw lus tshiab. Raws li lawv cov kev paub dhau los nrog Windows / Mac, cov neeg siv zoo tib yam yuav tuaj yeem yooj yim nrog Astra Linux Common Edition yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Thiab cov neeg siv Linux ntau dua, siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob unix, yuav teeb txhua yam raws li lawv pom zoo.
Tam sim no version ntawm Astra Linux yog raws li Debian 9.4 thiab tseem muaj cov ntsiav tshiab los ntawm Debian 10 (4.19).
Tau kawg, muaj cov tshiab versions ntawm Ubuntu, tab sis muaj ib qho me me tab sis tseem ceeb caveat - lawv tsis yog LTS (Long Term Support). LTS versions ntawm Ubuntu yog sib npaug nrog Astra Linux nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm pob versions. Kuv tau muab cov ntaub ntawv rau Astra Linux (tau lees paub Astra Linux Tshwj Xeeb Tsab los ua kom yooj yim rau kev taug qab OS version tso tawm hnub) los ntawm W, piv nrog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tso tawm LTS versions ntawm Ubuntu, thiab qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim:
Ubuntu LTS tso tawm
Tso tawm ntawm Astra Linux Tshwj Xeeb Tsab
Hnub tim
Version
Hnub tim
Version
17.04.2014
14.04 LTS
19.12.2014
1.4
21.04.2016
16.04 LTS
08.04.2016
1.5
26.04.2018
18.04 LTS
26.09.2018
1.6
Txiav txim
Qhov zoo ntawm Astra Linux "Eagle" Common Edition:
- Tsis poob, tsis khov, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb glitches tau pom.
- Ua tau zoo ua raws li Windows NT/XP interfaces.
- Yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm installation.
- Cov kev xav tau tsawg.
- Cov software tseem ceeb yog preinstalled: LibreOffice office suite, GIMP graphics editor, thiab lwm yam.
- Ib txheej loj ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv.
- Cov pob versions laus dua li qhov tseeb versions ntawm Ubuntu.
- Nws qhov chaw cia khoom me dua Ubuntu thiab Debian.
Xaus: Qhov tseeb tsis yog-LTS versions ntawm Ubuntu yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg siv hauv tsev dua li Astra.
Tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv hauv tsev los zaum ntawm LTS kev faib tawm, tab sis rau cov koom haum nws yog qhov kev xaiv ib txwm muaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv ntawm Astra Linux cov neeg tsim tawm tsom rau cov neeg ua haujlwm yog nkag siab thiab muaj laj thawj.
Raws li qhov tsis txaus, lawv yuav muaj tseeb rau cov neeg siv los ua haujlwm nrog Linux, txij li sab nraud Astra Linux "Eagle" yog ze rau Windows ntau dua li Linux.
Astra Linux "Eagle" Common Edition zoo li hloov pauv zoo rau lub chaw ua haujlwm version ntawm Windows ua ib feem ntawm tsoomfwv txoj kev hloov mus rau cov software dawb, tab sis rau kev siv hauv tsev nws yuav zoo li me ntsis kev saib xyuas.
Los ntawm lub tuam txhab Astra Linux: peb niaj hnub sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg siv ntawm peb lub operating system. Peb tau sau tsis tu ncua txog lawv cov kev xav - tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav hloov mus rau peb OS, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg siv uas tau siv peb cov software ntev. Yog tias koj muaj kev nkag siab tias koj npaj txhij los qhia thiab piav qhia koj cov neeg siv kev paub nrog Astra, sau rau hauv cov lus thiab ntawm peb lub vev xaib.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com