Thaub qab tsis yog ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas tau qw txog los ntawm txhua qhov hlau. Nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau nyob hauv ib lub tuam txhab loj, uas yog tag nrho. Peb rov qab ntau txhiab tus servers hauv peb lub txhab nyiaj - qhov no yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj, nthuav dav, qee qhov ntawm cov subtleties uas, nrog rau cov kev xav tsis zoo txog kev thaub qab, tsuas yog xav qhia.
Kuv tau ua hauj lwm rau lub ntsiab lus no tau yuav luag 20 xyoo, uas 2 xyoo dhau los tau nyob ntawm Promsvyazbank. Thaum pib ntawm qhov kev xyaum, kuv tau ua backups yuav luag manually, nrog cov ntawv sau uas yooj yim theej cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ntawd cov cuab yeej yooj yim tau tshwm sim hauv Windows: Robocopy utility rau kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab NT Backup rau luam. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tuaj txog lub sijhawm rau software tshwj xeeb, feem ntau Veritas Backup Exec, uas tam sim no hu ua Symantec Backup Exec. Yog li kuv tau paub txog kev thaub qab tau ntev.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, thaub qab yog khaws cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (cov tshuab virtual, kev siv, databases thiab cov ntaub ntawv) tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas muaj qee yam tsis tu ncua. Txhua rooj plaub feem ntau manifests nws tus kheej raws li ib tug kho vajtse los yog lub logic tsis ua hauj lwm thiab ua rau cov ntaub ntawv poob. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub kaw lus thaub qab yog txhawm rau txo cov ntaub ntawv poob. Ib qho kev kho vajtse tsis ua haujlwm yog, piv txwv li, qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov lossis chaw cia qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Logical - qhov no yog qhov poob lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog vim yog tib neeg: lawv yuam kev tshem tawm lub rooj, cov ntaub ntawv, tso tawm ib tsab ntawv crooked rau kev tua. Kuj tseem muaj cov cai tswj hwm kev khaws cia qee yam ntaub ntawv rau lub sijhawm ntev, piv txwv li, txog li ob peb xyoos.
Kev siv cov thaub qab feem ntau yog kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau kev xa tawm ntawm ntau lub tshuab kuaj, clones rau cov tsim tawm.
Muaj ob peb yam lus dab neeg nyob ib puag ncig thaub qab uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntev dhau los. Ntawm no yog cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv.
Lus dab neeg 1. Thaub qab tau ntev lawm tsuas yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm me me hauv kev ruaj ntseg lossis kev cia khoom
Cov txheej txheem thaub qab tseem nyob twj ywm hauv chav sib cais ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab ywj siab heev. Lawv muaj haujlwm ntau dhau los ua. Qhov tseeb, lawv yog kab kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv thaum nws los txog rau cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees. Yog li ntawv thaub qab ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej nrawm, ntawm nws tus kheej lub sijhawm. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm txhua hnub yog tsim rau cov servers, muaj cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev saib xyuas.
Ntxiv rau, tus qauv ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov txheej txheem thaub qab tso cai rau koj tso cai rau ib feem ntawm txoj cai rau cov thawj coj ntawm lub hom phiaj los tswj cov thaub qab.
Lus dab neeg 2. Thaum muaj RAID, ib qho thaub qab tsis xav tau lawm.
Undoubtedly, RAID arrays thiab cov ntaub ntawv replication yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm, thiab yog tias koj muaj cov neeg rau zaub mov standby, koj tuaj yeem npaj hloov mus rau nws sai yog tias lub tshuab loj tsis ua haujlwm.
Los ntawm cov laj thawj yuam kev uas tau ua los ntawm cov neeg siv ntawm lub system, redundancy thiab replication tsis txuag. Ntawm no yog sau-rov qab standby neeg rau zaub mov - yog, nws tuaj yeem pab tawm yog tias pom qhov yuam kev ua ntej nws tau synchronized. Thiab yog tias lub sijhawm tsis nco qab lawm? Tsuas yog lub sijhawm thaub qab yuav pab tau ntawm no. Yog tias koj paub tias cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv nag hmo, koj tuaj yeem rov qab kho qhov system mus rau hnub ua ntej nag hmo thiab rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm nws. Muab qhov tseeb tias qhov kev ua yuam kev yog qhov feem ntau, qhov zoo qub thaub qab tseem yog ib qho pov thawj thiab tsim nyog.
Lus dab neeg 3. Kev thaub qab yog ib yam uas ua tiav ib hlis ib zaug.
Lub sijhawm thaub qab yog qhov chaw teeb tsa uas feem ntau nyob ntawm koj qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub kaw lus thaub qab. Nws yog qhov ua tau kom pom cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav luag tsis hloov pauv thiab tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, lawv qhov kev poob yuav tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub tuam txhab.
Lawv, qhov tseeb, tuaj yeem thim rov qab ib hlis ib zaug thiab txawm tsawg dua. Tab sis ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau txais kev cawmdim ntau zaus, nyob ntawm RPO (Rov qab taw tes objrective), uas teev cov ntaub ntawv tso cai poob. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau ib zaug hauv ib lub lis piam, ib zaug hauv ib hnub, lossis txawm tias ntau zaus hauv ib teev. Peb muaj cov kev hloov pauv no los ntawm DBMS.
Thaum cov tshuab tau muab tso rau hauv kev lag luam, cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab yuav tsum tau pom zoo, uas qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem hloov tshiab, txheej txheem rau kev rov ua haujlwm, txheej txheem khaws cia thaub qab, thiab lwm yam.
Lus dab neeg 4. Lub ntim ntawm cov ntawv luam tau loj hlob tas li thiab siv txhua qhov chaw faib tag nrho.
Cov thaub qab muaj lub sijhawm khaws cia tsawg. Nws ua rau tsis muaj kev nkag siab, piv txwv li, khaws tag nrho 365 txhua hnub thaub qab hauv lub xyoo. Raws li txoj cai, nws muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntawv luam txhua hnub rau 2 lub lis piam, tom qab ntawd lawv hloov nrog cov tshiab, thiab cov ntawv uas tau ua thawj zaug hauv lub hli tseem nyob hauv lub sijhawm ntev. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, kuj yog khaws cia rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm - txhua daim ntawv muaj lub neej.
Muaj cov ntaub ntawv poob kev tiv thaiv. Txoj cai siv: ua ntej ib qho thaub qab raug rho tawm, tus tom ntej yuav tsum tau tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis raug muab tshem tawm yog tias cov thaub qab tsis tau ua tiav, piv txwv li, vim qhov tsis muaj ntawm lub server. Tsis tsuas yog lub sij hawm thav duab raug hwm, tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv luam hauv lub teeb kuj raug tswj. Yog tias lub kaw lus tsim kom muaj ob daim ntawv thaub qab tag nrho, yuav muaj ob qho tib si, thiab cov qub yuav raug tshem tawm tsuas yog thaum tus thib peb tshiab tau sau tiav. Yog li ntawd, kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntim nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv thiab tsis nyob ntawm lub sijhawm.
Myth 5. Backup pib - txhua yam dai
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los hais qhov no: yog tias txhua yam yog dai, ces txhais tes ntawm tus thawj coj tsis loj hlob los ntawm qhov ntawd. Feem ntau, kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev thaub qab yog nyob ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv li, ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub backup system nws tus kheej: ceev npaum li cas yog disk cia, daim kab xev tsev qiv ntawv. Los ntawm kev ceev ntawm cov servers ntawm cov txheej txheem thaub qab: seb lawv puas muaj sijhawm los ua cov ntaub ntawv, ua compression thiab deduplication. Thiab tseem nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov kab sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov.
Cov thaub qab tuaj yeem mus rau ib lossis ntau cov kwj, nyob ntawm seb lub kaw lus puas tau rov qab txhawb nqa multithreading. Piv txwv li, Oracle DBMS tso cai rau koj muab ntau cov xov, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej txheem muaj, kom txog rau thaum tus nqi hloov mus tsoo lub network bandwidth txwv.
Yog tias koj sim rov qab cov xov tooj ntau, ces muaj caij nyoog rau overload lub kaw lus khiav, nws yuav pib qeeb. Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo tshaj plaws xov tooj ntawm threads yog xaiv los xyuas kom meej kev ua tau zoo txaus. Yog tias txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb, tom qab ntawd muaj qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thaum kev thaub qab tsis yog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua server, tab sis los ntawm nws cov clone - standby hauv database terminology. Cov txheej txheem no tsis khau raj lub ntsiab ua haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab tau los ntawm ntau cov kwj deg, txij li lub server tsis siv rau kev saib xyuas.
Hauv cov koom haum loj, ib qho kev sib cais yog tsim rau cov txheej txheem thaub qab kom cov thaub qab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev khiav tsheb yuav tsis kis tau los ntawm lub network, tab sis los ntawm SAN.
Peb sim kis cov khoom thauj raws sijhawm thiab. Cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab feem ntau ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm: hmo ntuj, hnub so. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis yog txhua tus khiav tib lub sijhawm. Cov thaub qab ntawm cov tshuab virtual yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem tau xyaum tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nws tus kheej, yog li cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab tuaj yeem kis tau rau nruab hnub, thiab tsis ncua txhua yam thaum hmo ntuj. Muaj ntau yam subtleties, yog tias koj coj txhua yam mus rau hauv tus account, thaub qab yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab.
Tswvyim 6. Tua tawm lub kaw lus thaub qab - qhov ntawd yog kev zam txim rau koj
Tsis txhob hnov ββββqab tias cov txheej txheem thaub qab yog kab kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv, uas txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj tsib lub tshuab ntxiv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws uas ua kom muaj kev txuas ntxiv, muaj siab thiab kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm IT infrastructure thiab kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv.
Cia siab tias cov thaub qab yuav rov qab tau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab ceev nrooj tsa cov kev pabcuam poob tsis tsim nyog. Cov ntaub ntawv poob los ntawm lub sijhawm thaub qab mus rau lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm yog lav, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem xa mus rau lub server tshiab rau ob peb teev (lossis hnub, raws li koj muaj hmoo). Yog li ntawd, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab los tsim kom muaj kev ua txhaum loj-hloov tshuab yam tsis hloov txhua yam mus rau qhov thaub qab.
Lus dab neeg 7. Kuv teeb ib qho thaub qab ib zaug, xyuas tias nws ua haujlwm. Nws tsuas yog saib cov cav
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj tshaj plaws, qhov cuav uas koj paub tsuas yog thaum qhov xwm txheej. Cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab tau zoo tsis yog qhov lav tias txhua yam yeej mus raws li nws yuav tsum tau ua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas cov ntawv khaws tseg rau kev xa tawm ua ntej. Ntawd yog, pib cov txheej txheem rov qab los ntawm qhov chaw sim thiab saib qhov tshwm sim.
Thiab me ntsis txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm qhov system
Hauv phau ntawv hom, tsis muaj leej twg tau luam cov ntaub ntawv ntev. Niaj hnub SRKs tuaj yeem rov qab yuav luag txhua yam, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum teeb tsa kom raug. Yog tias tus neeg rau zaub mov tshiab tau ntxiv lawm, teeb tsa txoj cai: xaiv cov ntsiab lus uas yuav rov qab tau, qhia cov kev xaiv cia, thiab siv lub sijhawm.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tseem muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau heev vim muaj kev dav dav ntawm cov servers, suav nrog databases, mail systems, virtual machine clusters, thiab file shares ob leeg ntawm Windows thiab Linux / Unix. Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas khaws cov txheej txheem thaub qab khiav tsis txhob zaum.
Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov hnub caiv, kuv xav thov kom txhua tus thawj tswj hwm cov hlab ntsha muaj zog, pom tseeb ntawm kev txav thiab qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov kawg rau khaws cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab!
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com