Rau ntau txoj haujlwm, kev ncua ntawm tus neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov yog qhov tseem ceeb, piv txwv li hauv kev ua si hauv online, kev sib tham video / suab, IP xov tooj, VPN, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias tus neeg rau zaub mov nyob deb dhau ntawm tus neeg siv khoom ntawm qib IP network, tom qab ntawd ncua sijhawm (nrov hu ua "ping", "lag") yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm.
Geographic sib thooj ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis ib txwm sib npaug sib npaug ntawm IP routing qib. Yog li, piv txwv li, ib tus neeg rau zaub mov hauv lwm lub tebchaws yuav "ze" rau koj dua li lub server hauv koj lub nroog. Tag nrho vim lub peculiarities ntawm routing thiab network tsim.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub server uas ze li sai tau rau txhua tus neeg siv khoom? IP network txuas yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas coj tus neeg siv khoom mus rau lub server ze tshaj plaws? Cia peb kawm hauv tsab xov xwm.
Kev ntsuas qeeb
Ua ntej, cia peb kawm yuav ua li cas ntsuas kev ncua. Txoj haujlwm no tsis yooj yim li nws yuav zoo li vim tias ncua sij hawm tuaj yeem sib txawv rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab pob ntawv loj. Koj kuj tuaj yeem nco cov xwm txheej luv luv, xws li dips kav ntev li ob peb milliseconds.
ICMP - ib txwm ping
Peb yuav siv Unix ping utility; nws tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa lub sijhawm ntawm kev xa cov pob ntawv, uas ping version rau Windows ua tsis tau. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim hais tias yog muaj kev ncua ntev ntawm cov pob ntawv, koj tsuas yog tsis pom dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm lawv.
Pob loj (kev xaiv -s) - los ntawm lub neej ntawd, ping utility xa cov pob ntawv ntawm 64 bytes loj. Nrog cov pob ntawv me me no, qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim nrog cov pob ntawv loj dua yuav tsis pom, yog li peb yuav teeb lub pob ntawv loj rau 1300 bytes.
Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm pob ntawv (kev xaiv -i) - lub sijhawm ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, pob ntawv xa tuaj ib zaug ib ob, qhov no ntev heev, cov kev pab cuam tiag tiag xa ntau pua thiab txhiab pob ntawv ib ob, yog li peb yuav teem caij rau 0.1 thib ob. Qhov kev pab cuam tsuas tsis pub tsawg dua.
Yog li ntawd, cov lus txib zoo li no:
ping -s 1300 -i 0.1 yandex.ru
Qhov kev tsim no tso cai rau koj pom cov duab tiag tiag ntawm kev ncua sijhawm.
Ping ntawm UDP thiab TCP
Qee qhov xwm txheej, TCP kev sib txuas tau ua tiav txawv dua li cov pob ntawv ICMP, thiab vim li no, kev ntsuas yuav txawv nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem. Nws kuj feem ntau tshwm sim tias tus tswv tsev tsuas tsis teb rau ICMP, thiab ping li niaj zaus tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog qhov tus tswv tsev ua tag nrho nws lub neej, piv txwv li. microsoft.com.
Π’ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm lub npe nrov scanner nmap tuaj yeem tsim cov pob khoom. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ntsuas qhov qeeb.
Txij li thaum UDP thiab TCP ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb, peb yuav tsum "ping" ib qho chaw nres nkoj tshwj xeeb. Cia peb sim ping TCP 80, uas yog, lub vev xaib server chaw nres nkoj:
$ sudo nping --tcp -p 80 --delay 0.1 -c 0 microsoft.com
Starting Nping 0.7.80 ( https://nmap.org/nping ) at 2020-04-30 13:07 MSK
SENT (0.0078s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40 seq=3401731188 win=1480
SENT (0.1099s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40 seq=3401731188 win=1480
RCVD (0.2068s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=43 id=0 iplen=44 seq=1480267007 win=64240 <mss 1440>
SENT (0.2107s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40 seq=3401731188 win=1480
RCVD (0.3046s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=43 id=0 iplen=44 seq=1480267007 win=64240 <mss 1440>
SENT (0.3122s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40 seq=3401731188 win=1480
RCVD (0.4247s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=42 id=0 iplen=44 seq=2876862274 win=64240 <mss 1398>
Max rtt: 112.572ms | Min rtt: 93.866ms | Avg rtt: 101.093ms
Raw packets sent: 4 (160B) | Rcvd: 3 (132B) | Lost: 1 (25.00%)
Nping done: 1 IP address pinged in 0.43 seconds
Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, nping xa 4 pob ntawv thiab nres. Kev xaiv -c 0 ib ua kom tsis muaj kev xa tawm ntawm pob ntawv; txhawm rau nres qhov kev pab cuam, koj yuav tsum nias Ctrl + C. Kev txheeb cais yuav raug qhia thaum kawg. Peb pom tias qhov nruab nrab rtt (lub sijhawm ncig mus ncig) tus nqi yog 101ms.
MTR - traceroute ntawm steroids
Qhov kev pab cuam Kuv Traceroute yog qhov khoom siv siab tshaj plaws rau kev taug qab txoj hauv kev mus rau tus tswv tsev nyob deb. Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob li niaj zaus traceroute (hauv Windows qhov no yog qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob tracert), nws tuaj yeem qhia tau qeeb rau txhua tus tswv tsev hauv pob ntawv. Nws tseem tuaj yeem taug qab txoj kev tsis yog ntawm ICMP nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj ntawm UDP thiab TCP.
$ sudo mtr microsoft.com
(Clickable) MTR program interface. Txoj kev taug mus rau microsoft.com pib
MTR tam sim ntawd qhia cov ping rau txhua tus tswv tsev hauv cov saw hlau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov kho tas li thaum qhov kev zov me nyuam tab tom ua haujlwm thiab cov kev hloov pauv luv luv tuaj yeem pom.
Lub screenshot qhia tau hais tias ntawm node #6 muaj pob ntawv poob, tab sis qhov tseeb qhov no tsis yog tag nrho, vim hais tias qee lub routers tsuas tuaj yeem muab cov ntawv pov tseg nrog TTL tas sij hawm thiab tsis rov qab cov lus teb yuam kev, yog li cov ntaub ntawv poob tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej ntawm no.
WiFi vs kab
Lub ntsiab lus no tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tsab xov xwm, tab sis hauv kuv lub tswv yim nws tseem ceeb heev hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ncua. Kuv yeej nyiam WiFi, tab sis yog tias kuv muaj lub sijhawm me ntsis los txuas rau Is Taws Nem nrog cable, kuv yuav siv nws. Kuv kuj ib txwm ua rau tib neeg tsis txhob siv lub koob yees duab WiFi.
Yog tias koj ua si hauv online tua phom loj, kwj video, lossis ua lag luam ntawm kev sib pauv khoom lag luam: thov siv Is Taws Nem ntawm cable.
Ntawm no yog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom los sib piv WiFi thiab cable txuas. Qhov no yog ping rau WiFi router, uas yog, txawm tias tsis tau Internet.
(Clickable) Sib piv ntawm ping mus rau WiFi router ntawm cable thiab ntawm WiFi
Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias dhau WiFi qhov ncua sij hawm yog 1ms ntev dua thiab qee zaum muaj cov pob ntawv nrog qeeb kaum zaus ntev dua! Thiab qhov no tsuas yog lub sijhawm luv luv xwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib lub router ua kom ruaj khov qeeb ntawm <1ms.
Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, WiFi 802.11n ntawm 2.4GHz yog siv, tsuas yog lub laptop thiab lub xov tooj txuas nrog rau qhov chaw nkag WiFi. Yog tias muaj ntau tus neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov chaw nkag, cov txiaj ntsig yuav phem dua. Qhov no yog vim li cas kuv thiaj li tawm tsam hloov tag nrho cov chaw ua haujlwm computers rau WiFi yog tias nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag lawv nrog cable.
Kev sib txuas IP
Yog li, peb tau kawm los ntsuas qhov qeeb rau lub server, cia peb sim nrhiav tus neeg rau zaub mov ze rau peb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb tuaj yeem saib seb peb tus kws kho mob txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm li cas. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los siv cov kev pabcuam rau qhov no
Thaum peb nkag mus rau ntawm qhov chaw, peb pom tias peb tus IP chaw nyob yog nyob rau hauv qhov system autonomous .
Los ntawm saib cov duab sib txuas ntawm cov kab ke tswj hwm tus kheej, peb tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov chaw muab kev pabcuam siab dua uas peb tus kws kho mob txuas nrog rau lwm lub ntiaj teb. Txhua lub dots yog clickable, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus thiab nyeem seb tus kws kho mob zoo li cas.
Connectivity graph ntawm tus muab kev pab cuam lub autonomous systems
Siv cov cuab yeej no, koj tuaj yeem kawm yuav ua li cas cov channel ntawm ib tus neeg muab kev pabcuam, suav nrog hosting, raug teeb tsa. Saib cov chaw muab kev pabcuam uas nws txuas ncaj qha rau. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau tus neeg rau zaub mov tus IP chaw nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav bgp.he.net thiab saib daim duab ntawm nws txoj kev tswj hwm tus kheej. Koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias ib lub chaw pabcuam lossis chaw pabcuam hosting txuas nrog rau lwm tus li cas.
Feem ntau cov tsheb sib pauv cov ntsiab lus muab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hu ua iav saib, uas tso cai rau koj los ping thiab traceroute los ntawm ib lub router tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw sib pauv.
Piv txwv li, los ntawm MGTS
Yog li, thaum xaiv ib tus neeg rau zaub mov, peb tuaj yeem pom ua ntej yuav ua li cas los ntawm kev sib pauv tsheb sib txawv. Thiab yog tias peb cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm nyob hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig, peb tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov chaw zoo rau lub server.
Xaiv lub server ze tshaj plaws
Peb tau txiav txim siab los ua kom yooj yim cov txheej txheem los nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws server rau peb cov neeg siv khoom thiab tsim ib nplooj ntawv nrog kev ntsuas tsis siv neeg ntawm cov chaw nyob ze: .
Thaum koj mus ntsib ib nplooj ntawv, tsab ntawv ntsuas qhov qeeb ntawm koj tus browser mus rau txhua tus neeg rau zaub mov thiab qhia lawv ntawm daim ntawv qhia kev sib tham. Thaum koj nyem rau ntawm lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim.
Lub pob yuav coj koj mus rau nplooj ntawv xeem latency rau tag nrho peb cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Txhawm rau saib cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem, nyem rau ntawm qhov chaw cov ntaub ntawv taw qhia ntawm daim ntawv qhia
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com