1.1. Taw qhia
Hais txog kev txhim kho IT hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis nco qab txog kev sib koom ntawm Huab kev daws teeb meem ntawm lwm tus. Cia peb txheeb xyuas seb cov kev daws teeb meem huab cua, technologies, thiab lwm yam yog dab tsi.
Huab suav (lossis huab kev pabcuam) yog ib txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev thauj mus los, khaws cia thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chaw siv computer tej thaj chaw deb, uas suav nrog servers, data storage systems (DSS), data transmission systems (DTS).
Thaum tsim cov khoom siv IT, yog nws lub vev xaib ua lag luam, lub khw hauv online, lub vev xaib siab lossis lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, muaj tsawg kawg yog ob qho kev xaiv rau tso koj cov khoom.
Ntawm cov neeg siv khoom qhov chaw (eng. - on-premise) los yog nyob hauv huab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais kom paub tseeb tias qhov twg muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua ntawm cov nyiaj hauv cov ntaub ntawv dav dav.
Yog tias koj siv lub server uas koj muaj cov ntaub ntawv me me uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev zam txim thiab lub vev xaib yooj yim tsis muaj kev thauj khoom ntau - yog, hauv av hosting yog koj xaiv. Tab sis sai li sai tau thaum koj ua haujlwm thiab xav tau nce, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev txav mus rau huab.
1.2. Huab ntawm peb
Ua ntej sib tham raws nraim li cas huab tau muab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias zaj dab neeg hais txog huab tsis yog hais txog cov loj loj ntawm IT sector thiab lawv cov kev pabcuam sab hauv. Peb kuj siv huab xam txhua hnub.
Niaj hnub no, xyoo 2019, nws nyuaj rau nrhiav tus neeg uas yuav tsis siv Instagram, email, maps thiab tsheb thauj mus los ntawm lawv lub xov tooj. Qhov twg yog tag nrho cov no khaws cia thiab ua tiav? Txoj cai!
Txawm hais tias koj, raws li tus kws tshaj lij IT hauv ib lub tuam txhab nrog tsawg kawg ntawm cov ceg me me (kom pom tseeb), txhim kho cov txheej txheem cia hauv cov txheej txheem, txawm li cas los xij koj muab kev nkag mus rau cov peev txheej, nws yog web interface, ftp lossis samba. , qhov no yog rau koj cov neeg siv lub vault yuav yog huab uas nyob ... qhov chaw muaj. Peb tuaj yeem hais li cas txog tej yam uas paub zoo li no uas peb siv ntawm peb lub ntsis ntiv tes ob peb lub kaum ob zaug txhua hnub.
2.1. Hom Huab Peev Xwm Tshaj Tawm
Ok, huab. Tab sis nws tsis yooj yim li ntawd. Peb kuj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm - cov neeg muag khoom, cov kws tshaj lij IT, cov thawj coj. Tab sis qhov no yog lub tswv yim dav, txhua tus muaj lub hom phiaj thiab qee qhov kev faib tawm. Nws zoo ib yam ntawm no. Feem ntau, cov kev pabcuam huab tuaj yeem muab faib ua 4 hom.
1.Pej xeem huab yog lub platform uas qhib rau pej xeem rau txhua tus neeg siv dawb lossis nrog kev them nyiaj. Feem ntau nws yog tswj hwm los ntawm ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb lossis cov neeg raug cai. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub portal-aggregator ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev paub txog science.
2. Huab huab - qhov tseeb ntawm qhov taw tes 1. Qhov no yog lub platform kaw rau pej xeem, feem ntau yog npaj rau ib lub tuam txhab (los yog ib lub tuam txhab thiab cov koom haum koom tes). Kev nkag tau tsuas yog tso cai rau cov neeg siv los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm qhov system. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov kev pabcuam sab hauv, piv txwv li lub network intranet, SD (service desk), CRM, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, huab lossis ntu cov tswv lag luam coj qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hnyav heev, txij li cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev muag khoom, cov neeg siv khoom, cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm ntawm cov tuam txhab, thiab lwm yam yog khaws cia hauv huab ntiag tug.
3. Community huab peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog huab cua ntiag tug faib ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab uas muaj cov haujlwm zoo sib xws lossis nyiam. Nws yog feem ntau siv thaum nws tsim nyog los muab txoj cai los siv ib daim ntawv thov kev pab rau ntau tus neeg, departments los ntawm txawv tuam txhab uas muag.
4. Hybrid huab Qhov no yog ib hom kev tsim kho vaj tse uas sib txuas yam tsawg kawg ob hom kev xa tawm. Qhov piv txwv tshaj plaws yog scaling ib tus neeg siv ntaub ntawv chaw siv huab. Qhov no yog ua kom txuag tau nyiaj, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txav mus rau huab 100%, lossis rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab ua raws li cov laj thawj.
2.2. Hom kev pabcuam
Super, hom kev xa tawm txawv heev, tab sis yuav tsum muaj qee yam uas koom ua ke lawv? Yog, cov no yog hom kev pabcuam, lawv zoo ib yam rau txhua hom huab. Cia peb saib 3 yam uas feem ntau.
IaaS (Infrastructure as a service) - infrastructure raws li kev pabcuam. Nrog rau qhov kev xaiv no, koj tau muab cov servers hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuab virtual (VMs), disks, khoom siv network, uas koj tuaj yeem siv OS thiab ib puag ncig koj xav tau, nruab cov kev pabcuam, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias tam sim no kuv tab tom txhim kho hauv huab los ntawm Yandex, kuv tau pib kuv qhov kev paub nrog GCP (Google Cloud Platform), yog li kuv yuav muab piv txwv tawm tsam nws keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab feem ntau kuv yuav tham txog cov chaw muab kev pabcuam tom qab me ntsis. Yog li, ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev daws teeb meem IaaS hauv GCP yuav yog Compute Engine element. Cov. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim BM uas koj xaiv lub operating system koj tus kheej, teeb tsa software koj tus kheej thiab xa cov ntawv thov. Cia peb saib ib qho piv txwv. Koj yog python programmer thiab koj xav ua lub vev xaib nrog backend ntawm huab, xav txog qhov kev xaiv IaaS nkaus xwb. Koj yuav tsum nqa ib VM uas lub vev xaib yuav khiav, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau nruab (hauv gcp nws raug xaiv nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim cov piv txwv) OS, hloov kho tus thawj tswj packer (vim li cas tsis), nruab qhov yuav tsum tau version ntawm python, nginx, thiab lwm yam... Ntawm peb VMs tsim ib pawg database failover (kuj manually). Muab cov ntawv sau cia, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog pheej yig thiab ntev, tab sis yog tias koj xav tau qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, qhov no yog qhov koj xaiv.
Tom ntej no ze tshaj rau simplicity thiab tus nqi siab yog PaaS (platform as a service). Ntawm no koj kuj tau txais VM, tau kawg, tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm hloov qhov kev teeb tsa kom yoog raws, koj tsis xaiv OS, txheej software, thiab lwm yam, koj tau txais ib puag ncig npaj rau koj cov khoom. Cia peb rov qab mus rau tib qho piv txwv. Koj yuav ob App Engine piv txwv hauv GCP, ib qho ntawm lawv yuav nyob rau hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, qhov thib ob yuav yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub vev xaib server. Koj tsis tas yuav teeb tsa ib qho kev pab txhawb nqa; koj tuaj yeem khiav qhov chaw tsim khoom tawm ntawm lub thawv. Nws raug nqi ntau dua, koj yuav tsum lees paub, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau them, thiab tag nrho cov ntawv ua haujlwm rau koj. Tab sis koj tau txais lub platform npaj ua haujlwm nrog.
Qhov thib peb ntawm cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb, sawv saum tus so - SaaS (Software as a Service). Koj tsis zoo-tune VM, koj tsis configure nws kiag li. Koj tsis tas yuav yog tus kws tshaj lij IT, koj tsis tas yuav sau cov lej, koj tsis tas yuav ua tus thaub qab. Yog txhua yam npaj txhij. Cov no yog npaj txhij, xa cov kev daws teeb meem, xws li GSuite (yav tas los Google Apps), DropBox, Office 365.
3.1. Hauv qab hood yog dab tsi?
Tau txais nws hauv koj lub taub hau? Okay, cia peb mus ntxiv. Peb yuav VM, ua haujlwm nrog nws, rhuav tshem nws thiab yuav 10 ntxiv. Peb tsis yuav khoom kho vajtse, tab sis peb paub tias nws yuav tsum nyob qhov twg. Thaum koj qhia txog kev khaws cia rau hauv koj lub lag luam infrastructure, tej zaum koj tau nruab nws rau hauv ib lub khib hauv chav neeg rau zaub mov. Yog li, huab cua cov chaw muab kev pabcuam muab rau koj ib feem ntawm lawv chav tsev neeg rau zaub mov, tsuas yog loj loj. Lub npe hu ua DPC (data processing center). Cov no yog cov complexes loj nyob yuav luag thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Kev tsim kho feem ntau yog ua nyob ze ntawm cov chaw uas tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw txias txias yam tsawg ib feem ntawm lub xyoo, tab sis qee tus neeg sawv cev kuj tuaj yeem tsim hauv Nevada suab puam. Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias tus kws kho mob muab ntau pua lub racks rau hauv lub hangar colossal, nws kuj tseem txhawj xeeb txog kev hloov hluav taws xob (lawv puas tseem paub tias cov khoos phis tawj tsis tuaj yeem khov thiab kub dhau?), txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau ntawm lub cev. qib, yog li nws tsis zoo li nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw tsis raug cai yuav ua haujlwm? Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov chaw muab kev pabcuam sib txawv; qee qhov ua cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm ntawm cov chaw sib txawv, thaum lwm tus khaws lawv ruaj ntseg hauv ib qho.
3.2. Huab tam sim no thiab nyob rau hauv retrospect. Cov kws kho mob
Feem ntau, yog tias koj khawb rau hauv keeb kwm, thawj qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim cov huab cua niaj hnub no tau rov qab rau hauv nruab nrab-70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho thiab kev siv ARPANET Internet qauv. Tom qab ntawd cov lus hais yog tias muaj ib hnub neeg yuav tuaj yeem tau txais txhua qhov kev pabcuam ua tau los ntawm lub network. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, cov channel tau ruaj khov thiab ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, thiab hauv 1999 thawj qhov kev lag luam CRM tau tshwm sim, uas yog muab tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev tso npe thiab yog thawj SaaS, cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv ib lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, lub tuam txhab tau faib ntau qhov chaw uas muab PaaS los ntawm kev tso npe, suav nrog rooj plaub tshwj xeeb BDaaS (cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus raws li kev pabcuam). nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg siv yuav tsim lawv tus kheej virtual tshuab, qhov no yog yuav ua li cas lub era ntawm huab loj technologies pib.
Tam sim no nws yog ib txwm tham txog peb qhov loj (txawm tias kuv pom plaub loj hauv ib nrab xyoo): Amazon web services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform... Yandex Cloud. Nws yog qhov zoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau yav tom ntej, vim tias thaum cov neeg sib koom ua ke sai sai rau hauv lub ntiaj teb theem, kev khav theeb tshwj xeeb los ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Tseem muaj ntau lub tuam txhab, piv txwv li Oracle lossis Alibaba, uas muaj lawv tus kheej huab, tab sis vim qee qhov xwm txheej lawv tsis nrov ntawm cov neeg siv. Thiab tau kawg, cov neeg hosting, uas kuj yog cov chaw muab kev pabcuam PaaS lossis SaaS cov kev daws teeb meem.
3.3. Nqe thiab Nyiaj Pab
Kuv yuav tsis nyob ntau dhau ntawm tus nqi txoj cai ntawm cov chaw muab kev pabcuam, txij li txwv tsis pub nws yuav qhib kev tshaj tawm. Kuv xav kom nco ntsoov qhov tseeb tias txhua lub tuam txhab loj muab nyiaj pab los ntawm $ 200 txog $ 700 rau ib xyoos lossis luv dua kom koj, raws li cov neeg siv, tuaj yeem paub lub zog ntawm lawv cov kev daws teeb meem thiab nkag siab qhov koj xav tau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov tuam txhab los ntawm peb lub loj ... los yog plaub tab tom yuav ... muab lub sijhawm los koom nrog cov neeg koom tes, ua cov rooj sib tham thiab kev cob qhia, muab ntawv pov thawj thiab cov txiaj ntsig rau lawv cov khoom.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com