Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 5 ntawm lub xyoo no, tus qauv tshiab rau 10-Mbit Ethernet tau pom zoo. Yog lawm, koj nyeem txoj cai: kaum megabits ib ob.
Vim li cas qhov "me me" ceev yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st? Txhawm rau hloov lub vaj tsiaj uas muab zais rau hauv lub npe capacious "lub tsheb npav" - Profibus, Modbus, CC-Link, CAN, FlexRay, HART, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv, lawv yog incompatible nrog ib leeg thiab kuj nyuaj rau configure. Tab sis koj tsuas yog xav ntsaws lub cable rau hauv qhov hloov, thiab qhov ntawd yog nws. Ib yam li nrog Ethernet tsis tu ncua.
Thiab tsis ntev nws yuav ua tau! Raws li: "802.3cg-2019 - IEEE Tus Qauv rau Ethernet - Kev Hloov Kho 5: Cov Txheej Txheem Lub Cev Lub Cev thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Txheej Txheem rau 10 Mb / s Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Sib Txuas Hluav Taws Xob dhau ntawm Ib Leeg Sib Nqus Cov Neeg Siv Khoom."
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo siab heev ntawm Ethernet tshiab no? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws ua haujlwm dhau ib khub twisted, thiab tsis tshaj plaub. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj tsawg connectors thiab thinner cables. Thiab koj tuaj yeem siv twb nteg twisted khub cable mus rau sensors thiab actuators.
Koj tuaj yeem sib cav tias Ethernet ua haujlwm txog li 100 meters, tab sis cov sensors nyob ntau ntxiv. Tseeb tiag, qhov no tau siv los ua teeb meem. Tab sis 802.3cg ua haujlwm ntawm qhov deb txog li 1 km! Ib khub ntawm ib lub sijhawm! Tsis phem?
Qhov tseeb, txawm zoo dua: lub zog kuj tuaj yeem muab los ntawm tib khub. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb yuav pib.
IEEE 802.3bu Fais Fab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kab (PoDL)
Kuv xav tias nej coob leej tau hnov ββtxog PoE (Power over Ethernet) thiab paub tias 2 khub ntawm cov xov hlau xav tau los xa hluav taws xob. Lub zog tawm tswv yim / tso zis yog ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm transformers ntawm txhua khub. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav siv ib khub. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum ua nws txawv. Yuav ua li cas raws nraim yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no. Piv txwv li, classic PoE kuj tau ntxiv.
Ntawm no:
PSE - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (cov khoom siv hluav taws xob)
PD - cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob (cov khoom siv deb kawg uas siv hluav taws xob)
Thaum pib, 802.3bu muaj 10 chav kawm fais fab:
Peb cov pa gradations ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov xim: 12, 24 thiab 48V.
Lus dab neeg:
Vpse β fais fab mov voltage, V
Vpd min - qhov tsawg kawg nkaus voltage ntawm PD, V
I max - qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no hauv kab, A
Ppd max - qhov siab tshaj plaws siv hluav taws xob PD, W
Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm 802.3cg raws tu qauv, 6 chav kawm ntxiv tau ntxiv:
Tau kawg, nrog rau qhov sib txawv no, PSE thiab PD yuav tsum pom zoo rau chav kawm fais fab ua ntej siv qhov hluav taws xob tag nrho. Qhov no yog ua tiav siv SCCP (Serial Communications Classification Protocol). Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ceev ceev (333 bps) raws li 1-Wire. Nws tsuas yog ua haujlwm thaum lub zog tseem ceeb tsis nkag rau hauv kab (xws li hauv hom pw tsaug zog).
Daim duab thaiv qhia tau hais tias lub zog tau txais li cas:
- Tam sim no ntawm 10mA tau muab thiab kuaj pom muaj 4V zener diode ntawm qhov kawg.
- chav kawm fais fab tau pom zoo
- lub zog loj yog muab
- Yog tias kev noj qis dua 10mA, pw tsaug zog yog qhib (siv lub zog sawv ntsug 3.3V)
- Yog tias qhov kev siv ntau tshaj 1mA, txoj kev pw tsaug zog tawm
Tsis tas yuav pom zoo rau chav kawm zaub mov yog tias nws paub ua ntej. Qhov kev xaiv no hu ua Fast Startup Mode. Nws yog siv, piv txwv li, hauv tsheb, vim tsis tas yuav hloov qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.
PSE thiab PD tuaj yeem pib pw tsaug zog.
Tam sim no cia peb mus rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov chaw. Nws kuj tseem nthuav nyob rau ntawd: tus qauv txhais ob hom kev ua haujlwm - ntev thiab luv luv.
10BASE-T1L
Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv mus ntev. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
- qhov siab - mus txog 1 km
- 18AWG (0.8mm2)
- mus txog 10 intermediate connectors (thiab ob lub davhlau ya nyob twg connectors)
- point-to-point operating hom
- puv duplex
- cim tus nqi 7.5 Mbaud
- PAM-3 modulation, 4B3T encoding
- teeb liab nrog amplitude 1V (1Vpp) lossis 2.4V
- Kev Txhawb Zog Ethernet (" ntsiag to / refresh" EEE).
Obviously, qhov kev xaiv no yog npaj rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, lub tsev automation, elevators. Rau kev tswj cov chillers, cua txias, thiab kiv cua nyob ntawm lub ru tsev. Los yog cua sov boilers thiab twj tso kua mis nyob rau hauv cov chav technical. Ntawd yog, muaj ntau yam kev siv sib txawv dua li kev lag luam. Tsis txhob hais txog Internet ntawm Yam (IoT).
Nws tsim nyog hais tias 10BASE-T1 tsuas yog ib qho ntawm Ib Leeg Pair Ethernet (SPE) cov qauv. Kuj tseem muaj 100BASE-T1 (802.3bw) thiab 1000BASE-T1 (802.3bp). Muaj tseeb, lawv tau tsim los rau kev siv tsheb, yog li qhov ntau tsuas yog 15 (UTP) lossis 40 meters (STP). Txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm twb suav nrog qhov ntev 100BASE-T1L. Yog li yav tom ntej lawv yuav ntxiv nws pib-kev sib tham ntawm kev ceev.
Lub sijhawm no, kev sib koom tes tsis yog siv - "ceev pib" ntawm lub interface tau tshaj tawm: tsawg dua 100ms los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau qhov pib pauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv (xaiv tau) yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj qhov sib kis tau los ntawm 1 mus rau 2.4V txhawm rau txhim kho lub teeb liab-rau-lub suab sib piv, txo qhov yuam kev, thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam.
Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, EEE. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kaw lub transmitter yog tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau lub sijhawm tam sim no. Daim duab qhia tias qhov no zoo li cas:
Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv - peb xa cov lus "Kuv mus pw" thiab disconnect. Qee lub sij hawm peb sawv thiab xa cov lus "Kuv tseem nyob ntawm no." Thaum cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim, sab nraud yog ceeb toom "Kuv tabtom sawv" thiab kev sib kis pib. Ntawd yog, tsuas yog cov neeg txais yuav ua haujlwm tas li.
Tam sim no cia saib dab tsi lawv tuaj nrog lub thib ob version ntawm tus qauv.
10BASE-T1S
Twb tau los ntawm tsab ntawv kawg nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov no yog cov txheej txheem rau luv luv. Tab sis vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau yog tias T1L ua haujlwm ntawm qhov luv luv? Nyeem cov yam ntxwv:
- muaj li 15m hauv point-to-point mode
- duplex los yog ib nrab duplex
- ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ 24-26AWG (0.2-0.13ΠΌΠΌ2)
- cim tus nqi 12.5 Mbaud
- DME, coding 4B5B
- teeb liab nrog amplitude 1V (1Vpp)
- mus txog 4 intermediate connectors (thiab ob lub davhlau ya nyob twg connectors)
- tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa EEE
Zoo li tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb. Yog li nws yog dab tsi? Tab sis rau qhov no:
- ntau txog 25m hauv ntau hom (txog 8 pob)
Thiab qhov no:
- Kev khiav hauj lwm hom nrog kev sib tsoo zam kev sib tsoo PLCA RS (PHY-Level Collision Avoidance Reconciliation Sublayer)
Thiab qhov no yog qhov nthuav ntau dua, puas yog? Vim pab txo qis cov xov hlau hauv cov khoom tswj, tshuab, neeg hlau, thiab tsheb. Thiab twb muaj cov lus pom zoo los siv nws los hloov I2C hauv servers, keyboards thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Tab sis multipoint hom muaj nws drawbacks. Lub ntsiab yog ib qho kev sib koom cov ntaub ntawv kis nruab nrab. Tau kawg, kev sib tsoo raug daws siv CSMA/CD. Tab sis nws tsis paub tias qhov ncua sij hawm yuav ua li cas. Thiab rau qee qhov kev siv no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus qauv tshiab, multipoint tau ntxiv nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb PLCA RS hom (saib tshooj tom ntej).
Qhov thib ob drawback yog tias PoDL tsis ua hauj lwm hauv multipoint. Ntawd yog, lub zog yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm ib qho kev sib cais los yog coj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv hom point-to-point, PoDL kuj ua haujlwm ntawm T1S.
PLCA RS
Hom no ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:
- nodes faib cov cim ntawm lawv tus kheej, cov node nrog ID = 0 dhau los ua tus tswj hwm
- tus neeg saib xyuas teeb tsa BEACON teeb liab rau lub network, qhia txog qhov pib ntawm lub voj voog kis tshiab thiab xa nws cov ntaub ntawv pob.
- Tom qab xa cov ntaub ntawv pob ntawv, cov kab sib kis tau txav mus rau qhov chaw tom ntej
- Yog hais tias lub node tsis tau pib kis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau mus rau kis 20 ntsis, lub queue tsiv mus rau lub tom ntej node.
- thaum tag nrho cov nodes tau kis cov ntaub ntawv (los yog hla lawv lem), tus coordinator pib lub voj voog tshiab
Feem ntau nws zoo li TDMA. Tab sis nrog lub peculiarity uas cov node tsis siv nws lub sij hawm ncej yog hais tias nws tsis muaj dab tsi mus kis. Thiab tus ncej loj tsis yog nruj me ntsis txhais, vim ... nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pob ntawv xa los ntawm cov node. Thiab nws txhua tus khiav saum tus qauv 802.3 Ethernet thav duab (PLCA RS yog xaiv tau, yog li yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo).
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv PLCA yog qhia hauv qab no hauv cov duab. Thawj yog qhov ncua sij hawm nyob ntawm qhov thauj khoom, qhov thib ob yog qhov kev hla dhau nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov kis tau tus mob. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias qhov ncua sij hawm tau dhau los ua qhov xav tau ntau dua. Thiab qhov phem tshaj plaws nws yog 2 qhov kev txiav txim siab tsawg dua li qhov phem tshaj CSMA / CD:
Thiab lub peev xwm channel nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm PLCA yog siab dua, vim tsis siv rau kev daws kev sib tsoo:
Cov Txuas Lus
Thaum pib, peb xaiv los ntawm 6 connector kev xaiv muab los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txiav txim siab ntawm ob txoj kev xaiv no:
Rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, CommScope's IEC 63171-1 LC connector raug xaiv.
Rau ib puag ncig hnyav - IEC 63171-6 (yav tas los 61076-3-125) txuas tsev neeg los ntawm HARTING. Cov connectors no yog tsim los rau qib kev tiv thaiv los ntawm IP20 txog IP67.
Tau kawg, connectors thiab cables tuaj yeem yog UTP lossis STP.
Lwm yam
Koj tuaj yeem siv plaub-pair Ethernet cable tsis tu ncua, siv txhua khub rau ib qho SPE channel cais. Yog li tsis txhob rub plaub cais cables nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb. Los yog siv ib leeg-pair cable, thiab nruab ib-pair Ethernet hloov ntawm qhov kawg.
Lossis koj tuaj yeem txuas qhov kev hloov no ncaj qha mus rau kev lag luam hauv zos network, yog tias lub network twb tau txuas ntxiv mus ntev ntawm fiber ntau optics. Muab cov sensors tso rau hauv nws, thiab nyeem cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm lawv ntawm no. Ncaj nraim ntawm lub network. Tsis muaj interface converters thiab rooj vag.
Thiab cov no tsis tas yuav tsum yog sensors. Tej zaum yuav muaj cov koob yees duab video, intercoms lossis ntse teeb qhov muag teev. Tsav ntawm ib co li qub los yog turnstiles ntawm qhov nkag.
Yog li cov kev cia siab tau qhib qhov nthuav. Nws tsis zoo li, qhov tseeb, SPE yuav hloov tag nrho cov tsheb npav. Tab sis nws yuav muab ib qho ncaj ncees tawm ntawm lawv. Muaj tseeb hauv tsheb.
PS Kuv tsis tau pom cov ntawv ntawm tus qauv hauv kev tshaj tawm pej xeem. Cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no tau sau los ntawm ib qho los ntawm ntau yam kev nthuav qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv Internet. Yog li yuav muaj qhov tsis raug hauv nws.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com