Qhov no yog qhov thib ob ntawm "series" txog Lavxias tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm IT los txhim kho nws hauv ntau qhov chaw. Rau cov neeg uas tsis tau nyeem nws, kuv xav kom pib nrog . Kuv yuav ceeb toom rau koj tam sim ntawd tias tsab xov xwm no tsis yog hais txog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ncauj lus rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev thiab tsis yog hais txog kev sib ntaus ntawm "jocks" thiab "nerds." Nws feem ntau yog hais txog kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua haujlwm. Thaum kawg - ib daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas me me.
Tsis lees paub: Kuv sau figuratively, ntawm qhov ntev, thiab qee zaum nws nkag mus rau hauv radicalism. Conservatives ntawm tag nrho cov kab txaij tsis pom zoo kom nyeem. Tsis txhob hais tom qab uas koj tsis tau ceeb toom. Koj puas tau npaj ntxiv me ntsis radicalism rau koj lub neej txhua hnub?
Plaub caug xyoo dhau los nws tawm tuaj , tus ncej uas tau ua haujlwm ua CDPV rau qhov kev tshaj tawm no. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws scenes, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm ib tug ua cim ua si los ntawm lub ci ntsa iab , cov nuances ntawm tib neeg qhov xwm txheej tau pom zoo: "Txhua tus neeg muaj lub pob ..." Kuv xav ua kev zoo siab rau cov neeg uas qhia kuv txoj kev xav rau daim duab no rau hnub tseem ceeb thiab pom qee qhov "khawm" ntawm cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab general. kev kawm ntawv.
Kev tawm dag zog lub cev - rau txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv
Nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog kev kawm niaj hnub hauv tsev kawm ntawv yam tsis muaj phau ntawv. Thiab nws yog lawm. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, kho nyob rau hauv ib tug tangible nruab nrab, tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm irreversible lag nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm tej zaum yuav tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Phau ntawv qhia ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nco qab cov ncauj lus uas tau hais tseg thiab paub txog cov uas yuav los tom ntej, thiab muab kev taw qhia rau lub moj khaum ntawm txoj kev kawm rau cov niam txiv.
Hauv kev nkag siab dav, cov phau ntawv tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog kev qhia ntawv. Cov no yog txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam ntawm cov ncauj lus, npaj rau hauv txoj kev sau ntawv: los ntawm cov phau ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntawv qhia txog cov phau ntawv teeb meem thiab cov lus sau tseg. Lawv txoj kev sib txawv thiab ntau haiv neeg tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua raws li kev nplua nuj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tsev neeg tau loj hlob, thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm ntawm kev lag luam ntawm "txhua yam thiab txhua yam," lawv cov lej tau mus txog qhov tsis muaj kev txwv tiag tiag.
Tej zaum qhov piv txwv pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv uas cov phau ntawv tsis yog ib txwm siv yog kev kawm lub cev (aka "kev kawm lub cev"). Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, cov phau ntawv hauv tsev kawm ua haujlwm rau nws thiab.
Cov phau ntawv yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab hauv tsev. Tsis yog txhua tus muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm muaj ob phau ntawv kawm. Tsis yog txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm faib chaw rau khaws cia. Yog li ntawd, raws li txoj cai, cov menyuam kawm ntawv raug yuam kom "nqa" phau ntawv kawm, ib hnub dhau ib hnub thiab xyoo tom qab xyoo, "tso" lub zog thiab kev ua siab ntev. Cov hnab hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov hnab ntim txhua yam tau dhau los ua tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev xyaum ua haujlwm. Qhov kev mus pw hav zoov thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi "khoom siv" yog tib txoj hauv kev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm "dawb" nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw thaum twg thiab qhov twg cov khaub ncaws tsev kawm raug tshem tawm.
Cov niam txiv uas muaj kev paub paub paub tias phau ntawv kawm (txawm tias qhov dav dav) tsis yog txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau "nqa mus." Kev sau ntawv, kos duab thiab kos duab cov khoom siv, ib txheej ntawm plasticine, hloov khau, khau kis las thiab hnav khaub ncaws rau "kev cob qhia lub cev", aprons, robes thiab oversleeves rau "kev ua haujlwm", xuas tes ua los ntawm txhua yam khoom siv tes ua, qauv thiab lwm yam "herbariums", skates thiab skis nrog ncej hauv lub caij ntuj no, qee zaum kuj yog "khoom noj txom ncauj" - txhua yam me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum nqa mus thiab los ntawm lawv qhov chaw kawm. Nyob rau lwm hnub, qhov tshwj xeeb thauj khoom ntawm tus neeg tseem loj hlob, cuam tshuam rau nws lub cev qhov hnyav, tuaj yeem tshaj li qub "tag nrho loadout" parameter rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb npaj kom xa rov qab cov yeeb ncuab kab.
Thiab qhov no tsis suav nrog qhov hnyav "tawm-tsev kawm ntawv". Yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam tseem mus kawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag los yog (raws li apotheosis ntawm qhov piv txwv) kev cob qhia hockey, thiab nws tsis muaj sij hawm mus "khiav tsev," ces raws li cov Loos hais tias: .
Kev tawm dag zog tus kheej rau cov uas muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb
Hmoov zoo, peb tus neeg muaj peev xwm Rospotrebnadzor tsis tsaug zog thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Nws txawm ib ntus tias muaj SanPiNs uas tsim ΠΈ . Cov kev cai nruj me ntsis no piav qhia txog qhov "zoo tagnrho" ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias.
Los ntawm cov qauv peb kawm tau hais tias qhov hnyav ntawm phau ntawv qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 500 grams. Kev paub ntawm tus kheej qhia tias qhov no yog kwv yees li qhov tseeb. Ntawd yog, phau ntawv lawv tus kheej feem ntau hnyav ib ncig 300 grams, tab sis thaum ntxiv phau ntawv thiab npog rau lawv, txhua yam haum rau ib nrab ntawm ib qho kev kawm. Muab faib los ntawm qhov nruab nrab tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus qhia hauv ib hnub. Peb tau txais qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm "lub nra ntawm kev paub" ntawm peb kilograms.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov pom zoo thiab qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnab ev ntawv kawm tiav yog teem rau ntawm 10% thiab 15% ntawm tus menyuam lub cev hnyav, raws li. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom tias tus me nyuam kawm ntawv, qhov nyuaj nws yuav ua tau raws li cov qauv no. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj them sai sai rau qhov tseeb tias nws yog cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tub ntxhais kawm uas yog cov feem ntau "kev mloog lus hauv tsev kawm ntawv" hais txog kev hnav txhua yam cwj mem, folders, hloov, suits thiab khoom siv.
Tej zaum koj txhua tus paub tias tsis yog txhua "kev tshaj tawm kev kawm," txawm tias nws yuav huv npaum li cas, tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv nyeem. Tseeb, peb muaj , uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Ministry of Education. Daim ntawv teev npe hu ua "federal" vim tias tseem muaj "regional" cov npe zoo sib xws. Hauv txoj kev xav, tsoomfwv cov npe suav nrog tag nrho cov npe hauv cheeb tsam no, txawm tias tsis muaj nyob hauv qhov no qhia meej tsis tau sau. Kuv yeej tsis muaj peev xwm nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov muaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam cov npe ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm li cas los xij ntawm tsoomfwv cov npe raug tsim los, nws tsis tuaj yeem raug cai txwv tsis pub lub tsev kawm ntawv siv cov phau ntawv los ntawm nws.
Tseem muaj "yooj yim" cov koom haum pom zoo los luam tawm cov phau ntawv. Tsis muaj kev ywj pheej hauv cheeb tsam tau muab rau ntawm no lawm (txawm tias cov qauv zoo li hauv phau ntawv nyeem). Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no yog tias nws tsis suav nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom (tej zaum lawv qhov kev hloov pauv tas li tsis tso cai rau qhov no), tab sis kev tsim khoom nws tus kheej.
Nrog kev tshawb nrhiav me ntsis, koj yuav pom tias tib yam mus rau cov npe. . "Ntxhais lus" tias feem ntau ntawm cov npe yog nyob hauv feem ntau los ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm qee qhov . Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav, tshwj xeeb yog them rau Txhua xyoo tsoomfwv siv nyiaj rau kev yuav cov phau ntawv thiab phau ntawv qhia yog 20-25 billion rubles.
Nws puas muaj "lub tshuab xam zauv"?
Raws li nws sau, Vajtswv foom koob hmoov rau nws, ib tug nyob classic ntawm Soviet-Russian satire nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws " imperishables ": Wb sim ua li tus tub muaj peev xwm no.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Russia, uas yog ΠΈ , tuaj yeem kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm 18 lab tus tib neeg. Nrog rau kev suav yooj yim, peb pom tias lub xeev txhua xyoo siv kwv yees li 1100-1400 rubles rau kev muab cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm rau txhua chav ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem kev kawm. Lawm, cov nyiaj no tsis txaus los hloov kho "kev kawm thiab qiv nyiaj." Los ntawm Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev qiv ntawv tiag tiag, lawv cov ntawv sau thiab phau ntawv qhia tsuas yog hloov kho los ntawm 20-25% ib xyoos. Nws hloov tawm tias lub xeev tau hloov kho lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntawv luam tawm tag nrho kwv yees li plaub xyoos. Tab sis tseem, ntau zaus, cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau yuav cov phau ntawv thiab phau ntawv.
Rau qee lub sijhawm tam sim no cov phau ntawv muaj daim ntawv hluav taws xob hauv pej xeem. Xws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, hauv nws tus kheej yog qhov kev vam meej hauv kev ua kom muaj kev paub txog cov pej xeem. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj qhov chaw khaws lawv cov phau ntawv kawm tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau lawv lub hnab ev ntawv me me. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li peb paub, pej xeem muaj thiab pub dawb yog ob yam sib txawv. Thiab tus me nyuam lub hnab ev ntawv lub teeb tseem yuav raug nqi nyiaj rau niam txiv.
Vim li cas tus neeg tsim cai lij choj tau nres ntawm ib nrab ntsuas thiab tsis yuam kom muaj feem tseem ceeb ntawm "zoo li dawb" kev kawm dav dav kom pub dawb rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv (thiab leej twg xav tau qhov no?) yog ib lo lus nug loj rau kuv tus kheej. Qhov no yuav ua rau ntau tus menyuam kawm ntawv thiab lawv niam lawv txiv lub neej yooj yim dua, yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, raws li peb tam sim no paub, cov tshaj tawm uas tsis yog txhua tus neeg pluag ntawm lawv cov nuj nqis.
Thiab feem ntau, cov billions ntawm rubles tuaj yeem thiab, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, yuav tsum tau siv ntau tshaj li kev them nyiaj rau kev hloov pauv ntoo rau hauv cov ntawv pov tseg. Thaum kawg, rau ib tug me nyuam tub los ua "muaj peev xwm" raws li nyob rau hauv Mikhail Mikhailovich txoj hauj lwm, ib tug neeg yuav tsum muab nws ib tug "xws li tshuab", vim hais tias nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm ib phau ntawv. Nws ua rau kev nkag siab yooj yim muab txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ib ntsiav tshuaj dawb, lossis zoo dua, lub laptop puv puv.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub ncauj lus tau pom los ntawm lub hli dhau los ntawm kev kawm nyob deb hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm no feem ntau cov tshaj tawm tau tso tseg thiab qhib kev nkag mus rau lawv cov phau ntawv siv hluav taws xob dawb, qhov no tsis tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov xav tau rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm kom muaj txoj hauv kev "kev sib txuas lus hauv computer nrog tus kws qhia." Hauv tsev neeg loj, qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog.
Cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm tsev kawm ntawv xov xwm
Kuv yeej tsis yog thawj tus tuaj nrog lub tswv yim pom tseeb. Thiab txawm tias qee lub sijhawm, peb cov xov xwm feem ntau hais txog "tsev kawm ntawv" ntsiav tshuaj project tau tsim. qhov hais, raws li cov ntsiav tshuaj tsim tawm, yog qhov tseeb dhau lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev los no tsis muaj dab tsi tau hnov ββββtxog qhov kev nce qib thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov ntsiav tshuaj hauv tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias.
Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias Russia muaj qee yam kev lag luam hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem thiab lwm yam "Ultra-loj sib xyaw circuits." Thiab ntau lab daus las batch ntawm cov khoos phis tawj tsim tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua lub zog zoo rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Lub tsev kawm ntawv lub khoos phis tawj tsis xav tau "sab saum toj" yam ntxwv, thiab peb cov khoom siv microelectronic yeej xav tau kev nqis peev.
Thiab yog tias koj tsis thab nrog kev hloov pauv, tsawg kawg tam sim no muaj cov qauv tsim nyog thiab pheej yig ntawm cov khoos phis tawj siv tau ntau yam thiab hom uas tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Ib ntsiav tshuaj zoo ntawm Yandex.Market tuaj yeem yuav los ntawm 2 txhiab rubles, uas yog, yuav luag tus nqi ntawm tsoomfwv txhua xyoo rau ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv, thiab lub laptop zoo - los ntawm 12 txhiab rubles. Thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav sib dua li peb kilograms. Tau kawg, koj tseem yuav tau siv nyiaj ntawm cov software tsim nyog. Hmoov zoo, lub teb chaws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg tsim software ntau dua li kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv computer.
Tej zaum nws yuav ua rau kev txiav txim siab sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv computer rau cov qib kawm sib txawv. Tej zaum nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, lossis, raws li tam sim no feem ntau hu ua, thawj theem, koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj uas muaj tsawg heev "nyeem ntawv" ua haujlwm. Tab sis pib ntawm theem thib ob, thaum cov menyuam yaus pib kawm computer science thiab npaj cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg, lub khoos phis tawj siv tau yuav tsum muaj cov haujlwm tsim nyog. Nws tseem tuaj yeem yog ntsiav tshuaj, tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj tag nrho cov suite ntawm cov ntawv thov chaw ua haujlwm. Yog tias peb xav kom peb cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm ib lub hnub nyoog kom nkag siab tag nrho cov hauv paus ntawm "kev lag luam digital" cov haujlwm, tom qab lub hnub nyoog no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab lawv pov tseg lub laptop puv nrog cov cuab yeej tsim kho rau lawv kawm.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm kev tsis nyeem ntawv thiab ua kom muaj kev vam meej hauv "kev lag luam" hauv 20s thiab 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws yuav tsum tau (yuav luag yuam) zaum ntawm rooj thiab muab cov phau ntawv. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsis muaj peev xwm kov yeej qhov uas peb cov thawj coj suav tias yog "kev lag luam analog" thiab ua kom muaj kev vam meej hauv "digitalization" yam tsis tau ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm IT kev cob qhia thiab cov khoom siv computer.
Koj xav li cas txog qhov no? Hauv qab no, raws li kuv tau cog lus tseg, yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb me me. Thov xaiv cov lus teb uas nyob ze koj tshaj plaws rau txhua lo lus nug.
Tsuas yog cov neeg siv sau npe tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas. thov.
Puas yog tsoomfwv siv nyiaj txaus los yuav cov phau ntawv "dawb"?
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27,7%Kuv tsis pom ib qho twg hauv kev yuav lawv txhua.26
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13,8%Ntau tshaj. Peb yuav tau txiav rov qab.13
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17,0%Heev. Cia li yog.16
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41,5%Tsis txaus. Peb xav tau ntau.39
94 cov neeg siv pov npav. 50 cov neeg siv txwv tsis pub siv.
Lub xeev puas yuav tsum muaj kev nkag tau dawb rau cov phau ntawv hauv hluav taws xob?
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99,3%Tau kawg. Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv pej xeem txaus siab.140
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0,7%Tsis muaj teeb meem. Qhov no yog kev lag luam degradation.1
141 cov neeg siv pov npav. 16 cov neeg siv txwv tsis pub siv.
Puas yuav tsum tau hloov cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj uas siv tau?
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27,9%Yog, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kawm niaj hnub.38
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30,2%Yog, nws yooj yim thiab siv tau.41
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8,8%Yog, nws yuav cawm ntoo.12
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11,8%Tsis yog, lawv tsuas yuav cuam tshuam.16
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8,8%Tsis yog, nws tsis zoo.12
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12,5%Tsis yog, lawv yuav tawg nws (poob nws) lawm.17
136 cov neeg siv pov npav. 19 cov neeg siv txwv tsis pub siv.
Tus nqi yuav tsum tau yuav cov khoos phis tawj rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv li cas?
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26,3%Xeev. Ntxiv rau phau ntawv.36
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46,7%Xeev. Hloov cov phau ntawv.64
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13,1%Tsev neeg. Tom qab tag nrho, cov no yog lawv cov menyuam.18
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13,9%Vim tsis muaj leej twg xav tau. Kuv tawm tsam lawv lub xub ntiag.19
137 cov neeg siv pov npav. 22 cov neeg siv tau txwv.
Yog tias koj yuav cov khoos phis tawj uas siv tau rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm lub xeev pob nyiaj siv, hom twg?
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7,6%pheej yig kom txuag.10
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15,3%Kev tsim khoom hauv tsev los txhawb nws.20
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77,1%βUnkillableβ kom lawv pab tau ntev.101
131 cov neeg siv pov npav. 22 cov neeg siv txwv tsis pub siv.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com