Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Microsoft thiab University of Washington tau ua pov thawj thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm siab, nyeem tau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau cov khoom tsim DNA. Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev hloov cov thev naus laus zis tshiab los ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb mus rau cov chaw lag luam cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov neeg tsim khoom tau ua pov thawj lub tswv yim nrog kev sim yooj yim: lawv tau ua tiav cov lus "nyob zoo" rau hauv cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv DNA molecule thiab hloov nws rov qab rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv digital siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab kawg-rau-kawg, uas tau piav qhia hauv , luam tawm Lub Peb Hlis 21 hauv Nature Scientific Reports.
DNA molecules tuaj yeem khaws cov ntaub ntawv digital ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siab heev, hauv lub cev uas muaj ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab me dua uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov lus cog tseg rau kev khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv ntau hauv ntiaj teb tsim txhua hnub, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lag luam thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov tsiaj ntxim hlub mus rau cov duab kho mob thiab cov duab los ntawm qhov chaw.
Microsoft tab tom tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txuas lub peev xwm sib txawv ntawm thiab peb xav khaws cia, thiab peb lub peev xwm khaws cia lawv. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev txhim kho algorithms thiab molecular xam technologies rau . Qhov no yuav tso cai rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv qhov chaw loj cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub kom haum rau hauv qhov chaw kwv yees qhov loj ntawm ntau cov tsuav.
"Peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tsim ib qho system uas, rau cov neeg siv kawg, yuav zoo ib yam li lwm cov huab cia: cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus rau qhov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv thiab khaws cia rau ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tsuas tshwm sim thaum tus neeg siv xav tau nws, β hais tias Sr. Microsoft tus kws tshawb fawb Karin Strauss. "Yuav ua li no, peb yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj tias nws ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm automation."
Cov ntaub ntawv yog khaws cia rau hauv cov khoom siv DNA molecules tsim hauv chav kuaj, tsis yog nyob rau hauv DNA ntawm tib neeg lossis lwm yam muaj sia, thiab tuaj yeem muab zais ua ntej xa mus rau qhov system. Txawm hais tias cov cav tov nyuaj xws li synthesizers thiab sequencers twb ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem, ntau ntawm cov kauj ruam nruab nrab muaj txog tam sim no yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj. "Nws tsis haum rau kev lag luam siv," said Chris Takahashi, tus kws tshawb fawb laus ntawm Paul Allen Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Computer Science thiab Engineering ntawm USF ().
"Koj tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov neeg khiav ncig lub chaw cov ntaub ntawv nrog pipettes, nws ua rau tib neeg yuam kev, nws kim dhau thiab nws siv ntau qhov chaw," Takahashi piav qhia.
Rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia no kom paub txog kev lag luam, cov nqi ntawm ob qho tib si DNA synthesis-tsim lub hauv paus tsev blocks ntawm lub ntsiab lus sib lawv liag-thiab cov txheej txheem sequencing xav tau los nyeem cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg yuav tsum raug txo. Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias qhov no yog qhov kev taw qhia .
Automation yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab dhos ua si, ua cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm kev lag luam thiab pheej yig dua, raws li Microsoft cov kws tshawb fawb.
Raws li qee qhov xwm txheej, DNA tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev dua li niaj hnub archival storage systems, uas degrade ntau xyoo lawm. Qee cov DNA tau tswj kom muaj sia nyob hauv cov xwm txheej tsawg tshaj li qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kaum tawm txhiab xyoo - hauv cov pob txha loj thiab hauv cov pob txha ntawm tib neeg thaum ntxov. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem khaws cia li no ntev npaum li tib neeg muaj.
Lub automated DNA cia system siv software tsim los ntawm Microsoft thiab University of Washington (UW). Nws hloov cov lej thiab xoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv digital mus rau hauv cov kab ke ntawm nucleotides (A, T, C thiab G), uas yog "lub tsev thaiv" ntawm DNA. Lub kaw lus tom qab ntawd siv cov khoom pheej yig, feem ntau yog tawm ntawm lub txee, cov khoom siv hauv chav kuaj los muab cov kua dej tsim nyog thiab cov tshuaj reagents rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws, uas khaws cov khoom tsim DNA thiab muab tso rau hauv lub thawv cia.
Thaum lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws ntxiv lwm yam tshuaj los npaj cov DNA kom zoo thiab siv cov twj microfluidic los thawb cov kua rau hauv cov kab ke uas nyeem cov kab ke ntawm DNA molecules thiab hloov lawv rov qab rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas lub computer tuaj yeem nkag siab. Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov project tsis yog los ua pov thawj tias lub kaw lus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sai lossis pheej yig, tab sis tsuas yog qhia tias kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tau.
Ib qho txiaj ntsig pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab DNA automated khaws cia yog tias nws tso cov kws tshawb fawb los daws cov teeb meem nyuaj yam tsis tau nkim sij hawm nrhiav cov fwj ntawm cov tshuaj reagents lossis cov monotony ntawm kev ntxiv cov tee dej rau hauv cov kav dej.
"Muaj lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg los ua cov haujlwm rov ua dua tso cai rau cov chaw sim tsom ncaj qha rau kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim cov tswv yim tshiab los tsim kho sai dua," Microsoft tus kws tshawb fawb Bihlin Nguyen tau hais.
Pab neeg los ntawm Laboratory of Molecular Information Systems (MISL) twb tau qhia tias nws tuaj yeem khaws cov duab ntawm miv, cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev, thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv DNA thiab rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv no yam tsis muaj qhov yuam kev. Txog hnub tim, lawv tau khaws 1 gigabyte ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv DNA, ntaus .
Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau tsim txoj hauv kev rau xws li nrhiav thiab khaws cov duab xwb uas muaj cov kua los yog lub tsheb kauj vab ntsuab uas siv cov molecules lawv tus kheej, tsis tas yuav hloov cov ntaub ntawv rov qab mus rau hom digital.
"Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los hais tias peb tab tom pom kev yug los ntawm hom tshiab ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, uas cov molecules tau siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev tswj thiab ua. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no qhib qhov muaj peev xwm nthuav dav rau yav tom ntej, "hais tias Allen School tus xibfwb ntawm University of Washington. .
Tsis zoo li silicon-based suav tshuab, DNA-raws li khaws cia thiab suav tshuab yuav tsum siv cov kua dej txav mus rau cov molecules. Tab sis cov kua muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab xav tau cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab.
Pab pawg University of Washington, koom tes nrog Microsoft, tseem tab tom tsim lub programmable system uas automates laboratory thwmsim los ntawm kev siv cov khoom ntawm hluav taws xob thiab dej txav cov tee rau ntawm daim phiaj electrodes. Ib qho ua tiav ntawm software thiab kho vajtse hu ua , tuaj yeem sib tov, sib cais, cua sov lossis txias ntau yam kua thiab ua cov txheej txheem kuaj.
Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau ua kom cov kev sim hauv chav sim uas tam sim no tau ua manually lossis los ntawm cov khoom siv ua kua kim thiab txo cov nqi.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej rau pab pawg MISL suav nrog kev sib koom ua ke ib qho yooj yim, kawg-rau-kawg automated system nrog cov thev naus laus zis xws li Purple Drop, nrog rau lwm cov thev naus laus zis uas pab tshawb nrhiav DNA molecules. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav txhob txwm ua rau lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg hloov pauv kom nws tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau DNA synthesis, sib txuas thiab tswj tau tshwm sim.
"Ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kab ke no yog tias peb xav hloov ib qho ntawm cov khoom tshiab, zoo dua lossis sai dua, peb tuaj yeem txuas rau qhov tshiab," Nguyen hais. "Qhov no ua rau peb yooj yim dua rau yav tom ntej."
Cov duab saum toj kawg nkaus: Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Microsoft thiab University of Washington tau sau thiab suav lo lus "nyob zoo", siv thawj qhov kev siv tag nrho DNA cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia. Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev txav cov thev naus laus zis tshiab los ntawm cov chaw sim mus rau cov chaw lag luam cov ntaub ntawv.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com