Kev daws teeb meem kev khiav hauj lwm qhov teeb meem khau raj ntawm servers yam tsis muaj KVM tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Peb tsim KVM-dhau-IP rau peb tus kheej ntawm cov duab rov qab thiab lub tshuab virtual.
Thaum muaj teeb meem nrog lub operating system , tus thawj coj rub tawm cov duab rov qab thiab ua haujlwm tsim nyog. Txoj kev no ua haujlwm zoo thaum paub txog qhov ua rau tsis ua haujlwm, thiab cov duab rov qab thiab kev ua haujlwm tau nruab rau ntawm lub server yog los ntawm tib tsev neeg. Yog tias qhov ua rau tsis ua haujlwm tseem tsis tau paub, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev nce qib ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm lub operating system.
Chaw taws teeb KVM
Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub server console siv cov cuab yeej built-in xws li IPMI lossis Intel® vPro™, lossis los ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud hu ua IP-KVM. Muaj cov xwm txheej uas tag nrho cov txheej txheem teev tseg tsis muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov kawg. Yog hais tias tus neeg rau zaub mov tuaj yeem rov pib dua rau hauv cov duab rov qab raws li Linux kev ua haujlwm, ces KVM-over-IP tuaj yeem txhim kho sai.
Cov duab rov qab yog qhov ua haujlwm puv puv uas nyob hauv RAM. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem khiav txhua yam software, suav nrog cov tshuab virtual (VMs). Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem tso VM nyob rau hauv uas lub server operating system yuav khiav. Kev nkag mus rau VM console tuaj yeem teeb tsa, piv txwv li, ntawm VNC.
Txhawm rau khiav lub server khiav haujlwm hauv VM, koj yuav tsum qhia meej cov server disks li VM disks. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Linux tsev neeg, lub cev disks sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom siv thaiv ntawm daim ntawv / dev / sdX, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog zoo li cov ntaub ntawv li niaj zaus.
Qee qhov hypervisors, xws li QEMU thiab VirtualBox, tso cai rau koj khaws VM cov ntaub ntawv hauv "raws" daim ntawv, uas yog, tsuas yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj hypervisor metadata. Yog li, VM tuaj yeem pib siv lub server lub cev disks.
Txoj kev no yuav tsum muaj peev txheej los tua cov duab rov qab thiab VM hauv nws. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj plaub lossis ntau dua gigabytes ntawm RAM, qhov no yuav tsis muaj teeb meem.
Npaj ib puag ncig
Koj tuaj yeem siv lub teeb yuag thiab yooj yim program ua lub tshuab virtual , uas feem ntau tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov duab rov qab thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau muab tso rau nyias. Cov duab rov qab peb muab rau cov neeg siv khoom yog raws li , uas siv tus neeg saib xyuas pob pacman.
Thawj qhov uas koj yuav tsum tau ua yog kom paub tseeb tias cov duab rov qab yog siv cov software tshiab. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas thiab hloov kho txhua yam OS nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no:
pacman -Suy
Tom qab hloov tshiab, koj yuav tsum nruab QEMU. Lub installation hais kom ua ntawm pacman yuav zoo li no:
pacman -S qemu
Cia peb xyuas tias qemu raug teeb tsa kom raug:
root@sel-rescue ~ # qemu-system-x86_64 --version
QEMU emulator version 4.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
Yog tias txhua yam yog li ntawd, ces cov duab rov qab yog npaj mus.
Pib lub tshuab virtual
Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog tus nqi ntawm cov peev txheej faib rau VM thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau lub cev disks. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, peb yuav faib ob cores thiab ob gigabytes ntawm RAM rau lub tshuab virtual, thiab cov disks nyob ntawm txoj kev. / dev / sda и / dev / sdb. Cia peb pib VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
Ib me ntsis ntxiv txog dab tsi ntawm txhua qhov kev ntsuas txhais tau tias:
- - m 2048 M - faib 2 GB ntawm RAM rau VM;
- -net nic -net neeg siv - ntxiv kev sib txuas yooj yim rau lub network los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas siv NAT (Network Address Translation);
- -enable-kvm - pab kom puv KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine) virtualization;
- -cpu host - peb qhia tus processor virtual kom tau txais tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov processor;
- -M PC - hom khoom siv PC;
- -np 2 - lub virtual processor yuav tsum yog dual-core;
- -vga std - xaiv daim npav video uas tsis txhawb kev daws teeb meem loj loj;
- -drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
- file =/dev/sdX - txoj hauv kev mus rau cov cuab yeej thaiv uas sawv cev rau lub server disk;
- format=raw - peb nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau hauv "raws" daim ntawv, uas yog, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug disk;
- Performance index = 0 - tus lej disk, yuav tsum nce los ntawm ib qho rau txhua qhov txuas tom ntej;
- media = disk - lub tshuab virtual yuav tsum lees paub qhov chaw khaws cia li disk;
- -vnc :0, password - pib VNC server los ntawm lub neej ntawd ntawm 0.0.0.0:5900, siv tus password raws li kev tso cai;
- - saib stdio - kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm thiab qemu yuav tshwm sim los ntawm tus qauv nkag / tso zis ntws.
Yog tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, QEMU saib yuav pib:
QEMU 4.0.0 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu)
Peb tau qhia tias kev tso cai tshwm sim siv tus password, tab sis tsis qhia tus password nws tus kheej. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev xa cov hloov pauv vnc password hais kom ua rau QEMU saib. Lus Cim Tseem Ceeb: Tus password tsis tuaj yeem muaj ntau tshaj yim tus cim.
(qemu) change vnc password
Password: ******
Tom qab no, peb tuaj yeem txuas nrog txhua tus neeg siv VNC, piv txwv li, Remmina, siv tus IP chaw nyob ntawm peb lub server nrog tus password uas peb tau teev tseg.
Tam sim no peb tsis tsuas pom qhov yuam kev ntawm lub sijhawm thauj khoom, tab sis peb kuj tuaj yeem daws nrog lawv.
Thaum koj ua tiav, koj yuav tsum kaw lub tshuab virtual. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv OS los ntawm kev xa cov teeb liab rau kev kaw, lossis los ntawm kev muab cov lus txib system_powerdown hauv QEMU saib. Qhov no yuav sib npaug rau nias lub khawm kaw ib zaug: kev khiav hauj lwm hauv lub tshuab virtual yuav kaw kom zoo.
Kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system installation
Lub tshuab virtual muaj kev nkag mus rau tag nrho cov neeg rau zaub mov disks thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho lub operating system manually. Qhov kev txwv nkaus xwb yog tus nqi ntawm RAM: daim duab ISO tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv RAM ib txwm. Cia peb faib plaub gigabytes ntawm RAM khaws cov duab hauv / mnt:
mount -t tmpfs -o size=4G tmpfs /mnt
Peb tseem yuav rub tawm cov duab teeb tsa ntawm FreeBSD 12.0 operating system:
wget -P /mnt ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/12.0/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
-cdrom /mnt/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
-boot d
Chij -boot d nruab booting los ntawm CD tsav. Peb txuas nrog VNC tus neeg siv khoom thiab pom FreeBSD bootloader.
Txij li thaum tau txais qhov chaw nyob ntawm DHCP tau siv los nkag rau hauv Is Taws Nem, tom qab teeb tsa nws yuav tsim nyog rau khau raj rau hauv lub kaw lus tshiab thiab kho cov teeb tsa network. Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav tsim nyog rau nruab network adapter tsav tsheb, txij li daim npav network tau teeb tsa hauv server thiab ib qho emulated hauv VM txawv.
xaus
Txoj kev no ntawm kev teeb tsa cov chaw taws teeb nkag mus rau lub server console siv qee qhov kev pabcuam server, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis txwv cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm server hardware, thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem siv tau hauv yuav luag txhua yam xwm txheej. Siv qhov kev daws teeb meem no ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev kuaj xyuas software tsis raug thiab rov ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw taws teeb chaw taws teeb.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com