🥇 Quarkus ua ke MicroProfile thiab Caij nplooj ntoos hlav

Nyob zoo txhua tus, ntawm no yog qhov thib peb tshaj tawm hauv Quarkus series!

Thaum tsim Java microservices, nws feem ntau ntseeg tias Dab noj hnub MicroProfile и Caij nplooj ntoos hlav khau raj yog cais thiab ywj siab APIs. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, cov programmers nyiam siv cov APIs uas lawv twb tau siv los lawm, txij li kev kawm cov qauv tshiab thiab cov khoom siv sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav siv sijhawm ntau. Niaj hnub no peb yuav sim ua kom yooj yim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qee qhov nrov MicroProfile API rau Spring developers thiab qhia koj yuav ua li cas ib txhij siv Spring API thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshiab quarkus.

Hauv kev nthuav dav me ntsis, peb yuav xub saib cov peev txheej thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm yuav ua li cas Quarkus txhawb nqa Spring APIs los qhia Spring developers yuav siv MicroProfile API li cas hauv lawv cov haujlwm niaj hnub. Tom qab ntawd peb yuav npog MicroProfile APIs, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Spring developers thaum tsim microservices.

Vim li cas Quarkus? Ua ntej, qhov no yog nyob coding, uas yog, tsis siv neeg reloading ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv MicroProfile API, Spring API thiab lwm yam Java APIs, uas tau ua nrog ib qho lus txib: mvn quarkus: dev. Thib ob, sib tham hauv hauv peb qhov piv txwv Cov neeg pabcuam (uas suav nrog Spring, MicroProfile, thiab JPA APIs rau hauv binary siv cov duab GraalVM haiv neeg) pib hauv 0.055 vib nas this thiab siv li 90 MB ntawm RAM (RSS) ntawm RESTful daim ntawv thov kawg. Ntxiv mus, nws muab tso ua ke nws tus kheej yog ua nrog ib tug hais kom ua: mvn pob -Pnative.

Peb yuav tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog MicroProfile, uas tsis yog los pab Spring developers nkag siab tias lawv tuaj yeem siv Spring APIs li cas nrog MicroProfile APIs hauv Quarkus.

Ntim thiab Kubernetes

Txhawm rau ua kom cov kab lus no yooj yim, peb tsuas yog hais txog cov theem siab ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm no. Kubernetes, vim nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab. Quarkus yog positioned raws li Java pawg rau Kubernetes, nws yog tsim los txo qis kev siv lub cim xeeb thiab lub sij hawm pib ntawm Java daim ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev pab cuam, thiab, raws li tau zoo raws li, nce lawv ceev ntawm tus tswv tsev thiab txo tag nrho cov nqi.

Quarkus thiab txhawb auto tiam Kubernetes cov peev txheej thiab muaj cov lus qhia rau kev xa tawm ntawm Kubernetes thiab Red Hat OpenShift platforms. Tsis tas li ntawd, Quarkus cia li tsim cov Dockerfile.jvm (JVM ntim) thiab Dockerfile.native (native binary ntim) cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los tsim cov ntim.

Thaum kawg, los ntawm kev tsom mus rau Kubernetes raws li lub hom phiaj kev xa tawm ib puag ncig, Quarkus tsis siv Java lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws nyob rau theem ntawm Kubernetes platform nws tus kheej. Table 1 muab ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm sib txuas lus ntawm Kubernetes thiab cov qauv Java siv los ntawm Spring developers.

Table 1. Daim duab qhia kev ua haujlwm ntawm Java lub moj khaum thiab Kubernetes.

Kev ua haujlwm
Ib txwm caij nplooj ntoos hlav khau raj
Kubernetes

Kev pab nrhiav pom
Eureka
DNS

configuration
Spring Cloud Config
Config Maps/Secrets

Ntsuas qhov sib npaug
Ribbon (tus neeg siv khoom sab)
Service, Replication Controller (server side)

Sau thiab khiav cov cai los ntawm qhov piv txwv

Hauv kab lus no peb xa mus piv txwv qhov project, qhov twg lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab MicroProfile APIs thiab txawm tias tib chav Java siv ua ke. Cov cai hauv qhov piv txwv no tuaj yeem muab tso ua ke thiab khiav los ntawm kab hais kom ua, saib cov ntaub ntawv README.md kom paub meej.

Spring Framework APIs

Cawv Raug Txhaj

Quarkus txhawb ntau yam Cov ntsiab lus thiab Kev Txhaum Cai (CDI) APIs thiab Spring Dependency Injection (Spring DI) APIs. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog MicroProfile, Java EE and Jakarta EE, ces koj twb paub CDI heev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Spring developers tuaj yeem siv Quarkus Extension rau Spring DI API kom ua tau raws li Spring DI. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv Spring DI APIs uas txhawb nqa tau muab rau hauv Table 2.

В qhov project los ntawm peb qhov piv txwv Siv ob qho tib si CDI thiab Spring Dependency Txhaj. Yog xav paub ntxiv thiab piv txwv ntawm lub ncauj lus no, saib Quarkus phau ntawv qhia hu ua Caij nplooj ntoos hlav DI Guide.

Table 2. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv Spring DI APIs uas txhawb nqa.

Txhawb Spring DI Nta
piv txwv

Constructor Txhaj

public PersonSpringController(
   PersonSpringRepository personRepository,  // injected      
   PersonSpringMPService personService) {    // injected
      this.personRepository = personRepository;
      this.personService = personService;
}

Kev Txhaj Tshuaj
Autowired
Tus nqi

@Autowired
@RestClient
SalutationRestClient salutationRestClient;

@Value("${fallbackSalutation}")
String fallbackSalutation;

taum
@Configuration

@Configuration
public class AppConfiguration {
   @Bean(name = "capitalizeFunction")
   public StringFunction capitalizer() {
      return String::toUpperCase;
   }
}

tivthaiv

@Component("noopFunction")
public class NoOpSingleStringFunction implements StringFunction {
   @Override
   public String apply(String s) {
      return s;
   }
}

Service

@Service
public class MessageProducer {
   @Value("${greeting.message}")
   String message;

   public String getPrefix() {
      return message;
   }
}

Lub vev xaib

Cov neeg siv MicroProfile yuav nyiam tias Quarkus txhawb nqa JAX-RS, MicroProfile Rest Client, JSON-P, thiab JSON-B ua tus qauv web programming thawj. Cov neeg tsim tawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav txaus siab rau Quarkus 'kev txhawb nqa tsis ntev los no rau Spring Web API, tshwj xeeb REST interfaces. Zoo ib yam li Spring DI, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Spring Web API kev txhawb nqa yog kom cov neeg tsim khoom Spring siv Spring Web APIs nrog rau MicroProfile APIs. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv Spring Web APIs uas txhawb nqa tau muab rau hauv Table 3, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv thiab cov piv txwv ntawm cov ncauj lus no tuaj yeem pom hauv Quarkus cov lus qhia hu ua Spring Web Guide.

Table 3. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv Spring Web APIs uas txhawb nqa.

Txhawb Spring Web Features
piv txwv

@RestController
@RequestMapping

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/person")
public class PersonSpringController {
   ...
   ...
   ...
}

@GetMapping
@PostMapping
@PutMapping
@DeleteMapping
@PatchMapping
@RequestParam
@RequestHeader
@MatrixVariable
@PathVariable
@CookieValue
@RequestBody
@ResponseStatus
@ExceptionHandler
@RestControllerAdvice (ib nrab)

@GetMapping(path = "/greet/{id}",
   produces = "text/plain")
   public String greetPerson(
   @PathVariable(name = "id") long id) {
   ...
   ...
   ...
}

Spring DataJPA

Cov neeg siv MicroProfile kuj tseem yuav txaus siab tias Quarkus txhawb JPA siv Hibernate ORM. Kuj tseem muaj xov xwm zoo rau cov neeg tsim tawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav: Quarkus txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv Caij nplooj ntoos hlav JPA cov lus piav qhia thiab hom. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv Spring Data JPA APIs tau muab rau hauv Table 4.
В qhov project los ntawm peb qhov piv txwv Spring Data JPA APIs tau siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv muaj nyob rau hauv Quarkus kev qhia hu ua Caij nplooj ntoos hlav Data JPA Guide.

Table 4. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv Spring Data JPA APIs.

Txhawb Spring Data JPA Nta
piv txwv

CrudRepository

public interface PersonRepository
         extends JpaRepository,
                 PersonFragment {
   ...
}

Repository
JpaRepository
PagingAndSortingRepository

public class PersonRepository extends 

    Repository {

    Person save(Person entity);

    Optional findById(Person entity);
}

Repository Fragments

public interface PersonRepository
         extends JpaRepository,
                 PersonFragment {
   ...
}

Tau txais cov lus nug

public interface PersonRepository extends CrudRepository {

    List findByName(String name);
    
    Person findByNameBySsn(String ssn);
    
    Optional 
       findByNameBySsnIgnoreCase(String ssn);

    Boolean existsBookByYearOfBirthBetween(
            Integer start, Integer end);
}

Cov lus nug ntawm tus neeg siv

public interface MovieRepository
         extends CrudRepository {

    Movie findFirstByOrderByDurationDesc();

    @Query("select m from Movie m where m.rating = ?1")
    Iterator findByRating(String rating);

    @Query("from Movie where title = ?1")
    Movie findByTitle(String title);
}

MicroProfile APIs

Ua txhaum cai

Fault kam rau ua tsim yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv cascading tsis ua hauj lwm thiab tsim txhim khu kev qha microservice architectures. Cov neeg tsim tawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav tau siv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau kev ua txhaum cai rau ntau xyoo. Hystrix. Txawm li cas los xij, Hystrix tsis tau hloov kho rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis MicroProfile's Fault Tolerance yog tam sim no nquag tsim thiab muaj ntau xyoo ntawm kev siv tom qab nws. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhim kho kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv Quarkus, nws raug nquahu kom siv MicroProfile Fault Tolerance APIs, piv txwv li siv hauv Table 5. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no, saib Quarkus phau ntawv Fault Tolerance Guide.

Table 5. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv txhawb MicroProfile Fault Tolerance APIs.

MicroProfile Fault Tolerance Nta
piav qhia
piv txwv

@Asynchronous

Execute logic nyob rau hauv ib tug cais xov

@Asynchronous
@Retry
public Future<String> getSalutation() {
   ...
   return future;
}

@Bulkhead

Txwv tus naj npawb ntawm kev thov ib txhij

@Bulkhead(5)
public void fiveConcurrent() {
   makeRemoteCall(); //...
}

@CircuitBreaker

Kev tswj tsis tau ntse thiab rov qab los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav

@CircuitBreaker(delay=500   // milliseconds
   failureRatio = .75,
   requestVolumeThreshold = 20,
   successThreshold = 5)
@Fallback(fallbackMethod = "fallback")
public String getSalutation() {
   makeRemoteCall(); //...
}

@Fallback

Hu rau lwm qhov laj thawj yog tias ua tsis tiav

@Timeout(500) // milliseconds
@Fallback(fallbackMethod = "fallback")
public String getSalutation() {
   makeRemoteCall(); //...
}

public String fallback() {
   return "hello";
}

retry

Rov sim dua thaum thov ua tsis tiav

@Retry(maxRetries=3)
public String getSalutation() {
   makeRemoteCall(); //...
}

Timeout

Kev tswj tsis tau sijhawm

@Timeout(value = 500 )   // milliseconds
@Fallback(fallbackMethod = "fallback")
public String getSalutation() {
   makeRemoteCall(); //...
}

Cov Kev Pab Cuam (Service Health)

Kubernetes platforms saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov thawv uas siv cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau tso cai rau lub hauv paus platform los saib xyuas cov kev pabcuam, Spring developers feem ntau siv HealthIndicator thiab Spring Boot Actuator. Hauv Quarkus, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav siv MicroProfile Health, uas los ntawm lub neej ntawd ua qhov kev kuaj xyuas muaj sia nyob, tab sis tuaj yeem teeb tsa rau tib lub sijhawm tshawb xyuas lub neej thiab kev npaj txhij. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv MicroProfile Health APIs uas txhawb nqa tau muab rau hauv Table 6, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv tau muab rau hauv Quarkus phau ntawv Phau Ntawv Qhia Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv.

Table 6: Siv cov piv txwv ntawm kev txhawb nqa MicroProfile Health APIs.

MicroProfile Health nta
piav qhia
piv txwv

@Kev

Lub platform reboots ua tsis tau tejyam ntim cov ntawv thov
Endpoint:
host:8080/health/live

@Liveness
public class MyHC implements HealthCheck {
  public HealthCheckResponse call() {

   ...
   return HealthCheckResponse
     .named("myHCProbe")
     .status(ready ? true:false)
     .withData("mydata", data)
     .build();  
}

@Readiness

Lub platform yuav tsis xa tsheb mus rau cov ntawv thov ntim khoom yog tias nws tsis npaj txhij
Endpoint:
party:8080/health/npaj

@Readiness
public class MyHC implements HealthCheck {
  public HealthCheckResponse call() {

   ...
   return HealthCheckResponse
     .named("myHCProbe")
     .status(live ? true:false)
     .withData("mydata", data)
     .build();  
}

Kev ntsuas

Cov ntawv thov muab cov ntsuas ntsuas rau lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm (los saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm SLAs) lossis cov hom phiaj tsis ua haujlwm (kev lag luam SLAs). Cov neeg tsim khoom caij nplooj ntoos hlav muab kev ntsuas siv Spring Boot Actuator thiab Micrometer. Nyob rau hauv lem, Quarkus siv MicroProfile Metrics los muab cov hauv paus ntsuas (JVM thiab kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system), tus neeg muag khoom ntsuas (Quarkus), thiab daim ntawv thov metrics. MicroProfile Metrics xav kom qhov kev siv txhawb JSON thiab OpenMetrics (Prometheus) tso zis tawm tswv yim. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv MicroProfile Metrics API tau muab rau hauv Table 7.

В qhov project los ntawm peb qhov piv txwv MicroProfile Metrics yog siv los muab cov ntawv thov ntsuas. Yog xav paub ntxiv, saib Quarkus phau ntawv Metrics Guide.

Table 7. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv MicroProfile Metrics APIs.

MicroProfile Metrics nta
piav qhia
piv txwv

@ suav

Qhia txog lub txee txee uas suav cov sij hawm ib qho khoom piav qhia tau raug hu

@Counted(name = "fallbackCounter", 
  displayName = "Fallback Counter", 
  description = "Fallback Counter")
public String salutationFallback() {
   return fallbackSalutation;
}

@ConcurrentGauge

Denotes ib lub ntsuas uas suav tus naj npawb ntawm concurrent hu mus rau annotated khoom

@ConcurrentGuage(
  name = "fallbackConcurrentGauge", 
  displayName="Fallback Concurrent", 
  description="Fallback Concurrent")
public String salutationFallback() {
   return fallbackSalutation;
}

@Gaug

Qhia txog lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas uas ntsuas tus nqi ntawm ib qho khoom piav qhia

@Metered(name = "FallbackGauge",
   displayName="Fallback Gauge",
   description="Fallback frequency")
public String salutationFallback() {
   return fallbackSalutation;
}

@Metered

Denotes ib meter sensor uas saib xyuas qhov hu zaus ntawm ib qho khoom annotated

@Metered(name = "MeteredFallback",
   displayName="Metered Fallback",
   description="Fallback frequency")
public String salutationFallback() {
   return fallbackSalutation;
}

Metric

Ib qho lus piav qhia uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog metadata thaum tau txais kev thov nkag los yog tsim cov metric

@Metric
@Metered(name = "MeteredFallback",
   displayName="Metered Fallback",
   description="Fallback frequency")
public String salutationFallback() {
   return fallbackSalutation;
}

Sijhawm

Qhia lub timer uas taug qab lub sijhawm ntawm ib qho khoom piav qhia

@Timed(name = "TimedFallback",
   displayName="Timed Fallback",
   description="Fallback delay")
public String salutationFallback() {
   return fallbackSalutation;
}

Metrics Endpoints

Daim ntawv thov ntsuas localhost8080 / metrics / daim ntawv thov
Basic metrics localhost8080 / metrics / puag
Tus neeg muag khoom metrics localhost8080 / metrics / tus neeg muag khoom
Txhua qhov ntsuas localhost:8080/miv

MicroProfile Rest Client

Microservices feem ntau muab RESTful cov ntsiab lus kawg uas xav tau cov neeg siv khoom APIs ua haujlwm nrog. Txhawm rau siv RESTful endpoints, Spring developers feem ntau siv RestTemplate. Quarkus muaj MicroProfile Rest Client APIs los daws qhov teeb meem no, piv txwv ntawm kev siv uas tau muab rau hauv Table 8.

В qhov project los ntawm peb qhov piv txwv Kev siv RESTful endpoints yog ua tiav siv MicroProfile Rest Client. Xav paub ntau ntxiv thiab cov piv txwv ntawm cov ncauj lus no tuaj yeem pom hauv Quarkus phau ntawv Rest Client Guide.

Table 8. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv MicroProfile Rest Client APIs.

MicroProfile Rest Client Features
piav qhia
piv txwv

@RegisterRestClient

Sau npe tus ntaus Java interface ua tus neeg siv REST

@RegisterRestClient
@Path("/")
public interface MyRestClient {
    @GET
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    public String getSalutation();
}

@RestClient

Kos qhov kev siv ntawm ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus ntaus REST tus neeg siv interface

@Autowired // or @Inject
@RestClient
MyRestClient restClient;

Tsav lus

Hu rau REST qhov kawg

System.out.println(
   restClient.getSalutation());

mp-rest/url

Qhia qhov kawg ntawm REST

application.properties:
org.example.MyRestClient/mp-rest/url=
   http://localhost:8081/myendpoint

Cov txiaj ntsim tau los

Hauv qhov blog no, tsom feem ntau ntawm Spring developers, peb tau saib sai sai ntawm yuav ua li cas siv Spring APIs nrog MicroProfile APIs hauv Quarkus los tsim Java microservices thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso ua ke rau hauv haiv neeg binary code uas txuag ntau pua megabytes ntawm RAM thiab tso tawm hauv ib qhov teeb meem ntawm milliseconds.

Raws li koj twb tau nkag siab lawm, cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog kev txhawb nqa rau Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav thiab MicroProfile APIs, nrog rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, tuaj yeem pom hauv Quarkus phau ntawv qhia.

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com

Quarkus ua ke MicroProfile thiab Caij nplooj ntoos hlav li cas