Digital Substation yog qhov sib txawv hauv kev siv hluav taws xob. Yog tias koj nyob ze rau lub ntsiab lus, ces tej zaum koj yuav hnov tias cov ntaub ntawv loj tau xa mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kwj deg multicast. Tab sis koj puas paub yuav ua li cas tswj cov kwj multicast? Dab tsi yog cov cuab yeej tswj kev khiav dej num siv? Cov ntaub ntawv kev tswj hwm qhia dab tsi?
Leej twg xav nkag siab lub ntsiab lus no zoo siab txais tos rau tus miv!
Cov ntaub ntawv xa mus li cas hauv lub network thiab vim li cas thiaj tswj hwm cov kwj ntawm multicast?
Ua ntej txav ncaj qha mus rau Digital Substation thiab cov nuances ntawm kev tsim lub LAN, kuv muab cov kev qhia luv luv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov chaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv hloov chaw rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov kwj tawm ntau. Peb nkaum qhov kev kawm ntawv raws li ib tug spoiler.
Hom kev hloov ntaub ntawv
Hom tsheb khiav ntawm LAN
Muaj plaub hom kev hloov ntaub ntawv:
- Tshaj tawm - tshaj tawm.
- Unicast - kev xa xov ntawm ob lub cuab yeej.
- Multicast – xa lus mus rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov khoom siv.
- Unknown Unicast - tshaj tawm nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nrhiav ib lub cuab yeej.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov ntawv teev lus, cia peb tham luv luv txog peb hom kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej tsiv mus rau multicast.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cia peb nco ntsoov tias hauv LAN, qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ua tiav raws li MAC chaw nyob. Txhua cov lus xa mus muaj SRC MAC thiab DST MAC teb.
SRC MAC - qhov chaw MAC - xa MAC chaw nyob.
DST MAC - qhov chaw MAC - tus neeg txais MAC chaw nyob.
Qhov hloov pauv xa cov lus raws li cov teb no. Nws ntsia ntawm DST MAC, pom nws hauv nws lub rooj MAC chaw nyob, thiab xa lus mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj teev hauv lub rooj. Nws kuj saib SRC MAC. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob MAC hauv lub rooj, ces qhov tshiab "MAC chaw nyob - chaw nres nkoj" khub ntxiv.
Tam sim no cia peb tham ntau ntxiv txog hom kev hloov ntaub ntawv.
Unicast
Unicast yog qhov chaw nyob xa xov ntawm ob lub khoom siv. Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov no yog point-to-point data transfer. Hauv lwm lo lus, ob lub cuab yeej ib txwm siv Unicast los sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg.
Unicast tsheb kis tau tus mob
Tshaj tawm hauv xov
Kev tshaj tawm yog xov xwm tshaj tawm. Cov. tshaj tawm, thaum ib lub cuab yeej xa lus rau tag nrho lwm cov khoom siv hauv lub network.
Txhawm rau xa cov lus tshaj tawm, tus xa ntawv qhia qhov chaw nyob DST MAC FF: FF: FF: FF: FF: FF.
Tshaj tawm kev sib kis
Tsis paub Unicast
Unknown Unicast, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, zoo ib yam li tshaj tawm. Tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv - cov lus raug xa mus rau txhua tus neeg koom tes hauv network, tab sis tsuas yog npaj rau ib lub cuab yeej xwb. Nws zoo li cov lus hauv lub chaw yuav khoom hais kom koj rov qab koj lub tsheb. Txhua leej txhua tus yuav hnov cov lus no, tab sis tsuas yog ib tug yuav teb.
Thaum lub hloov tau txais ib lub thav duab thiab nrhiav tsis tau lub Destination MAC los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub MAC chaw nyob lub rooj, nws tsuas yog tshaj tawm cov lus no mus rau tag nrho cov ports tsuas yog ib tug uas nws tau txais nws. Tsuas yog ib lub cuab yeej yuav teb rau kev xa ntawv zoo li no.
Kev kis tus kab mob Unknown Unicast
Multicast
Multicast yog kev xa xov mus rau ib pawg ntawm cov khoom siv uas "xav tau" kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv no. Nws zoo ib yam li webinar. Nws tau tshaj tawm thoob plaws hauv Is Taws Nem, tab sis tsuas yog cov neeg uas nyiam cov ncauj lus no txuas rau nws.
Tus qauv hloov ntaub ntawv no hu ua "Publisher - Subscriber". Muaj ib tug Publisher uas xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab Subscribers uas xav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv no subscribe rau nws.
Nrog multicast tshaj tawm, cov lus xa los ntawm lub cuab yeej tiag. Qhov chaw MAC hauv tus ncej yog tus xa MAC. Tab sis lub Destination MAC yog qhov chaw nyob virtual.
Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum txuas mus rau pab pawg kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws. Qhov hloov pauv hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntws ntawm cov khoom siv - nws nco ntsoov qhov chaw nres nkoj cov ntaub ntawv tau xa los ntawm thiab paub cov chaw nres nkoj twg cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum raug xa mus rau.
Kev sib kis ntawm Multicast tsheb
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tias IP chaw nyob feem ntau siv los ua pawg virtual, tab sis txij li ... Txij li tsab xov xwm no yog hais txog lub zog, peb yuav tham txog MAC chaw nyob. Hauv IEC 61850 tsev neeg ntawm cov txheej txheem uas siv rau Digital Substation, kev faib ua pawg yog raws li MAC chaw nyob
Ib qho kev qhia luv luv txog MAC chaw nyob
Qhov chaw nyob MAC yog tus nqi 48-ntsis uas txheeb xyuas cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nws muab faib ua 6 octets. Thawj peb octets muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom. Octets 4, 5 thiab 6 yog muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab yog tus lej ntaus ntawv.
MAC chaw nyob qauv
Nyob rau hauv thawj octet, lub yim ntsis txiav txim seb cov lus yog unicast los yog multicast. Yog tias qhov thib yim yog 0, qhov chaw nyob MAC no yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub cev tiag tiag.
Thiab yog tias yim ntsis yog 1, ces qhov chaw nyob MAC no yog virtual. Ntawd yog, qhov chaw nyob MAC no tsis yog cov cuab yeej siv lub cev tiag tiag, tab sis rau pawg virtual.
Ib pab neeg virtual tuaj yeem muab piv rau lub tsev tshaj tawm. Lub tuam txhab xov tooj cua tshaj tawm ib co suab paj nruag rau lub pej thuam no, thiab cov neeg uas xav mloog nws qhib lawv lub receivers rau qhov xav tau zaus.
Tsis tas li, piv txwv li, lub koob yees duab IP video xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau ib pab pawg virtual, thiab cov khoom siv uas xav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv no txuas rau pab pawg no.
Yim thib yim ntawm thawj octet ntawm MAC chaw nyob
Yog tias kev txhawb nqa multicast tsis qhib rau ntawm qhov hloov, ces nws yuav pom cov kwj tawm multicast raws li kev tshaj tawm. Raws li, yog tias muaj ntau qhov ntws, peb yuav nrawm nrawm nrog lub network nrog "quav" tsheb.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm multicast?
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm multicast yog tias tsuas yog ib daim qauv ntawm kev xa mus los ntawm lub cuab yeej. Qhov hloov pauv txiav txim siab seb qhov chaw nres nkoj twg cov neeg siv khoom nyob thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tus xa mus rau lawv. Yog li, multicast tso cai rau koj txo qis cov ntaub ntawv xa mus los ntawm lub network.
Qhov no ua haujlwm li cas ntawm LAN tiag tiag?
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis txaus los tsuas yog xa ib daim qauv ntawm cov tsheb mus rau qee qhov chaw nyob MAC uas nws yim ntsis ntawm thawj octet yog 1. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tuaj yeem txuas rau pab pawg no. Thiab cov keyboards yuav tsum nkag siab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw nres nkoj twg los thiab mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj uas nws yuav tsum tau xa mus. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd yuav multicast ua rau nws ua tau zoo rau kev sib koom tes thiab tswj cov ntws.
Txhawm rau siv cov haujlwm no, muaj cov txheej txheem multicast. Feem ntau:
- IGMP.
- PIM.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham tangentially txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev cai no.
IGMP
Ib qho IGMP-enabled hloov pauv nco ntsoov qhov chaw nres nkoj lub multicast kwj tuaj txog. Cov neeg sau npe yuav tsum xa IMGP Koom cov lus los koom nrog pab pawg. Qhov hloov pauv ntxiv qhov chaw nres nkoj los ntawm IGMP Koom nrog tuaj rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov kev sib txuas hauv qab thiab pib xa cov kwj multicast muaj. Qhov hloov mus txuas ntxiv xa IGMP Query cov lus rau cov chaw nres nkoj hauv qab los xyuas seb nws puas xav tau txuas ntxiv xa cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias IGMP Tso lus tau txais los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj lossis tsis muaj lus teb rau IGMP Cov lus nug, ces tshaj tawm rau nws yuav tsum nres.
PIM
PIM raws tu qauv muaj ob qhov kev siv:
- PIM DM.
- PIM SM.
PIM DM raws tu qauv ua haujlwm rov qab ntawm IGMP. Qhov hloov pauv pib xa cov kwj multicast raws li kev tshaj tawm mus rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj tshwj tsis yog qhov uas nws tau txais. Tom qab ntawd nws cuam tshuam qhov ntws ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj uas cov lus tuaj uas nws tsis xav tau.
PIM SM ua haujlwm ze rau IGMP.
Txhawm rau ua tib zoo sau cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm multicast - Tus Tshaj Tawm xa cov kwj tawm multicast mus rau ib pab pawg MAC tshwj xeeb, cov neeg siv yuav xa cov lus thov txuas rau pab pawg no, cov keyboards tswj cov kwj dej.
Vim li cas peb thiaj mus dhau multicast superficially? Cia peb tham txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Digital Substation LAN kom nkag siab qhov no.
Dab tsi yog Digital Substation thiab vim li cas thiaj xav tau multicast nyob ntawd?
Ua ntej tham txog Digital Substation LAN, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias Digital Substation yog dab tsi. Tom qab ntawd teb cov lus nug:
- Leej twg koom nrog hauv kev hloov ntaub ntawv?
- Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi raug xa mus rau LAN?
- Dab tsi yog LAN architecture?
Thiab tom qab ntawd tham txog multicast ...
Dab tsi yog Digital Substation?
Digital Substation yog substation uas txhua lub tshuab muaj qib siab ntawm automation. Tag nrho cov khoom siv thib ob thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb no yog tsom rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv digital. Kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv yog tsim raws li cov txheej txheem sib kis tau piav qhia hauv IEC 61850 tus qauv.
Raws li, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau kis digitally ntawm no:
- Kev ntsuas.
- Cov ntaub ntawv kuaj mob.
- Tswj cov lus txib.
Cov qauv no tau txais kev loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab zog sector thiab tam sim no tau muab coj los siv rau txhua qhov chaw. Hauv 2019 thiab 2020, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tau tshwm sim los tswj kev tsim ntawm Digital Substation ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev txhim kho. Piv txwv li, STO 34.01-21-004-2019 PJSC "Rosseti" txhais cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no thiab cov qauv rau lub chaw pabcuam hauv nruab nrab:
Txhais:
Digital substation yog ib qho chaw siv hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg nruab nrog cov ntaub ntawv digital thiab kev tswj hwm kev sib cuam tshuam hauv tib lub sijhawm thiab kev ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tas mus li.
Cov txheej txheem:
- kev saib xyuas tej thaj chaw deb ntawm qhov tsis muaj thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov tshuab tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm thiab saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm;
- muab telecontrol ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov tshuab rau kev khiav hauj lwm substation yam tsis tas yuav muaj lub luag haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm;
- qib siab ntawm automation ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thiab kev tswj hwm kev siv cov kev tswj xyuas ntse rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuab;
- tswj chaw taws teeb ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hauv tib lub sijhawm hom;
- cov ntaub ntawv digital pauv ntawm txhua lub tshuab thev naus laus zis hauv ib hom ntawv;
- kev koom ua ke rau hauv lub network hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, nrog rau kev ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo digital nrog cov koom haum tsim kho (nrog rau cov chaw muaj feem cuam tshuam);
- kev ua haujlwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg thaum lub sij hawm digitalization ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis;
- Kev soj ntsuam tas li ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb thiab cov tshuab hauv online nrog kev sib kis ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv digital, tswj tsis tau thiab cov teeb liab.
Leej twg koom nrog hauv kev hloov ntaub ntawv?
Digital Substation suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Relay tiv thaiv systems. Kev tiv thaiv Relay yog qhov "lub siab" ntawm Digital Substation. Relay tiv thaiv terminals coj tam sim no thiab voltage qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm kev ntsuas tshuab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, cov terminals ua haujlwm tawm hauv kev tiv thaiv logic. Cov terminals sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg kom xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam. Cov terminals tseem xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim rau ICS server. Hauv tag nrho, ntau hom kev sib txuas lus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
▸Kab rov tav txuas - kev sib txuas lus ntawm terminals.
▸Kev sib txuas ntsug - kev sib txuas lus nrog cov txheej txheem automated tswj system server.
▸Ntsuas - kev sib txuas lus nrog cov cuab yeej ntsuas.
- Kev lag luam hluav taws xob metering systems.Custody metering systems tsuas yog sib txuas lus nrog cov cuab yeej ntsuas.
- Dispatch tswj systems.Cov ntaub ntawv ib nrab yuav tsum raug xa los ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj cov txheej txheem tswj hwm tus neeg rau zaub mov thiab los ntawm kev lag luam accounting server mus rau qhov chaw tswj.
Nov yog cov npe yooj yim heev ntawm cov tshuab uas pauv cov ntaub ntawv ua ib feem ntawm Digital Substation. Yog tias koj txaus siab rau delving tob rau hauv lub ncauj lus no, sau rau hauv cov lus.
Peb mam li qhia koj txog qhov no cais 😉
Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi raug xa mus rau LAN?
Txhawm rau muab cov txheej txheem piav qhia rau ib leeg thiab teeb tsa kev sib txuas lus kab rov tav thiab ntsug, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ntsuas, cov tsheb npav raug teeb tsa. Txog tam sim no, cia peb pom zoo tias txhua lub tsheb npav tsuas yog cais LAN ntawm kev lag luam Ethernet keyboards.
Thaiv daim duab ntawm lub chaw hluav taws xob hluav taws xob raws li IEC 61850
Daim duab thaiv qhia cov log tsheb:
- Saib xyuas/Control.
- Kev sib kis ntawm cov cim tiv thaiv relay.
- Kev xa tawm ntawm instantaneous voltages thiab tam sim no.
Kev tiv thaiv relay terminals koom rau hauv ob qho tib si kab rov tav thiab ntsug kev sib txuas lus thiab kuj siv kev ntsuas, yog li lawv txuas nrog txhua lub tsheb npav.
Los ntawm "Kev sib kis ntawm cov cim tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv" tsheb npav, cov terminals xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov. ntawm no ib tug kab rov tav kev twb kev txuas yog siv.
Kev sib kis ntawm kev ntsuas yog siv los ntawm "Kev xa tawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab tam sim no" tsheb npav. Kev ntsuas cov khoom siv - tam sim no thiab voltage transformers, nrog rau cov relay tiv thaiv terminals - txuas nrog lub npav no.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ASKUE neeg rau zaub mov txuas nrog "Kev xa tawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no" tsheb npav, uas tseem yuav siv kev ntsuas rau kev suav nyiaj.
Thiab lub npav "Saib xyuas / Tswj" ua haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus ntsug. Cov. los ntawm nws, cov terminals xa ntau yam xwm txheej mus rau ICS server, thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov tseem xa cov lus txib rau cov terminals.
Los ntawm cov txheej txheem automated tswj system server, cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus rau qhov chaw tswj.
Dab tsi yog LAN architecture?
Cia peb txav mus los ntawm ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws mus rau ntau lub ntiaj teb thiab cov khoom tiag.
Daim duab hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias tus qauv LAN tsim nyog rau Digital Substation.
Digital Substation Architecture
Ntawm 6 kV lossis 35 kV substations, lub network yuav yooj yim dua, tab sis yog tias peb tab tom tham txog substations ntawm 110 kV, 220 kV thiab siab dua, nrog rau LAN ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, tom qab ntawd cov architecture yuav sib haum mus rau qhov pom.
Lub architecture tau muab faib ua peb theem:
- Chaw nres tsheb / substation theem.
- Koom nrog qib.
- Txheej txheem theem.
Chaw nres tsheb / substation theem suav nrog cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov servers.
Koom nrog qib suav nrog txhua yam khoom siv thev naus laus zis.
Txheej txheem theem suav nrog cov cuab yeej ntsuas.
Kuj tseem muaj ob lub tsheb npav rau kev sib txuas:
- Chaw nres tsheb / substation tsheb npav.
- Txheej txheem tsheb npav.
Lub chaw nres tsheb / chaw nres tsheb substation sib txuas ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb npav "Saib xyuas / Tswj" thiab "Relay Protection Signal Transmission" tsheb npav. Thiab cov txheej txheem tsheb npav ua haujlwm ntawm "Kev xa cov hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab cov nqi tam sim no" tsheb npav.
Nta ntawm Multicast kis tau tus mob hauv Digital Substation
Cov ntaub ntawv twg yog kis tau los ntawm kev siv multicast?
Kab rov tav kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib kis ntawm kev ntsuas nyob rau hauv Digital Substation yog ua los ntawm kev siv Publisher-Subscriber architecture. Cov. Relay tiv thaiv terminals siv multicast kwj los pauv cov lus ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab kev ntsuas kuj tau xa mus siv multicast.
Ua ntej digital substation nyob rau hauv lub zog sector, kab rov tav kev sib txuas lus tau siv los ntawm point-to-point kev sib txuas lus ntawm terminals. Ob lub tooj liab lossis optical cable tau siv los ua ib qho interface. Cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Kev xav tau siab heev tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kev sib txuas no, vim cov channel no kis tau cov teeb liab ntawm kev tiv thaiv ua kom, txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev hloov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. Lub algorithm rau kev ua haujlwm thaiv cov terminals nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no.
Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus qeeb lossis tsis tau lees paub, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab tias ib qho ntawm cov terminals yuav tsis tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hloov tshiab ntawm qhov xwm txheej tam sim no thiab tej zaum yuav xa cov teeb liab los tua lossis qhib lub tshuab hloov thaum, piv txwv li. , qee qhov haujlwm tau ua rau nws. Los yog qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub breaker tsis ua hauj lwm yuav tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab luv luv Circuit Court yuav kis mus rau tag nrho cov hluav taws xob Circuit Court. Tag nrho cov no yog fraught nrog loj nyiaj txiag poob thiab kev hem thawj rau tib neeg lub neej.
Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xa mus:
- ntseeg tau.
- lav.
- Ceev ceev.
Tam sim no, es tsis txhob ntawm kev sib txuas lus point-to-point, siv lub chaw nres tsheb / substation bus, i.e. LAN. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus siv GOOSE raws tu qauv, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm IEC 61850 tus qauv (hauv IEC 61850-8-1, kom meej meej dua).
GOOSE stands rau General Object Oriented Substation Event, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim siab no tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam thiab tsis nqa ib qho semantic load.
Raws li ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem no, relay tiv thaiv terminals pauv GOOSE lus nrog ib leeg.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib txuas lus mus rau LAN tsis tau hloov txoj hauv kev. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem yuav tsum tau xa tuaj yeem ntseeg tau, ruaj ntseg thiab nrawm. Yog li ntawd, GOOSE cov lus siv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv me ntsis. Ntau ntxiv txog nws tom qab.
Kev ntsuas, raws li peb twb tau tham lawm, kuj kis tau siv cov kwj deg multicast. Hauv DSP terminology, cov kwj no hu ua SV kwj (Sampled Value).
SV kwj yog cov lus uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab xa mus tsis tu ncua nrog qee lub sijhawm. Txhua cov lus muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm. Kev ntsuas tau raug coj los ntawm qee zaus - qhov piv txwv zaus.
Sampling zaus yog qhov piv txwv zaus ntawm lub sij hawm-nruam teeb liab thaum sampling nws.
Sampling tus nqi 80 qauv ib ob
Kev sib xyaw ntawm SV ntws tau piav qhia hauv IEC61850-9-2 LE.
SV kwj yog kis los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsheb npav.
Cov txheej txheem tsheb npav yog kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus uas muab cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas thiab cov cuab yeej sib txuas. Cov kev cai rau kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv (tus nqi tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no) tau piav qhia hauv IEC 61850-9-2 tus qauv (tam sim no IEC 61850-9-2 LE profile yog siv).
SV kwj, zoo li GOOSE cov lus, yuav tsum tau xa sai. Yog tias qhov ntsuas tau xa mus qeeb, cov terminals yuav tsis tau txais qhov tam sim no lossis qhov hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv lub sijhawm, thiab luv luv Circuit Court yuav kis mus rau ib qho loj ntawm cov hluav taws xob network thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Vim li cas thiaj tsim nyog multicast?
Raws li tau hais los saum no, los npog cov ntaub ntawv kis tau rau kev sib txuas lus rau kab rov tav kev sib txuas lus, Goose tau kis rau qee yam tsis txawv.
Ua ntej, lawv kis tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txuas thiab muaj lawv tus kheej Ethertype - 0x88b8. Qhov no ua kom cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv siab.
Tam sim no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kaw qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm warranty thiab kev ntseeg tau.
Pom tseeb, kom paub meej, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov lus tau xa, tab sis peb tsis tuaj yeem npaj xa cov ntawv lees paub ntawm daim ntawv txais nyiaj, xws li, piv txwv li, ua tiav hauv TCP. Qhov no yuav txo tau cov ntaub ntawv hloov ceev.
Yog li ntawd, Publisher-Subscriber architecture yog siv los xa GOOSE.
Publisher-Subscriber Architecture
Lub cuab yeej xa cov lus GOOSE rau lub npav thiab cov neeg sau npe tau txais cov lus. Ntxiv mus, cov lus xa nrog lub sijhawm tas li T0. Yog tias qee qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim, cov lus tshiab raug tsim tawm, txawm hais tias lub sijhawm dhau los T0 tau xaus lossis tsis tau. Cov lus tom ntej nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab yog tsim tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv, tom qab ntawd tom qab lub sijhawm ntev me ntsis, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm nce mus rau T0.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xa cov lus GOOSE
Tus neeg siv khoom paub los ntawm leej twg nws tau txais cov lus, thiab yog tias nws tsis tau txais cov lus los ntawm ib tus neeg tom qab T0, ces nws tsim cov lus yuam kev.
SV kwj kuj tseem kis tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txuas qib, muaj lawv tus kheej Ethertype - 0x88BA thiab raug xa mus raws li "Publisher - Subscriber" qauv.
Nuances ntawm multicast kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv ib tug Digital substation
Tab sis "zog" multicast muaj nws tus kheej nuances.
Nco tseg 1. GOOSE thiab SV muaj lawv tus kheej cov pab pawg multicast txhais
Rau "zog" multicast, lawv tus kheej faib pawg tau siv.
Hauv kev sib txuas lus, qhov ntau ntawm 224.0.0.0/4 yog siv rau kev faib tawm ntau yam (nrog rau qhov tsis tshua muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, muaj qhov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb). Tab sis tus qauv IEC 61850 nws tus kheej thiab IEC 61850 cov neeg koom tes profile los ntawm PJSC FGC txhais lawv tus kheej ntau yam kev faib tawm.
Rau SV kwj: ntawm 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 txog 01-0C-CD-04-FF-FF.
Rau GOOSE lus: los ntawm 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 txog 01-0C-CD-04-FF-FF.
Point 2. Cov terminals tsis siv multicast raws tu qauv
Qhov thib ob nuance yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - relay tiv thaiv terminals tsis txhawb IGMP lossis PIM. Tom qab ntawd lawv ua haujlwm nrog multicast li cas? Lawv tsuas yog tos cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog xa mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj. Cov. Yog tias lawv paub tias lawv tau sau npe rau qhov chaw nyob MAC tshwj xeeb, ces lawv lees txais tag nrho cov khoom xa tuaj, tab sis tsuas yog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog. Tus so tsuas yog muab pov tseg.
Hauv lwm lo lus, txhua qhov kev cia siab nyob ntawm cov keyboards. Tab sis IGMP lossis PIM yuav ua haujlwm li cas yog tias cov terminals tsis xa cov lus Koom nrog? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim - tsis muaj txoj kev.
Thiab SV kwj yog cov ntaub ntawv hnyav heev. Ib qho kwj dej hnyav txog 5 Mbit / s. Thiab yog tias txhua yam raug tso tseg, nws hloov tawm tias txhua qhov kwj yuav raug tshaj tawm. Hauv lwm lo lus, peb yuav rub tsuas yog 20 ntws mus rau ib qho 100 Mbit / s LAN. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm SV ntws ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb loj yog ntsuas hauv ntau pua.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog dab tsi?
Yooj yim - siv cov pov thawj qub VLANs.
Tsis tas li ntawd, IGMP hauv Digital Substation LAN tuaj yeem ua si lom zem, thiab rov ua dua, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav ua haujlwm. Tom qab tag nrho, keyboards yuav tsis pib kis kwj yam tsis muaj kev thov.
Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais txog txoj cai yooj yim commissioning - "Puas yog lub network tsis ua haujlwm? - Tshem tawm IGMP!”
Normative puag
Tab sis tej zaum nws tseem muaj peev xwm los teeb tsa LAN rau Digital Substation raws li multicast? Cia peb sim tig tam sim no mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm ntawm LAN. Tshwj xeeb, kuv yuav hais tawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm STOs hauv qab no:
- STO 34.01-21-004-2019 - DIGITAL POWER CENTER. TSEEM CEEB RAU TECHNOLOGICAL SUBSTATIONS DIGITAL SUBSTATIONS nrog VOLTAGE 110-220 kV THIAB NODE DIGITAL SUBSTATIONS nrog VOLTAGE 35 kV.
- STO 34.01-6-005-2019 - SWITCHES OF ENERGY OBJECTS. Cov kev cai dav dav.
- STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020 - Cov txheej txheem kev cai rau lub koom haum thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm LANs thev naus laus zis hauv cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ntawm UNEG substation.
Cia peb xub pom dab tsi tuaj yeem pom hauv cov chaw pabcuam no txog multicast? Muaj lus hais tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb STO los ntawm PJSC FGC UES. Thaum lub sij hawm LAN txais kev xeem, qhov chaw muab kev pab nug koj los xyuas seb cov VLANs tau teeb tsa kom raug thiab xyuas tias tsis muaj cov tsheb khiav ntau hauv cov chaw hloov chaw uas tsis tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm.
Zoo, qhov chaw pabcuam kuj tau sau tseg tias cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam yuav tsum paub tias yog dab tsi multicast.
Qhov ntawd yog txhua yam hais txog multicast ...
Tam sim no cia saib dab tsi koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv cov chaw pabcuam no txog VLANs.
Ntawm no, tag nrho peb lub chaw pabcuam tau pom zoo tias cov keyboards yuav tsum txhawb VLANs raws li IEEE 802.1Q.
STO 34.01-21-004-2019 hais tias VLANs yuav tsum tau siv los tswj kev ntws, thiab nrog kev pab ntawm VLANs, tsheb yuav tsum tau muab faib ua kev tiv thaiv relay, automated txheej txheem tswj systems, AIIS KUE, video soj ntsuam, kev sib txuas lus, thiab lwm yam.
STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020, ntxiv rau, kuj yuav tsum tau npaj daim ntawv qhia kev faib tawm VLAN thaum tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov chaw pabcuam muab nws thaj tsam ntawm IP chaw nyob thiab VLANs rau cov khoom siv DSP.
STO kuj tseem muab cov lus pom zoo ua ntej rau VLANs sib txawv.
Cov lus pom zoo VLAN qhov tseem ceeb ntawm STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020
Los ntawm kev saib xyuas dej ntws, qhov ntawd yog nws. Txawm hais tias tseem muaj ntau los tham txog hauv cov chaw pabcuam no - los ntawm ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom mus rau L3 chaw - peb yuav twv yuav raug hu ua qhov no, tab sis lwm zaus.
Tam sim no cia peb sau cov kev tswj hwm ntws hauv LAN ntawm Digital Substation.
xaus
Hauv Digital Substation, txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau cov kwj tawm sib kis tau, cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm kev tsheb khiav ntau (IGMP, PIM) tsis tau siv. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv kawg tsis txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem multicast.
Zoo qub VLANs yog siv los tswj cov ntws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv VLAN yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm, uas muaj cov lus pom zoo tsim nyog.
Cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb:
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Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com