Lab: teeb tsa lvm, tua ntawm Linux

Ib qho me me digression: LR no yog hluavtaws.
Qee cov haujlwm tau piav qhia ntawm no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim dua, tab sis txij li txoj haujlwm ntawm l / r yog kom paub
nrog raid thiab lvm functionality, ib co kev khiav hauj lwm yog artificially nyuaj.

Yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej los ua LR:

• Virtualization cov cuab yeej xws li Virtualbox
• Linux installation duab, piv txwv li Debian 9
• Muaj Is Taws Nem rau rub tawm ntau pob
• Txuas ntawm ssh mus rau VM ntsia (yeem)

XIM

Qhov kev ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem me me xws li kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv - qhov no yog thaj chaw uas
uas tso cai rau koj poob tag nrho koj cov ntaub ntawv vim qhov yuam kev me tshaj plaws - ib tsab ntawv ntxiv lossis tus lej.
Txij li thaum koj ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj, koj tsis muaj kev phom sij, tshwj tsis yog tias koj yuav tau pib ua nws dua.
Hauv lub neej tiag tiag, txhua yam yog qhov hnyav dua, yog li koj yuav tsum sau cov npe tsav kom zoo, nkag siab
Dab tsi yog koj ua nrog cov lus txib tam sim no thiab dab tsi disks koj ua haujlwm nrog.

Qhov tseem ceeb thib ob yog lub npe ntawm disks thiab partitions: nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej, tus lej disk yuav txawv.
los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas tau nthuav tawm hauv cov lus txib hauv kev sim ua haujlwm.
Yog li, piv txwv li, yog tias koj tshem tawm sda disk los ntawm array thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov disk tshiab, cov disk tshiab yuav tshwm sim.
ntawm qhov system npe sda. Yog hais tias koj reboot ua ntej ntxiv ib tug tshiab disk, ces tus tshiab
lub disk yuav hu ua sdb, thiab lub qub yuav hu ua sda

Lub chaw kuaj mob yuav tsum tau khiav raws li superuser (hauv paus) raws li feem ntau ntawm cov lus txib xav tau
elevated cov cai thiab nws tsis ua rau kev txiav txim siab kom nce cov cai ntawm sudo

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

• RAID
• LVM
• Disk npe hauv Linux OS
• Dab tsi yog ib ntu
• Lub rooj muab faib yog dab tsi thiab nws khaws cia nyob qhov twg?
• Dab tsi yog grub

Cov khoom siv tau siv

1) saib cov ntaub ntawv disk

• lsblk -o NAME, SIZE, FSTYPE, HOM, MOUNTPOINT
• fdisk -l
  2) saib cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua haujlwm nrog LVM
• pvs ua
• pvex ua
• pvcre ua
• pvresize ua
• lwm
• ua vgre
• lvs ua
• lvex ua
  3) saib cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua haujlwm nrog RAID
• miv /proc/mdstat
• mdadm ua
  4) mount cov ntsiab lus
• mount
• tus nqi
• miv /etc/fstab
• cat /etc/mtab
  5) disk repartition
• fdisk /dev/XXX
  6) luam cov partitions
• dd if=/dev/xxx of=/dev/yyy
  7) ua haujlwm nrog lub rooj muab faib
• ua partx
• sfdisk ua
• mkx. 4
  8) ua haujlwm nrog bootloader
• grub-install /dev/XXX
• hloov tshiab-grub
  9) lwm
• lsof ua
• chav tsev
• rsync

Laboratory ua hauj lwm muaj 3 qhov chaw:

• teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm siv lvm, raid
• emulation ntawm ib qho ntawm cov disk tsis ua haujlwm
• Hloov cov disks ntawm yoov, ntxiv cov disks tshiab thiab txav partitions.

Task 1 (OS installation thiab configuration ntawm LVM, RAID)

1) Tsim lub tshuab virtual tshiab, muab nws cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• 1 gb ram
• 1cpu ua
• 2 hdds (npe lawv ssd1, ssd2 thiab muab qhov sib npaug sib npaug, kos lub thawv kub thiab ssd)
• SATA maub los configured rau 4 ports

2) Pib txhim kho Linux thiab thaum koj mus rau xaiv hard drives, ua cov hauv qab no:

• Partitioning method: phau ntawv, tom qab uas koj yuav tsum pom daim duab no:
  

• Teeb tsa ib qho kev faib cais rau / khau raj: Xaiv thawj disk thiab tsim ib lub rooj faib tshiab ntawm nws

  • Partition loj: 512M
  • Mount point: /boot
  • Rov ua qhov chaw rau lub thib ob disk, tab sis txij li thaum koj tsis tuaj yeem mount / khau raj ob zaug tib lub sijhawm, xaiv mount point: tsis muaj, nws thiaj li tau txais cov hauv qab no (daim duab nrog jamb, tub nkees heev los rov ua dua):
    

• Kev teeb tsa RAID:

  • Xaiv qhov chaw dawb ntawm thawj disk thiab teeb tsa hom muab faib ua lub cev ntim rau RAID
  • Xaiv "Ua tiav qhov muab faib"
  • Rov ua tib yam kev teeb tsa rau lub disk thib ob, ua rau cov hauv qab no:
    
  • Xaiv "Configure software RAID"
  • Tsim MD ntaus ntawv
  • Software RAID ntaus ntawv hom: Xaiv ib qho mirrored array
  • Cov khoom siv nquag siv rau RAID XXXX array: Xaiv ob lub tsav
  • Cov khoom seem: Tawm 0 raws li lub neej ntawd
  • Active pab kiag li lawm rau RAID XX array: xaiv cov partitions uas koj tsim nyob rau hauv raid
  • Tag
  • Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau txais ib daim duab zoo li no:
    

• Configuring LVM: Xaiv Configure Logical Volume Manager

  • Khaws qhov kev faib faib tam sim no thiab teeb tsa LVM: Yog
  • Tsim pawg ntim
  • Volume pawg npe: system
  • Cov khoom siv rau pawg ntim tshiab: Xaiv koj cov RAID tsim
  • Tsim kom muaj qhov ntim qhov xav tau
  • logical ntim lub npe: hauv paus
  • logical ntim loj: 25 ntawm koj disk loj
  • Tsim kom muaj qhov ntim qhov xav tau
  • logical ntim lub npe: var
  • logical ntim loj: 25 ntawm koj disk loj
  • Tsim kom muaj qhov ntim qhov xav tau
  • logical ntim lub npe: log
  • logical ntim loj: 15 ntawm koj disk loj
  • Los ntawm xaiv Display configuration cov ntsiab lus koj yuav tsum tau txais daim duab hauv qab no:
    
  • Thaum koj ua tiav kev teeb tsa LVM koj yuav tsum pom cov hauv qab no:
    

• Muab faib layout: ib tug los ntawm ib tug, xaiv txhua ntim tsim nyob rau hauv LVM thiab layout lawv, piv txwv li, rau hauv paus zoo li no:

  • siv: ext4
  • Mount point: /
  • Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kos lub hauv paus muab faib yuav tsum zoo li no:
    
  • rov ua haujlwm partitioning rau var thiab cav, xaiv cov ntsiab lus mount tsim nyog (/var thiab /var/log manually nkag), tau txais cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
    
  • Xaiv Ua tiav Kev faib tawm
  • Koj yuav raug nug ob peb lo lus nug txog qhov tseeb tias koj tseem muaj qhov kev faib tsis tau thiab sib pauv tsis tau teeb tsa. Ob lo lus nug yuav tsum tau teb rau qhov tsis zoo.

• Qhov kawg tshwm sim yuav tsum zoo li no:
  
  3) Ua kom tiav OS installation los ntawm kev txhim kho grub ntawm thawj lub cuab yeej (sda) thiab khau raj lub kaw lus.
  4) Luam cov ntsiab lus ntawm /boot muab faib los ntawm sda tsav (ssd1) rau sdb drive (ssd2)

  dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1

  5) Nruab grub ntawm lub cuab yeej thib ob:

• saib cov disks hauv qhov system:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

• Sau tag nrho cov disks uas cov lus txib yav dhau los tau muab rau koj thiab piav qhia seb nws yog disk dab tsi

• Nrhiav tus tsav uas grub tsis tau nruab thiab ua qhov kev teeb tsa no:
  grub-install /dev/sdb

• saib cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tawm tsam tam sim no nrog rau miv / proc / mdstat hais kom ua thiab sau qhov koj pom.

• saib cov zis ntawm cov lus txib: pvs, vgs, lvs, mount thiab sau cia yam koj pom

Qhia koj tus kheej cov lus koj tau ua dab tsi thiab qhov txiaj ntsig koj tau txais los ntawm txoj haujlwm.

Tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm no, nws raug nquahu kom khaws cov ntawv thaub qab ntawm lub tshuab virtual nplaub tshev lossis ua
vagrant box: https://t.me/bykvaadm/191

Qhov tshwm sim: Virtual tshuab nrog disks ssd1, ssd2

Task 2 (Emulating qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm ib qho ntawm cov disks)

1) Yog tias koj tau txheeb xyuas lub thawv kub sib pauv, ces koj tuaj yeem rho tawm cov disks ntawm ya

• Rho tawm disk ssd1 hauv tshuab cov khoom
• Nrhiav cov npe uas koj cov ntaub ntawv tshuab virtual khaws cia thiab tshem tawm ssd1.vmdk
  2) Xyuas kom tseeb tias koj lub tshuab virtual tseem ua haujlwm
  3) Reboot lub tshuab virtual thiab xyuas kom nws tseem khiav
  4) xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm RAID array: miv / proc/mdstat
  5) ntxiv cov disk tshiab ntawm tib qhov loj hauv VM interface thiab npe nws ssd3
  6) Ua haujlwm:
• pom tias cov disk tshiab tau tuaj txog hauv qhov system siv fdisk -l
• luam cov lus muab faib los ntawm cov qub disk mus rau qhov tshiab: sfdisk -d /dev/XXXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
• saib qhov tshwm sim siv fdisk -l
• Ntxiv ib lub disk tshiab rau qhov raid array: mdadm — tswj /dev/md0 —ntxiv /dev/YYY
• Saib qhov tshwm sim: miv /proc/mdstat. Koj yuav tsum pom tias synchronization tau pib
  7) Tam sim no koj yuav tsum manually synchronize partitions uas tsis yog ib feem ntawm RAID.
  Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb yuav siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dd, theej los ntawm "nyob" disk mus rau qhov tshiab uas koj nyuam qhuav teeb tsa.

  dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

  8) Tom qab synchronization tiav, nruab grub ntawm tus tsav tshiab
  9) Reboot VM kom paub tseeb tias txhua yam ua haujlwm
  Qhia koj tus kheej cov lus koj tau ua dab tsi thiab qhov txiaj ntsig koj tau txais los ntawm txoj haujlwm.
  Qhov tshwm sim: Disk ssd1 raug tshem tawm, disk ssd2 tau txais kev cawmdim, disk ssd3 tau ntxiv.

  Task 3 (Ntxiv cov disks tshiab thiab txav ib qho kev faib tawm)

  Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab voluminous txoj hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov nthuav.
  Ua tib zoo xyuas seb koj ua dab tsi thiab nrog cov disks thiab partitions twg.
  Nws raug pom zoo kom ua ib daim ntawv luam ua ntej nws khiav.
  Txoj hauj lwm no yog ywj siab ntawm txoj hauj lwm No. 2; nws tuaj yeem ua tau tom qab ua haujlwm No. 1, kho rau cov npe disk.
  Qhov thib ob ntawm lub chaw kuaj ntshav no yuav tsum coj mus rau tib lub xeev uas yog tom qab ua tiav thawj ntu.

  Txhawm rau ua kom koj txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua, kuv tuaj yeem pom zoo kom tsis txhob tshem tawm cov disks ntawm lub tshuab host, tab sis tsuas yog
  disconnect lawv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab zog. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm OS hauv VM nws yuav zoo tib yam, tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua tau
  yog tias muaj ib yam dab tsi tshwm sim, txuas lub disk rov qab thiab txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm los ntawm dov rov qab ob peb lub ntsiab lus, yog tias
  koj muaj teeb meem. Piv txwv li, tej zaum koj yuav tau ua nws tsis raug lossis tsis nco qab luam / khau raj muab faib rau lub disk tshiab.
  Kuv tsuas tuaj yeem qhia koj kom kuaj ob zaug uas disks thiab partitions koj ua haujlwm nrog ob peb zaug, lossis zoo dua
  Sau rau ntawm ib daim ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov disks, partitions thiab "lub cev" disk naj npawb. Tsob ntoo zoo nkauj thiab meej
  pab neeg kos lsblk, siv nws ntau li ntau tau los txheeb xyuas qhov koj tau ua thiab dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua.

  Rau zaj dab neeg...

  Xav txog tias koj tus neeg rau zaub mov tau ua haujlwm ntev ntev ntawm 2 SSD drives, thaum dheev ...

  1) Simulate ssd2 disk tsis ua hauj lwm los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov disk los ntawm VM cov khoom thiab rebooting
  2) Saib cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm disks thiab RAID:

  cat /proc/mdstat
  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  3) Koj muaj hmoo - koj cov thawj coj tau tso cai rau koj yuav ntau lub disk tshiab:

  2 loj-muaj peev xwm SATA rau lub sij hawm ntev ua hauj lwm ntawm tsiv lub muab faib nrog cav mus rau ib tug nyias muaj nyias disk

  2 SSDs los hloov tus tuag, nrog rau hloov tus uas tseem ua haujlwm.

  Thov nco ntsoov tias tus neeg rau zaub mov pob tsuas txhawb kev txhim kho 4 disks ib zaug,
  Yog li ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv tag nrho cov disks ib zaug.

  Xaiv HDD muaj peev xwm 2 zaug loj dua SSD.
  Lub peev xwm SSD yog 1,25 npaug ntau dua li qub SSD.

  4) Ntxiv ib qho tshiab ssd disk, hu nws ssd4, thiab tom qab ntxiv, xyuas seb muaj dab tsi tshwm sim:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  5) Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub qub disk.
  Lub sijhawm no peb yuav hloov cov ntaub ntawv siv LVM:

  • Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum luam cov ntaub ntawv rooj los ntawm lub qub disk mus rau ib tug tshiab:

    sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    Hloov cov disks kom raug rau x, y thiab xyuas seb qhov lus txib no ua li cas.

    Khiav lsblk -o NAME, SIZE, FSTYPE, HOM, MOUNTPOINT thiab sib piv nws cov zis nrog kev hu dhau los.
    Dab tsi tau hloov?
    siv cov lus txib dd los luam cov ntaub ntawv / khau raj rau lub disk tshiab

    dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

    Yog hais tias / khau raj tseem mounted ntawm lub qub disk, nws yuav tsum tau remounted ntawm lub nyob disk:

    mount | grep boot # смотрим куда смонтирован диск
    lsblk # смотрим какие диски есть в системе и смотрим есть ли диск, полученный из предыдущего пункта
    umount /boot # отмонтируем /boot
    mount -a # выполним монтирование всех точек согласно /etc/fstab. 
    # Поскольку там указана точка монтирования /dev/sda, то будет выполнено корректное перемонтирование на живой диск

    Nruab lub bootloader ntawm tus tshiab ssd tsav

    grub-install /dev/YYY

    Vim li cas peb thiaj ua qhov haujlwm no?

    tsim ib qho tshiab raid array suav nrog tsuas yog ib qho tshiab ssd disk:

    mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md63 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/YYY

    Cov lus txib saum toj no yuav tsis ua haujlwm yam tsis tau hais qhia tus yuam sij tshwj xeeb.
    Nyeem qhov kev pab thiab ntxiv tus yuam sij no rau cov lus txib.

    Siv tus miv / proc/mdstat hais kom ua los xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm koj txoj haujlwm. Dab tsi tau hloov?
    Khiav lsblk -o NAME, SIZE, FSTYPE, HOM, MOUNTPOINT thiab sib piv nws cov zis nrog kev hu dhau los.
    Dab tsi tau hloov?
    6) Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog teeb tsa LVM
    khiav cov lus txib pvs los saib cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub cev tam sim no
    tsim ib lub cev tshiab ntim nrog rau yav dhau los tsim RAID array:

    pvcreate /dev/md63

    Khiav lsblk -o NAME, SIZE, FSTYPE, HOM, MOUNTPOINT thiab sib piv nws cov zis nrog kev hu dhau los.
    Dab tsi tau hloov?
    Khiav cov lus txib pvs dua. Dab tsi tau hloov?
    Cia peb nce qhov loj ntawm Volume Group system siv cov lus txib hauv qab no:

    vgextend system /dev/md63

    Khiav cov lus txib thiab sau cia yam koj pom thiab hloov pauv dab tsi.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices

    Ntawm dab tsi lub cev disk yog LV var, log, hauv paus tam sim no?

    Txav cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub qub tsav mus rau lub tshiab, siv cov npe khoom raug.

    pvmove -i 10 -n /dev/system/root /dev/md0 /dev/md63 

    Rov ua dua qhov kev ua haujlwm rau tag nrho cov logical ntim

    Khiav cov lus txib thiab sau cia yam koj pom thiab hloov pauv dab tsi.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    Cia peb hloov peb VG los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov qub raid disk ntawm nws. Hloov lub npe raid kom raug.

    vgreduce system /dev/md0

    Khiav cov lus txib thiab sau cia yam koj pom thiab hloov pauv dab tsi.

    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
    pvs
    vgs

    Txhawm rau ua kom daim duab zoo nkauj dua, remount / khau raj rau qhov thib ob ssd disk (ssd4) thiab khiav lsblk. Yog li ntawd, ssd3 disk tsis
    tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tau mounted. Ua tib zoo xyuas tias / khau raj muab faib tsis yog khoob! ls /boot yuav tsum qhia
    ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab folders. Kawm txog dab tsi yog khaws cia hauv seem no thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv teev npe twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau dab tsi.
    7) tshem tawm ssd3 disk thiab ntxiv ssd5, hdd1, hdd2 raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tau piav qhia saum toj no, ua rau:
    ssd4 - thawj ssd tshiab
    ssd5 - thib ob tshiab ssd
    hdd1 - thawj tshiab hdd
    hdd2 - thib ob tshiab hdd

    8) Txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim tom qab ntxiv cov disks:

    fdisk -l
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    9) Cia peb rov ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsiab raid array:

    • luam cov lus muab faib, hloov cov disks kom raug:

      sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    • Thov nco ntsoov tias thaum peb theej cov lus muab faib los ntawm cov qub disk, nws zoo li qhov loj me
      tsis siv tag nrho hard drive muaj peev xwm.
      Yog li ntawd, tsis ntev peb yuav tau hloov kho qhov kev faib tawm no thiab nthuav tawm qhov kev tawm tsam.
      Pom koj tus kheej los ntawm kev khiav cov lus txib:

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      10) luam cov khau raj faib / khau raj ntawm ssd4 rau ssd5

      dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

      11) Nruab grub ntawm tus tsav tshiab (ssd5)
      12) resize qhov thib ob faib ntawm ssd5 disk

      khiav lub disk partitioning utility:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij d kom tshem tawm qhov muab faib uas twb muaj lawm (xaiv 2)
      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij n los tsim ib qho kev faib tshiab
      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij p los qhia qhov muab faib hom yog "primary"
      nkag mus rau qhov tseem ceeb 2 kom qhov muab faib tshiab muaj tus lej thib ob
      Thawj ntu: nias nkag mus lees txais qhov ntsuas qhov loj me ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov muab faib
      Xeem sector: nias nkag mus lees txais qhov ntsuas qhov loj me ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov muab faib
      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij l kom pom cov npe ntawm txhua hom kev faib ua tau thiab nrhiav Linux raid pib hauv nws
      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij t hloov hom kev muab faib (2) thiab sau tus lej pom nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam dhau los.
      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij w los sau qhov kev hloov pauv rau disk.
      12) rov nyeem cov lus muab faib thiab xyuas qhov tshwm sim

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      ntxiv ib lub disk tshiab rau tam sim no raid array (tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab hloov qhov tseeb disks)

      mdadm --manage /dev/md63 --add /dev/sda2

      Cia peb nthuav cov disks hauv peb cov array mus rau 2:

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --raid-devices=2

      Saib qhov tshwm sim: peb muaj 2 arrays cim, tab sis ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov array no muaj ntau qhov sib txawv

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      13) nce qhov faib loj ntawm ssd4 disk

      khiav lub disk partitioning utility:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij d kom tshem tawm qhov muab faib uas twb muaj lawm (xaiv 2)
      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij n los tsim ib qho kev faib tshiab
      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij p los qhia qhov muab faib hom yog "primary"
      nkag mus rau qhov tseem ceeb 2 kom qhov muab faib tshiab muaj tus lej thib ob
      Thawj ntu: nias nkag mus lees txais qhov ntsuas qhov loj me ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov muab faib
      Xeem sector: nias nkag mus lees txais qhov ntsuas qhov loj me ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov muab faib
      Thaum kawg ntawm qhov cim, xaiv Tsis yog tawm ntawm kev kos npe ntawm qhov muab faib ua tswv cuab hauv cov array.
      nkag mus rau tus yuam sij w los sau qhov kev hloov pauv rau disk.
      12) rov nyeem cov lus muab faib thiab xyuas qhov tshwm sim

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      Thov nco ntsoov tias tam sim no sda2, sdc2 partitions muaj qhov loj> dua qhov loj ntawm cov cuab yeej tua.

      13) nyob rau theem no qhov raid loj tuaj yeem nthuav dav

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --size=max
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT # check result

      Tshawb xyuas lsblk thiab nco ntsoov qhov hloov pauv
      14) Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias peb hloov qhov loj ntawm kev tua, qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm vg cag, var, log lawv tus kheej tsis hloov.

      • saib PV loj:

        pvs

      • Cia peb nthuav qhov loj ntawm peb PV:

        pvresize /dev/md63

      • saib PV loj:

        pvs

        15) Ntxiv qhov nyuam qhuav tshwm sim qhov chaw VG var, hauv paus

        lvs # посмотрим сколько сейчас размечено
        lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/system/root
        lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/system/var
        lvs # проверьте что получилось

        Ntawm no, koj tau ua tiav migrating lub ntsiab array rau cov tshiab disks. ua haujlwm nrog ssd1, ssd2 tiav

        16) Peb txoj haujlwm tom ntej yog txav /var/log rau cov disks tshiab, rau qhov no peb yuav tsim cov array tshiab thiab lvm ntawm hdd disks.

        • cia saib seb lub npe tshiab hdd drives muaj dab tsi

          fdisk -l

        • cia peb tsim ib tug raid array

          mdadm --create /dev/md127 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

        • cia peb tsim PV tshiab ntawm kev tua los ntawm cov disks loj

          pvcreate data /dev/md127

        • Cia peb tsim ib pab pawg hauv PV no hu ua cov ntaub ntawv

          vgcreate data /dev/md127

        • Cia peb tsim ib lub suab ntim nrog qhov loj ntawm txhua qhov chaw dawb thiab hu nws val_log

          lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n var_log data # lvs # посмотрим результат

        • format tus tsim muab faib nyob rau hauv ext4

          mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-var_log

        • cia saib qhov tshwm sim

          lsblk

          17) Hloov cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg los ntawm qhov qub muab faib mus rau qhov tshiab

          ib ntus nruab ib lub cav tshiab cia

          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /mnt

          cia peb synchronize cov partitions

          apt install rsync
          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          Cia peb pom cov txheej txheem twg tam sim no khiav hauv /var/log

          apt install lsof
          lsof | grep '/var/log'

          nres cov txheej txheem no

          systemctl stop rsyslog.service syslog.socket

          ua qhov kawg synchronization ntawm partitions (cov ntaub ntawv uas tej zaum yuav tau hloov txij li thaum kawg synchronization)

          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          pauv cov seem

          umount /mnt
          umount /var/log
          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /var/log

          cia peb tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim

          lsblk

          18) Kho /etc/fstab
          fstab - ib cov ntaub ntawv uas sau cov cai los ntawm cov partitions yuav raug mounted ntawm khau raj
          peb txoj hauj lwm yog nrhiav cov kab uas /var/log yog mounted thiab kho cov cuab yeej system-log rau data-var_log

          19) Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau theem no yog tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab hloov lub rooj radela (ext4, piv txwv). Vim tsis muaj teeb meem li cas peb hloov ib qho kev tawm tsam, lvm, kom txog rau thaum FS ntawm qhov muab faib tau ceeb toom tias qhov kev faib faib loj tam sim no hloov pauv, peb yuav tsis tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw tshiab. Siv cov lus txib resize2fs hloov FS.

          20) kawg chord

          • Wb reboot. Yog tias koj tau ua txhua yam kom raug, koj yuav raug coj rov qab mus rau koj lub OS (qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom paub tseeb tias txhua yam ua haujlwm. Cov kauj ruam no tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus uas tsis yog kuaj tus kheej)
          • xyuas tias txhua yam peb xav ua tau ua tiav:

            pvs
            lvs
            vgs
            lsblk
            cat /proc/mdstat

          21) [YEEM CEEB] Ua raws li cov kauj ruam

          • reboot los ntawm nias F12 kom qhia meej cov tsav sib txawv thaum booting kom paub tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem khau raj
            los ntawm ib qho ntawm ssd drives, yog li ntawd peb tsis ntshai kev ua tsis tiav ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv
          • Tam sim no koj muaj qhov tsis tsim nyog LV nkag hauv VG system. Muab qhov chaw no ntawm cov hauv paus lossis var, tab sis tsis txhob siv
            Tsim 100% DAWB qhia qhov loj me los ntawm tes siv tus yuam sij -L:

            -L 500M

          • kho qhov teeb meem uas / khau raj nyob rau ntawm ob qhov chaw tsis muaj synchronization, tsis tas yuav ua qhov no kom raug,
            nws tau ntxiv ntawm no ua piv txwv. Tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab luam cov ntsiab lus ntawm / khau raj ua ntej.
            • tsim kev tawm tsam tshiab thiab suav nrog sda1, sda2 hauv nws
            • suav nrog cov partitions nyob rau hauv qhov uas twb muaj lawm raid thiab restore / khau raj rau lub ntsiab raid, tab sis tsis mounting nws.

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com