Cov lus xaiv tsis tu ncua txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov rooj sib tham cryptocurrency thiab xov tooj sib tham uas yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis ntev los no tseem ceeb poob hauv BTC tus nqi yog cov xov xwm uas Google tau ua tiav quantum supremacy. Cov xov xwm no, thawj zaug muab tso rau hauv NASA lub vev xaib thiab tom qab ntawd , coincidentally coincided nrog ib tug cia li poob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Bitcoin network. Ntau tus xav tias qhov kev sib tsoo no txhais tau tias yog hack thiab ua rau cov tub lag luam pov tseg qhov ncaj ncees ntawm Bitcoin. Lawv hais tias vim li no, tus nqi npib tau raug dej nyab los ntawm ntau txog 1500 "tus thawj tswj hwm Meskas tuag." Cov lus xaiv tawv tawv tsis kam tuag thiab raug txhawb los ntawm pej xeem txoj kev ntseeg ruaj khov tias kev txhim kho ntawm quantum suav yog qhov lav kev tuag ntawm blockchains thiab cryptocurrencies.
Lub hauv paus rau cov nqe lus no yog kev ua haujlwm, cov txiaj ntsig tau sib koom hauv 2017 ib pab neeg tshawb fawb uas kawm txog qhov teeb meem ntawm "quantum hem". Hauv lawv txoj kev xav, feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem crypto uas ua rau kev lag luam hauv cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov khoos phis tawj muaj zog quantum. Kuv txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm hauv lub network hais txog qhov hu ua. "quantum vulnerability ntawm blockchains feem ntau thiab cryptocurrencies tshwj xeeb. Tom ntej no yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsom xam thiab kev sib piv ntawm qhov tseeb uas twb muaj lawm txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Bitcoin.
Ob peb lo lus hais txog quantum computers thiab quantum supremacy
Txhua tus neeg uas paub tias quantum computer yog dab tsi, qubit thiab quantum supremacy tuaj yeem nyab xeeb mus rau ntu tom ntej vim lawv yuav tsis pom dab tsi tshiab ntawm no.
Yog li, kom nkag siab zoo txog qhov kev hem thawj uas tuaj yeem yog los ntawm quantum computers, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov cuab yeej no yog dab tsi. Lub computer quantum yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv computer uas siv lub cev tshwm sim los ntawm quantum mechanics los ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv. Ntau precisely, quantum computers yog siv rau kev xam и .
Ua tsaug rau kev siv quantum phenomena nyob rau hauv lub computer mechanisms, lub computer systems muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm kaum thiab pua pua txhiab, thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav ntau lab lub sij hawm sai dua classical computers (xws li supercomputers). Qhov kev ua tau zoo no rau qee qhov kev suav yog vim kev siv qubits (quantum bits).
qubit (quantum ntsis lossis quantum tso tawm) yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas twb muaj lawm rau khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv quantum computer. Zoo li me ntsis, qubit tso cai
"ob eigenstates, denoted {displaystyle |0rangle }|0rangle thiab {displaystyle |1rangle }|1rangle (Dirac notation), tab sis kuj tuaj yeem nyob hauv lawv qhov superposition, uas yog, hauv lub xeev {displaystyle A|0rangle +B|1rangle } { displaystyle A|0rangle +B|1rangle }, qhov twg {displaystyle A}A thiab {displaystyle B}B yog cov lej nyuaj txaus siab rau qhov xwm txheej {displaystyle |A|^{2}+|B|^{2}=1}| A |^{2}+|B|^{2}=1."
(Nielsen M., Chang I. Quantum suav thiab cov ntaub ntawv quantum)
Yog hais tias peb piv ib tug classic me ntsis, uas muaj ib tug 0 los yog ib tug, nrog ib tug qubit, lub me ntsis yog abstractly ib tug dog dig hloov uas muaj ob txoj hauj lwm "on" thiab "tawm". Nyob rau hauv xws li kev sib piv, qubit yuav yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub ntim tswj, qhov "0" yog nyob ntsiag to, thiab "1" yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntim tau. Tus regulator tuaj yeem ua txhua txoj haujlwm los ntawm xoom mus rau ib qho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau ua tus qauv tag nrho ntawm qubit, nws yuav tsum tau simulate lub cev qhuav dej ntawm yoj ua haujlwm, i.e. thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog nws, piv txwv li, saib nws, tus tswj hwm yuav tsum txav mus rau ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm hnyav, i.e. "0" los yog "1".
Qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis, tab sis yog tias koj tsis mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, ua tsaug rau kev siv superposition thiab entanglement, quantum computer yuav tuaj yeem khaws thiab ua haujlwm colossal (rau lub sijhawm tam sim no) cov ntaub ntawv ntau. . Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav siv zog tsawg dua rau kev ua haujlwm dua li cov khoos phis tawj classic. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm quantum mechanics, kev sib piv ntawm kev suav yuav raug lees paub (thaum, kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, tsis tas yuav txheeb xyuas txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm lub xeev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub system), uas yuav ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab nrog tsawg zog noj.
Tam sim no, ntau tus qauv ntawm kev cog lus quantum computers tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis tsis yog ib qho ntawm lawv tau tshaj qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov haib tshaj classical supercomputers tsim. Tsim ib lub computer quantum yuav txhais tau tias ua tiav quantum supremacy. Nws ntseeg tau tias kom ua tiav qhov zoo ib yam ntawm quantum no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim 49-quant quantum computer. Nws tsuas yog lub khoos phis tawj uas tau tshaj tawm thaum lub Cuaj Hli ntawm NASA lub vev xaib, hauv kev tshaj tawm uas ploj mus sai sai tab sis ua suab nrov heev.
Hypothetical txaus ntshai rau blockchain
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm quantum xam thiab quantum cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov ncauj lus no hauv xov xwm, tau ua rau muaj lus xaiv tias lub tshuab xam zauv loj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau cov ntawv faib nyiaj, cryptocurrencies, thiab tshwj xeeb rau Bitcoin network. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov xov xwm tshaj tawm, feem ntau cov kev pab cuam npog cov ncauj lus cryptocurrency, txhua xyoo luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas quantum computers yuav sai sai no yuav puas tau blockchains. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Cornell University scientifically substantiated lub hypothetical muaj peev xwm ntawm ib tug ua tau zoo nres los ntawm ib tug quantum computer ntawm lub Bitcoin network. . Nws yog nyob ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm no uas feem ntau cov ntawv hais txog "Prophecy 2027" tau tsim.
Thaum tsim cryptocurrencies, ib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv nws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cuav (piv txwv li, thaum lees paub qhov kev them nyiaj). Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev siv cryptography thiab cov ntawv sau npe tau muab faib ua haujlwm nrog txoj haujlwm no zoo heev. Cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam tau muab khaws cia rau hauv blockchain, nrog cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm ntawm ntau lab tus neeg koom tes hauv network. Hauv qhov no, txhawm rau hloov cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub network txhawm rau hloov pauv kev hloov pauv (nyem kev them nyiaj), nws yog qhov tsim nyog los cuam tshuam tag nrho cov blocks, thiab qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev pom zoo ntawm ntau lab tus neeg siv. qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv immutability, lub blockchain muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv, nrog rau los ntawm quantum xam.
Tsuas yog tus neeg siv lub hnab nyiaj tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem thiab yooj yim. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej lub hwj chim ntawm ib tug quantum computer tej zaum yuav txaus rau tawg 64 tus lej ntiag tug yuam sij thiab qhov no tsuas yog hypothetically tiag tiag muaj peev xwm rau tej kev hem thawj los ntawm quantum xam.
Hais txog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev hem thawj
Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum nkag siab nyob rau theem twg cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm quantum computers yog thiab qhov twg ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm tawg tau 64 tus lej yuam sij. Piv txwv li, Vladimir Gisin, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Nyiaj Txiag hauv qab tsoomfwv Lavxias, tau hais tias Bitcoin blockchain tuaj yeem raug nyiag hauv lub ntiaj teb uas muaj 100-qubit quantum computers. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias muaj 49-qubit quantum computer, raug liam tias tsim los ntawm Google, tsis tau lees paub.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tsis muaj kev cia siab rau kev kwv yees thaum twg cov kws tshawb fawb yuav ua tiav quantum supremacy, tsawg dua thaum 100-qubit quantum computers yuav tshwm sim. Ntxiv mus, tam sim no, quantum computer systems muaj peev xwm daws tau tam sim ntawd tsuas yog ib qho kev txwv ntawm cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Hloov lawv mus rau hack txhua yam yuav siv xyoo, thiab tej zaum txawm tias kaum xyoo, ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.
Jeffrey Tucker tseem ntseeg hais tias qhov kev hem thawj rau Bitcoin thiab lwm yam cryptocurrencies los ntawm quantum computers yog exaggerated, thiab nws justified nws txoj kev xav nyob rau hauv. "Kev hem thawj rau Bitcoin los ntawm quantum xam." Ntawm lwm yam, Tucker kos cov lus xaus raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm quantum physicist los ntawm Macquarie University hauv Sydney, Dr. Gavin Brenen. Tus Australian physicist muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias:
"Vim tias qib ntawm quantum suav lub zog tam sim no muaj, qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo yuav ua tsis tau."
kuv quote raws li forklog.
Brenen ntseeg hais tias tam sim no quantum infrastructure muaj qhov qeeb quantum rooj vag nrawm piv rau qhov yuav tsum tau tawg tus yuam sij cryptographic.
Nws tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab tias thaum ntsuas quantum hem rau blockchains, suav nrog BTC, cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv lub xeev tam sim no. Cov. lawv ntsuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov yuam sij uas muaj niaj hnub no raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom siv uas yuav tshwm sim hauv 10, 15, thiab tej zaum 50 xyoo txij li tam sim no.
Rov qab rau xyoo 2017, IBM Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Nev Zunich tau hais tias kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog quantum suav yuav tsum tau tsim hnub no. Cov lus no tau hnov, thiab tam sim no tab tom txhim kho , uas twb tau tsim txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv blockchains los ntawm quantum tawm tsam.
Txoj kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv blockchain los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb quantum kev hem thawj yog kev siv ib zaug. , nrog rau kev siv и Merkla.
Co-tus tsim ntawm lub tuam txhab mining infrastructure BitCluster Sergei Arestov ntseeg hais tias cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov tshiab tom qab quantum cryptography yuav negate ib qho kev siv zog rau quantum hack lub blockchain nyob rau hauv 50 xyoo tom ntej. Tus neeg ua lag luam crypto tau muab cov piv txwv ntawm cov haujlwm uas niaj hnub no coj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm quantum computers:
"Hnub no twb muaj cov haujlwm xws li Quantum-Resistant Ledger, uas siv Winternitz ib zaug kos npe algorithm thiab Merkle tsob ntoo, nrog rau quantum-resistant blockchains IOTA thiab ArQit. Nws zoo li tias thaum lub sijhawm muaj cov lus qhia txog kev tsim ib yam dab tsi uas muaj peev xwm nyiag cov yuam sij ntawm Bitcoin lossis Ether hnab nyiaj, cov nyiaj npib no tseem yuav raug tiv thaiv los ntawm quantum suav, ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis zoo. "
Raws li qhov xaus
Tom qab soj ntsuam cov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem ntseeg siab hais tias quantum computers nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj rau cryptocurrencies thiab blockchains. Qhov no muaj tseeb ob qho tib si rau cov tshuab tsim tshiab thiab rau cov uas twb muaj lawm. Kev phom sij ntawm kev nyiag khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam yuav tsum tau pom ntau dua li qhov muaj peev xwm theoretical (provoking lub creation ntawm ntau ruaj ntseg systems) dua li nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev yuav muaj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag.
Cov teeb meem uas theem qhov yuav tshwm sim yog cov hauv qab no:
- "rawness" ntawm quantum xam thiab qhov yuav tsum tau hloov nws rau cov haujlwm sib xws;
- tsis txaus suav lub zog nyob rau yav tom ntej ("quantum supremacy" xws li tsis tau lees tias tus yuam sij 64 tus lej tuaj yeem tawg tau);
- siv post-quantum cryptography los tiv thaiv blockchain.
Kuv yuav ua tsaug rau cov kev xav thiab kev sib tham nyob rau hauv cov lus thiab kev koom tes hauv daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas.
Tseem ceeb!
Crypto cov cuab tam, suav nrog Bitcoin, tsis tshua muaj kev hloov pauv (lawv cov nqi hloov pauv tsis tu ncua thiab nrawm); kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov nqi tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev lag luam Tshuag speculation. Yog li ntawd, txhua qhov kev nqis peev hauv cryptocurrency yog qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Kuv xav pom zoo kom nqis peev hauv cryptocurrency thiab mining tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg uas muaj nyiaj nplua nuj, yog tias lawv poob lawv cov peev lawv yuav tsis hnov cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Tsis txhob nqis peev koj cov nyiaj kawg, koj cov nyiaj khaws cia tseem ceeb kawg, koj tsev neeg cov cuab tam tsawg hauv txhua yam, suav nrog cryptocurrencies.
, nrog rau cov duab .
Tsuas yog cov neeg siv sau npe tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas. thov.
Koj puas xav tias quantum suav yuav dhau los ua kev hem thawj rau cryptocurrencies thiab blockchains hauv 10 xyoo?
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yog, tus sau thiab cov kws tshaj lij underestimate qhov ceev ntawm kev txhim kho technology
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tsis yog, tab sis hauv 15 xyoo lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj
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tsis yog, nws yuav tsum siv sijhawm ntev dua
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Yog lawm, cov kev pabcuam kev txawj ntse thiab cov tsiaj reptilians tau ntev tau muaj quantum supercomputer muaj peev xwm ntawm hacking ib qho blockchain
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nyuaj rau kwv yees, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha txaus rau kev kwv yees
98 cov neeg siv pov npav. 17 cov neeg siv txwv tsis pub siv.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com