Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tham txog qee qhov kev coj ua DevOps, tab sis los ntawm tus tsim tawm qhov kev xav. Feem ntau, txhua tus engineers uas koom nrog DevOps twb muaj ob peb xyoos ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv qab lawv txoj siv. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tsis muaj chaw rau tus tsim tawm ntawm no. Ntau zaus tshaj li qhov tsis, cov neeg tsim khoom tsis khoom kho "cov kab mob tseem ceeb tom ntej ntawm hnub," thiab lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los saib xyuas sai ntawm DevOps teb. Hauv kev nkag siab tus sau, DevOps yog, thawj zaug, kev nkag siab zoo. Qhov thib ob, nws yog lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm zoo dua. Yog tias koj yog tus tsim tawm, muaj kev nkag siab zoo thiab xav ua kom zoo dua li pab pawg neeg ua si, daim ntawv qhia no yog rau koj.
Cia kuv qhia kuv tus kheej, kuv lees paub tias muaj cov neeg hauv chav uas tsis paub kuv. Kuv lub npe yog Anton Boyko, Kuv yog Microsoft Azure MVP. MVP yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog Model-View-Presenter. Model-Saib-Presenter yog raws nraim kuv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tam sim no kuv tuav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm Ciklum. Thiab nyuam qhuav tsis ntev los no kuv yuav kuv tus kheej xws li zoo nkauj sau, thiab kuv hloov kho kuv tus email, uas kuv feem ntau qhia ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Koj sau ntawv tuaj rau kuv ntawm: kuv [dog] byokoant.pro. Koj tuaj yeem xa email rau kuv nrog cov lus nug. Kuv feem ntau teb lawv. Qhov tsuas yog qhov kuv tsis xav tau txais cov lus nug los ntawm email uas cuam tshuam rau ob lub ntsiab lus: kev nom kev tswv thiab kev ntseeg. Koj tuaj yeem sau ntawv rau kuv txog txhua yam hauv email. Qee lub sij hawm yuav dhau mus, kuv yuav teb.
Ob peb lo lus hais txog koj tus kheej:
- Kuv tau nyob hauv daim teb no tau 10 xyoo tam sim no.
- Kuv ua haujlwm ntawm Microsoft.
- Kuv yog tus tsim leej txiv ntawm Ukrainian Azure zej zog, uas peb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 2014. Thiab peb tseem muaj nws thiab tab tom txhim kho nws.
- Kuv kuj yog leej txiv ntawm tus tsim ntawm Azure lub rooj sib tham, uas peb yog hosting nyob rau hauv Ukraine.
- Kuv kuj pab npaj lub Ntiaj Teb Azure Bootcamp hauv Kyiv.
- Raws li kuv tau hais, Kuv yog Microsoft Azure MVP.
- Kuv hais lus ntawm cov rooj sib tham ntau zaus. Kuv nyiam hais lus ntawm rooj sab laj. Xyoo dhau los kuv tuaj yeem ua tau li 40 zaug. Yog hais tias koj hla Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Bulgaria, Sweden, Denmark, lub Netherlands, Spain los yog muab los yog coj mus rau lwm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, ces nws yog heev tau hais tias thaum koj mus rau lub rooj sib tham uas muaj ib tug huab ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv nws kwj, koj tuaj yeem pom kuv ntawm cov npe hais lus.
- Kuv kuj yog tus kiv cua Star Trek.
Wb tham me ntsis txog Agenda. Peb Cov Txheej Txheem yog yooj yim heev:
- Peb mam li tham txog dab tsi DevOps yog. Wb tham vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb. Yav dhau los, DevOps yog lo lus tseem ceeb uas koj tau sau rau ntawm koj qhov kev xav tau thiab tau txais tam sim ntawd + $ 500 hauv cov nyiaj hli. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau sau, piv txwv li, blockchain hauv koj qhov kev xav tau kom tau txais +500 las rau koj cov nyiaj hli.
- Thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum peb nkag siab me ntsis txog qhov no yog dab tsi, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi DevOps kev coj ua. Tab sis tsis yog ntau heev nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm DevOps feem ntau, tab sis hais txog cov DevOps kev coj ua uas tej zaum yuav txaus siab rau developers. Kuv mam li qhia rau koj tias vim li cas lawv thiaj yuav txaus siab rau koj. Kuv yuav qhia rau koj paub tias vim li cas koj yuav tsum ua qhov no tag nrho thiab nws yuav pab tau koj li cas thiaj tsis mob.
Ib daim duab tsoos uas ntau tus neeg qhia. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov haujlwm. Qhov no yog thaum peb muaj kev txhim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm uas txhawb nqa peb cov software. Thiab cov chav haujlwm no tsis sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg.
Tej zaum, yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem hnov ββββnws kom meej meej hauv DevOps thiab chaw ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem kos ib qho piv txwv nrog Dev thiab QA departments. Muaj cov neeg tsim software thiab muaj QA cov neeg phem los ntawm cov neeg tsim tawm qhov kev xav. Piv txwv li, kuv muab kuv tus lej zoo rau lub chaw khaws cia, thiab muaj qee tus neeg phem zaum ntawd uas rov qab cov lej no rau kuv thiab hais tias koj tus lej tsis zoo.
Qhov no tshwm sim vim tib neeg tsis sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg. Thiab lawv pov ib co pob, ib daim ntawv thov rau ib leeg los ntawm ib co phab ntsa ntawm kev to taub yuam kev thiab sim ua ib yam dab tsi nrog lawv.
Nws yog qhov tseeb phab ntsa uas DevOps kab lis kev cai yog tsim los rhuav tshem, piv txwv li. yuam kom tib neeg sib txuas lus thiab tsawg kawg yog nkag siab tias cov neeg sib txawv hauv qhov project ua dab tsi thiab vim li cas lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Thiab thaum peb tham txog DevOps, ib tug neeg yuav qhia koj tias DevOps yog thaum qhov project muaj kev koom ua ke tas li; ib tug neeg yuav hais tias DevOps yog yog tias qhov project siv "infrastructure li code" xyaum; ib tug neeg yuav hais tias thawj kauj ruam rau DevOps yog feature branching, feature chij.
Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov no yog txhua yam muaj tseeb hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Tab sis cov no tsuas yog cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws uas peb muaj. Ua ntej hloov mus rau cov kev coj ua no, kuv xav kom saib cov swb no, uas qhia txog 3 theem ntawm kev siv Dev-Ops txheej txheem hauv koj qhov project, hauv koj lub tuam txhab.
Cov swb no tseem muaj lub npe thib ob uas tsis raug cai. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb hauv online kom paub seb 3 Musketeers ntawm DevOps yog dab tsi. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias koj yuav pom cov kab lus no. Vim li cas 3 Musketeers? Hauv qab no nws hais tias: neeg, txheej txheem thiab cov khoom, i.e. PPP - Porthos, Porthos thiab Porthos. Nov yog 3 Musketeers ntawm DevOps. Kab lus no piav qhia ntau ntxiv vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb thiab nws muaj dab tsi.
Thaum koj pib siv DevOps kab lis kev cai, nws tseem ceeb heev uas nws tau ua raws li hauv qab no.
Thaum xub thawj koj yuav tsum tham nrog tib neeg. Thiab koj yuav tsum tau piav qhia rau tib neeg tias nws yog dab tsi thiab lawv tuaj yeem tau txais qee qhov txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws li cas.
Peb lub rooj sib tham hu ua DotNet Fest. Thiab raws li cov neeg npaj tau hais rau kuv, peb feem ntau tau caw cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm cov neeg tsim tawm ntawm no, yog li kuv vam tias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev koom nrog kev txhim kho.
Peb mam li tham txog tib neeg, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi developers xav ua txhua hnub. Lawv xav tau dab tsi? Lawv xav sau qee tus lej tshiab, siv cov txheej txheem tshiab, tsim cov yam ntxwv tshiab. Cov neeg tsim khoom xav tau dab tsi tsawg kawg? Kho cov kab qub. Kuv vam tias koj pom zoo nrog kuv. Qhov no yog qhov developers xav tau. Lawv xav sau cov yam ntxwv tshiab, lawv tsis xav kho cov kab.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob uas ib tus neeg tsim khoom tsim tawm yog nyob ntawm seb nws txhais caj npab ncaj nraim thiab loj npaum li cas ntawm nws lub xub pwg nyom, thiab tsis yog los ntawm nws lub pob tw. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, thaum peb muaj ib txoj haujlwm loj, qee zaum nws tshwm sim tias nws tsis tuaj yeem taug qab txhua yam, yog li nws yuav zoo rau peb siv qee txoj hauv kev uas yuav pab peb sau cov lej ruaj khov thiab zoo dua.
QAs xav tau dab tsi tshaj? Kuv tsis paub tias lawv nyob hauv lub tsev. Nws nyuaj rau kuv hais tias kuv xav tau QA, vim kuv tsis tau ua ib qho. Thiab tsis muaj kev ua phem rau cov txiv neej, nws yuav hais tias kuv vam tias kuv yuav tsis. Tab sis tsis yog vim li cas kuv xav tias lawv txoj haujlwm tsis muaj nuj nqis thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis vim kuv tsis xav tias kuv tus kheej yog tus neeg uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo, yog li kuv yuav tsis sim ua nws. Tab sis los ntawm qhov kuv nkag siab, qhov QA tsis nyiam feem ntau yog mus ua haujlwm thaum sawv ntxov, tsis tu ncua ua qee yam kev ntsuas kev rov qab los, ua rau tib cov kab uas lawv tau tshaj tawm rau cov neeg tsim khoom 3 sprints dhau los thiab hais tias: "Thaum twg koj yuav. , Monsieur D 'Artagnan, kho tus kab mob no.' Thiab Monsieur D'Artagnan teb nws: "Yog, yog, yog, kuv twb kho nws lawm." Thiab yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim uas kuv kho ib kab thiab ua 5 raws txoj kev.
Cov neeg uas txhawb nqa qhov kev daws teeb meem no xav kom cov kev daws teeb meem no ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kab, yog li ntawd lawv tsis tas yuav rov pib lub server txhua hnub Friday, thaum txhua tus neeg ib txwm mus rau lub bar. Cov neeg tsim tawm tau xa mus rau hnub Friday, cov thawj coj tau zaum txog rau hnub Saturday, sim ua kom tau qhov kev xa tawm no thiab kho.
Thiab thaum koj piav qhia rau tib neeg tias lawv yog tsom rau kev daws cov teeb meem tib yam, koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau formalizing cov txheej txheem. Nws tseem ceeb heev. Vim li cas? Vim hais tias thaum peb hais tias "formalization," nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj los piav qhia tias koj cov txheej txheem tshwm sim li cas tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm daim ntaub so ntswg. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog tias koj, piv txwv li, xa mus rau QA ib puag ncig lossis ib puag ncig kev tsim khoom, ces nws ib txwm tshwm sim hauv qhov kev txiav txim no; ntawm cov theem no peb khiav, piv txwv li, tsis siv neeg ntsuas kev ntsuas thiab UI xeem. Tom qab kev xa tawm, peb xyuas seb qhov kev xa tawm mus zoo lossis tsis zoo. Tab sis koj twb muaj ib daim ntawv teev meej meej ntawm kev ua uas yuav tsum tau rov ua dua thiab ntau dua thaum koj xa mus rau ntau lawm.
Thiab tsuas yog thaum koj cov txheej txheem yog formalized, koj puas pib xaiv cov khoom uas yuav pab tau koj automate cov txheej txheem no.
Hmoov tsis zoo, kuv feem ntau pom qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thim rov qab. Thaum ib tug neeg hnov ββlo lus "DevOps", lawv tam sim ntawd hais kom txhim kho Jenkins, vim lawv ntseeg tias sai li sai tau lawv nruab Jenkins, lawv yuav muaj DevOps. Lawv tau teeb tsa Jenkins, nyeem "Yuav ua li cas" cov ntawv hauv Jenkins lub vev xaib, sim ua cov txheej txheem rau hauv cov ntawv Yuav ua li cas, thiab tom qab ntawd tuaj rau tib neeg thiab khoov tib neeg, hais tias phau ntawv hais tias koj yuav tsum ua li no, yog li peb ua li no.
Nws tsis yog tias Jenkins yog lub cuab yeej phem. Kuv tsis txhais hais tias nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom. Thiab yam khoom twg koj siv yuav tsum yog koj qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg, thiab tsis yog koj thawj zaug. Koj cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tsav los ntawm kev ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj ua. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab, uas yog vim li cas kuv thiaj li siv sijhawm ntau rau ntawm daim swb no thiab piav qhia txhua yam no ntev.
Cia peb tham txog DevOps kev coj ua feem ntau. Lawv yog dab tsi? Qhov txawv yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas sim lawv? Vim li cas lawv tseem ceeb?
Thawj qhov kev coj ua uas koj yuav tau hnov ββββtxog yog hu ua Continuous Integration. Tej zaum ib tug neeg ntawm qhov project muaj kev sib koom ua ke (CI).
Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog feem ntau thaum kuv nug ib tug neeg: "Koj puas muaj CI ntawm qhov project?" thiab nws hais tias: "Yog," ces thaum kuv nug nws ua dab tsi, nws piav qhia rau kuv txog tag nrho cov txheej txheem automation. Qhov no tsis muaj tseeb kiag li.
Qhov tseeb, kev coj ua ntawm CI tsuas yog tsom rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cai uas cov neeg sib txawv sau rau hauv qee yam ntawm cov cai hauv paus. Yog tag nrho.
Nrog rau CI, feem ntau muaj lwm yam kev coj ua raws li txoj kev - xws li Kev Tshaj Tawm Nruam, Kev Tswj Tso Tawm, tab sis peb yuav tham txog qhov ntawd tom qab.
CI nws tus kheej qhia peb tias cov neeg sib txawv sau cov lej thiab cov lej no yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv ib lub hauv paus code.
Qhov no muab dab tsi rau peb thiab vim li cas nws tseem ceeb? Yog tias peb muaj DotNet, qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo, nws yog cov lus sau ua ke, peb tuaj yeem suav peb daim ntawv thov. Yog hais tias nws compiled, ces qhov no twb yog ib tug zoo kos npe rau. Qhov no tsis txhais tau dab tsi tseem, tab sis nws yog thawj lub cim zoo uas peb tuaj yeem sau ua ke tsawg kawg.
Tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem khiav qee qhov kev xeem, uas kuj yog ib qho kev xyaum cais. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas yog ntsuab - qhov no yog qhov thib ob lub cim zoo. Tab sis dua, qhov no tsis txhais tau dab tsi.
Tab sis vim li cas koj yuav ua li no? Tag nrho cov kev coj ua uas kuv yuav tham txog niaj hnub no muaj kwv yees li tus nqi qub, piv txwv li kwv yees li cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam thiab kuj ntsuas kwv yees li tib txoj kev.
Ua ntej, nws tso cai rau koj kom ceev tus me nyuam. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom ceev tus me nyuam li cas? Thaum peb ua qee qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab rau peb lub hauv paus code, peb tuaj yeem sim ua qee yam nrog cov lej no. Peb tsis tos txog hnub Thursday los txog vim hnub Thursday peb tso nws rau QA Ib puag ncig, peb ua nws nyob ntawm no thiab ntawm no.
Kuv yuav qhia koj ib zaj dab neeg tu siab ntawm kuv lub neej. Tau ntev lawm, thaum kuv tseem hluas thiab zoo nraug. Tam sim no kuv twb hluas, zoo nkauj thiab ntse, thiab coj tus yam ntxwv. Qee lub sij hawm dhau los kuv tau nyob hauv ib qhov project. Peb muaj ib pab neeg loj ntawm 30 tus tsim tawm. Thiab peb muaj ib txoj haujlwm loj, loj Enterprise uas tsim tau li ntawm 10 xyoo. Thiab peb muaj ceg sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub repository peb muaj ib ceg nyob rau hauv uas developers taug kev. Thiab muaj ib ceg uas tso tawm cov version ntawm cov cai uas yog nyob rau hauv ntau lawm.
Cov ceg tsim khoom yog 3 lub hlis tom qab ceg uas muaj rau cov neeg tsim khoom. Qhov no txhais li cas? Qhov no txhais tau hais tias sai li sai tau thaum kuv muaj kab laum qhov chaw uas mus rau kev tsim khoom vim yog qhov txhaum ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, vim tias lawv tau tso cai, thiab vim yog qhov txhaum ntawm QA, vim lawv saib nws, qhov no txhais tau tias yog tias kuv tau txais ib qho ua hauj lwm rau hotfix rau ntau lawm, ces kuv yuav tsum yob rov qab kuv code hloov 3 lub hlis dhau los. Kuv yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov kuv muaj 3 lub hlis dhau los thiab sim kho qhov ntawd.
Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau muaj qhov kev paub no, koj tuaj yeem sim nws ntawm koj qhov project hauv tsev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog, tsis txhob sim nws ntawm kev lag luam. Sau ob peb kab code, tsis nco qab txog lawv li rau lub hlis, thiab rov qab los thiab sim piav qhia sai sai txog cov kab ntawm cov lej no hais txog thiab koj tuaj yeem kho lossis kho lawv li cas. Nws yog ib qho kev paub zoo siab heev.
Yog tias peb muaj kev xyaum ua ntu zus, ces qhov no tso cai rau peb tshawb xyuas nws nrog ntau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab tam sim no, sai li sai tau thaum kuv tau sau kuv cov cai. Qhov no yuav tsis muab tag nrho cov duab rau kuv, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tshem tawm tsawg kawg qee qhov kev pheej hmoo. Thiab yog hais tias muaj tej yam kab mob, kuv yuav paub txog nws tam sim no, uas yog, cia nyob rau hauv ob peb feeb. Kuv yuav tsis tau rov qab 3 lub hlis. Kuv tsuas xav rov qab 2 feeb xwb. Lub tshuab kas fes zoo yuav tsis muaj sijhawm los ua kas fes hauv 2 feeb, yog li ntawd txias heev.
Qhov no muaj nuj nqis uas nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua lub sijhawm tom qab lub sijhawm ntawm txhua qhov project, i.e. tsis yog tus uas koj teem rau. Koj tuaj yeem rov ua ob qho kev coj ua nws tus kheej thiab CI nws tus kheej yuav rov ua dua rau txhua qhov kev hloov tshiab koj ua rau qhov project. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los txhim kho cov peev txheej vim tias koj pab neeg ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Koj yuav tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej uas muaj kab laum los rau koj ntawm tus lej koj tau ua haujlwm nrog 3 lub hlis dhau los. Koj yuav tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv ntxiv lawm thaum koj zaum thiab siv thawj ob teev sim nkag siab txog qhov tshwm sim tom qab ntawd thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ua ntej koj pib kho qee yam.
Peb tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ua tiav lossis tsis ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev coj ua no li cas? Yog tias koj qhia rau tus thawj coj loj yam uas peb tau ua ntawm CI qhov project, nws hnov ββblah blah blah. Peb ua raws li nws, OK, tab sis vim li cas, nws coj dab tsi rau peb, peb ntsuas nws li cas, peb yuav ua li cas raug lossis tsis raug?
Thawj qhov yog, ua tsaug rau CI, peb tuaj yeem siv ntau thiab ntau zaus, thiab ntau zaus vim tias peb cov cai muaj peev xwm ruaj khov dua. Ib yam li ntawd, peb lub sijhawm los nrhiav qhov yuam kev raug txo qis thiab lub sijhawm los kho qhov kev ua yuam kev no raug txo kom meej vim tias peb tau txais cov lus teb los ntawm lub kaw lus tam sim no thiab tam sim no, dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog peb cov cai.
Lwm qhov kev coj ua uas peb muaj yog Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas Kev Ua Haujlwm, uas feem ntau tuaj nrog CI xyaum. Lawv mus koom tes.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nkag siab ntawm no? Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias peb cov kev xeem sib txawv. Thiab txhua qhov kev xeem automated yog tsom los daws nws cov teeb meem. Peb muaj, piv txwv li, chav ntsuas uas tso cai rau peb sim ib qho module cais, piv txwv li. Nws ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev? Qhov no yog qhov zoo.
Peb kuj muaj cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib koom ua ke uas tso cai rau peb nkag siab tias qhov sib txawv modules sib koom ua ke li cas. Nws kuj zoo.
Tej zaum peb yuav muaj UI automation xeem uas tso cai rau peb los xyuas seb qhov kev ua haujlwm nrog UI ua tau zoo npaum li cas los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, thiab lwm yam.
Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb uas koj khiav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov koj khiav lawv ntau npaum li cas. Chav ntsuas feem ntau yog sau luv thiab me me. Thiab lawv tuaj yeem raug tso tawm tsis tu ncua.
Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog UI automation xeem, ces nws zoo yog tias koj qhov project me me. Koj qhov kev xeem UI automation tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txaus. Tab sis feem ntau qhov kev xeem UI automation yog qee yam uas siv ob peb teev ntawm qhov project loj. Thiab nws yog qhov zoo yog tias nws yog ob peb teev. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau kev khiav lawv rau txhua qhov tsim. Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab khiav lawv hmo ntuj. Thiab thaum txhua tus tuaj ua haujlwm thaum sawv ntxov: ob tus neeg sim thiab cov tsim tawm, lawv tau txais qee yam kev tshaj tawm tias peb tau khiav UI autotest thaum hmo ntuj thiab tau txais cov txiaj ntsig no. Thiab ntawm no, ib teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov uas yuav kuaj xyuas tias koj cov khoom ua tau raws li qee qhov kev xav tau yuav pheej yig dua li ib teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib QA engineers, txawm tias nws yog Junior QA engineer uas ua haujlwm rau zaub mov thiab ua tsaug. Tag nrho tib yam, ib teev ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm yuav pheej yig dua. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab nqis peev hauv nws.
Kuv muaj lwm qhov project uas kuv tau ua haujlwm. Peb muaj ob lub lis piam sprints ntawm qhov project no. Txoj haujlwm loj, tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam nyiaj txiag, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua yuam kev. Thiab tom qab ob lub lis piam sprint, lub voj voog txoj kev loj hlob tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem sim, uas tau siv 4 lub lis piam ntxiv. Sim xav txog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Peb sau code rau ob lub lis piam, ces peb ua nws ala CodeFreeze, ntim nws mus rau hauv ib tug tshiab version ntawm daim ntawv thov, thiab yob nws tawm mus rau testers. Testers sim nws rau lwm 4 lub lis piam, i.e. Thaum lawv tab tom sim nws, peb muaj sijhawm los npaj ob qho ntxiv rau lawv. Qhov no yog ib rooj plaub tiag tiag.
Thiab peb tau hais rau lawv tias yog tias koj xav ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, nws ua rau kev nkag siab zoo rau koj los ua cov kev coj ua Automated Testing, vim qhov no yog qhov ua rau koj mob siab rau ntawm no, tam sim no.
Xyaum Kev xa mus tas li. Zoo heev, koj tau ua tiav. Qhov no twb zoo lawm. Koj tus lej tau muab tso ua ke. Tam sim no nws yuav zoo rau siv qhov tsim no rau qee qhov chaw. Cia peb hais hauv ib puag ncig rau cov neeg tsim khoom.
Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb? Ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem saib seb koj ua tiav li cas nrog cov txheej txheem xa tawm nws tus kheej. Kuv tau ntsib tej yaam num zoo li no, thaum kuv nug: "Koj ua li cas siv cov ntawv tshiab ntawm daim ntawv thov?", cov txiv neej hais rau kuv: "Peb sib sau ua ke thiab ntim rau hauv zip archive. Peb xa mus rau admin los ntawm kev xa ntawv. Tus admin downloads thiab nthuav cov archive no. Thiab tag nrho lub chaw ua haujlwm pib thov Vajtswv kom tus neeg rau zaub mov yuav khaws cov ntawv tshiab. "
Cia peb pib nrog tej yam yooj yim. Piv txwv li, lawv tsis nco qab tso CSS hauv cov ntaub ntawv lossis tsis nco qab hloov lub hashtag hauv java-script file name. Thiab thaum peb thov rau lub server, tus browser xav tias nws twb muaj cov ntaub ntawv java-script thiab txiav txim siab tsis rub nws. Thiab muaj ib qho qub version, ib yam dab tsi uas ploj lawm. Feem ntau, yuav muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, kev coj ua ntawm Kev Siv Txuas Ntxiv tso cai rau koj kom tsawg kawg kuaj seb yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias koj coj cov duab siv huv si thiab muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig tshiab huv si. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov no coj mus.
Tsis tas li, thaum koj sib koom ua ke code ntawm ib leeg, i.e. nruab nrab ntawm cov lus txib, qhov no tso cai rau koj los saib seb nws zoo li cas ntawm UI.
Ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim qhov twg ntau vanilla java-script siv yog tias ob tus neeg tsim tawm rashly tshaj tawm qhov sib txawv nrog tib lub npe nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais khoom. Thiab tom qab ntawd, nyob ntawm koj txoj hmoo. Nws cov ntaub ntawv java-script yog rub tawm thib ob yuav overwrite cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lwm tus. Nws kuj zoo siab heev. Koj tuaj hauv: ib yam ua haujlwm rau ib tus neeg, lwm yam tsis ua haujlwm rau lwm tus. Thiab nws yog "zoo heev" thaum nws tag nrho tawm hauv kev tsim khoom.
Qhov kev coj ua tom ntej uas peb muaj yog qhov kev coj ua ntawm Automatic Restore, uas yog dov rov qab mus rau yav dhau los ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsim khoom? Tseem muaj cov neeg uas nco txog qhov deb, nyob deb 90s, thaum lub computer loj thiab cov kev pab cuam me me. Thiab tib txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho lub vev xaib yog los ntawm PHP. Nws tsis yog tias PHP yog hom lus phem, txawm tias nws yog.
Tab sis qhov teeb meem txawv. Thaum peb xa ib qho tshiab ntawm peb qhov chaw php, peb tau xa nws li cas? Feem ntau peb qhib Far Manager lossis lwm yam. Thiab upload cov ntaub ntawv no rau FTP. Thiab peb mam li nco dheev pom tau hais tias peb muaj qee cov kab mob me me, piv txwv li, peb tsis nco qab tso ib lub cim lossis tsis nco qab hloov tus password rau lub database, thiab muaj tus password rau lub database, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub zos host. Thiab peb txiav txim siab txuas mus rau FTP sai thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawd. Qhov no yog hluav taws xwb! Qhov no yog qhov nrov hauv 90s.
Tab sis, yog tias koj tsis tau saib daim ntawv qhia hnub, 90s tau yuav luag 30 xyoo dhau los. Tam sim no txhua yam tshwm sim txawv me ntsis. Thiab sim xav txog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej thaum lawv hais rau koj: "Peb tau xa mus rau kev tsim khoom, tab sis muaj qee yam yuam kev nyob ntawd. Ntawm no yog koj FTP tus ID nkag mus thiab lo lus zais, txuas rau kev tsim khoom thiab kho sai sai rau ntawd. " Yog tias koj yog Chuck Norris, qhov no yuav ua haujlwm. Yog tias tsis yog, koj pheej hmoo tias yog tias koj kho ib qho kab laum, koj yuav ua 10 ntxiv. Qhov no yog vim li cas qhov kev xyaum ntawm dov rov qab mus rau yav dhau los version tso cai rau koj ua tiav ntau.
Txawm hais tias ib yam dab tsi phem tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov khoom, ces nws phem, tab sis tsis tuag. Koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau qhov qub version koj muaj. Hu rau nws tus thaub qab, yog tias nws yooj yim dua rau pom nws hauv cov lus ntawd. Koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau qhov version dhau los no, thiab cov neeg siv tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog koj cov khoom, thiab koj yuav muaj sijhawm txaus. Koj tuaj yeem ua siab ntev, tsis muaj nrawm, nqa tag nrho cov no thiab sim nws hauv zos, kho nws, thiab tom qab ntawd rub tawm cov ntawv tshiab. Nws yeej ua rau kev txiav txim siab ua qhov no.
Tam sim no cia peb sim ua ke qee yam ntawm ob qho kev coj ua dhau los ua ke. Peb yuav tau txais qhov thib peb hu ua Release Management.
Thaum peb tham txog Kev Tshaj Tawm Ntxiv rau hauv nws daim ntawv classic, peb hais tias peb yuav tsum rub cov lej los ntawm qee ceg los ntawm qhov chaw cia khoom, sau nws thiab xa mus. Nws yog qhov zoo yog tias peb muaj ib puag ncig zoo ib yam. Yog tias peb muaj ntau qhov chaw, qhov no txhais tau hais tias peb yuav tsum rub tus lej txhua zaus, txawm tias los ntawm tib qho kev cog lus. Peb yuav rub nws tawm txhua lub sijhawm, peb yuav tsim nws txhua lub sijhawm thiab peb yuav xa nws mus rau qhov chaw tshiab. Ua ntej, qhov no yog lub sijhawm, vim tias yuav tsim ib qhov project, yog tias koj muaj qhov loj thiab tuaj ntawm 90s, ces nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb teev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj lwm txoj kev tu siab. Thaum koj tsim, txawm nyob rau tib lub tshuab, koj yuav tsim tib qhov chaw, koj tseem tsis tau lees tias lub tshuab no nyob rau hauv tib lub xeev raws li nws yog thaum lub sij hawm tsim.
Cia peb hais tias ib tug neeg tuaj rau hauv thiab hloov kho DotNet rau koj lossis, hloov pauv, ib tus neeg txiav txim siab rho tawm ib yam dab tsi. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj muaj kev txawj ntse tsis txaus ntseeg tias los ntawm qhov kev cog lus no ob lub lis piam dhau los peb tab tom tsim kev tsim thiab txhua yam zoo, tab sis tam sim no zoo li tib lub tshuab, tib qho kev cog lus, tib txoj cai uas peb tab tom sim tsim, tab sis nws tsis ua haujlwm. . Koj yuav ntsib nrog qhov no ntev ntev thiab nws tsis yog qhov tseeb uas koj yuav pom nws. Tsawg kawg, koj yuav ua rau koj cov hlab ntsha tawg ntau heev.
Yog li ntawd, Kev Tswj Xyuas Tso Cai tawm tswv yim qhia txog kev paub ntxiv ntxiv hu ua artifact repository lossis gallery lossis tsev qiv ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem hu nws txhua yam koj xav tau.
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog tias sai li sai tau thaum peb muaj qee yam kev cog lus nyob rau ntawd, hais tias, hauv ib ceg uas peb npaj siab xa mus rau peb qhov chaw sib txawv, peb sau cov ntawv thov los ntawm qhov kev cog lus no thiab txhua yam peb xav tau rau daim ntawv thov no, peb ntim nws. rau hauv zip archive thiab khaws cia rau hauv qee qhov kev cia siab. Thiab los ntawm qhov chaw cia no peb tuaj yeem tau txais qhov zip archive txhua lub sijhawm.
Tom qab ntawd peb muab nws thiab cia li xa nws mus rau qhov chaw dev. Peb sib tw nyob ntawd, thiab yog tias txhua yam zoo, ces peb xa mus rau theem. Yog hais tias txhua yam yog zoo, ces peb deploy tib archive rau ntau lawm, tib binaries, compiled raws nraim ib zaug.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum peb muaj qhov chaw zoo li no, nws kuj tseem pab peb daws cov kev pheej hmoo uas peb tau hais rau ntawm tus swb kawg thaum peb tham txog rollback rau yav dhau los version. Yog tias koj yuam kev xa ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm, koj tuaj yeem nqa lwm yam dhau los ntawm lub vev xaib no thiab muab nws mus rau qhov chaw ib puag ncig zoo ib yam. Qhov no tso cai rau koj yooj yim yob rov qab mus rau yav dhau los version yog tias muaj ib yam dab tsi mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm.
Muaj lwm qhov kev coj ua zoo. Koj thiab kuv txhua tus nkag siab tias thaum peb thim rov qab peb cov ntawv thov mus rau ib qho dhau los, qhov no yuav txhais tau tias peb kuj xav tau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv dhau los.
Thaum peb tham txog virtual infrastructure, ntau tus neeg xav tias qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas admins teeb tsa. Thiab yog tias koj xav tau, hais, kom tau txais lub server tshiab uas koj xav sim cov ntawv tshiab ntawm koj daim ntawv thov, ces koj yuav tsum sau daim pib mus rau admins lossis devops. Devops yuav siv sijhawm 3 lub lis piam rau qhov no. Thiab tom qab 3 lub lis piam lawv yuav qhia koj tias peb tau teeb tsa lub tshuab virtual rau koj, nrog rau ib qho tseem ceeb, ob gigabytes ntawm RAM thiab lub Windows server yam tsis muaj DotNet. Koj hais tias: "Tab sis kuv xav tau DotNet." Lawv: "Ok, rov qab los hauv 3 lub lis piam."
Lub tswv yim yog tias los ntawm kev siv Infrastructure raws li Code kev coj ua, koj tuaj yeem kho koj cov kev tsim kho virtual tsuas yog lwm qhov chaw.
Tej zaum, yog tias ib tus ntawm koj tab tom tsim cov ntawv thov ntawm DotNet, koj yuav tau hnov ββββtxog lub tsev qiv ntawv hu ua Entity Framework. Thiab tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ββββtias Lub Tsev Nceeg Vaj yog ib txoj hauv kev uas Microsoft nquag thawb. Rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv, qhov no yog txoj hauv kev hu ua Code First. Qhov no yog thaum koj piav qhia hauv code li cas koj xav kom koj database saib. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj xa daim ntawv thov. Nws txuas mus rau lub database, nws tus kheej txiav txim siab uas cov ntxhuav nyob ntawd thiab cov ntxhuav twg tsis, thiab tsim txhua yam koj xav tau.
Koj tuaj yeem ua ib yam nrog koj cov infrastructure. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm seb koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv rau ib qhov project lossis seb koj xav tau Windows server rau ib qhov project. Nws tsuas yog ib qho peev txheej xwb. Thiab koj tuaj yeem automate lub creation ntawm cov peev txheej no, koj tuaj yeem automate lub configuration ntawm cov peev txheej no. Raws li, txhua zaus koj xav sim qee lub tswv yim tshiab, qee txoj hauv kev tshiab, koj yuav tsis tas yuav sau daim pib mus rau devops, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim xa cov txheej txheem cais rau koj tus kheej los ntawm cov qauv npaj ua, los ntawm cov ntawv npaj ua tiav thiab siv nws. muaj tag nrho koj cov kev sim. Koj tuaj yeem rho tawm qhov no, tau txais qee qhov txiaj ntsig thiab tshaj tawm ntxiv txog nws.
Cov kev xyaum tom ntej, uas tseem muaj thiab tseem ceeb, tab sis tsawg tus neeg siv, yog Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Haujlwm.
Kuv xav hais tsuas yog ib qho ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev coj ua no? Qhov no yog dab tsi Application Performance Monitoring yog hais txog tib yam li kho ib chav tsev. Qhov no tsis yog lub xeev kawg, nws yog txheej txheem. Koj yuav tsum ua tsis tu ncua.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev zoo, nws yuav yog qhov zoo los ua Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov tsim, txawm li cas los xij, raws li koj nkag siab, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm ua tau. Tab sis, tsawg kawg, nws yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua qhov kev tso tawm.
Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb? Vim tias yog tias koj dheev ntsib kev poob qis hauv kev ua haujlwm, ces koj yuav tsum nkag siab meej tias yog vim li cas. Yog tias koj pab neeg muaj, hais tias, ob lub lis piam sprints, ces tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua ob lub lis piam koj yuav tsum xa koj daim ntawv thov mus rau qee lub server cais, qhov twg koj muaj cov processor kom meej meej, RAM, disks, thiab lwm yam. Thiab khiav cov kev sim ua haujlwm tib yam. . Koj tau txais qhov tshwm sim. Saib seb nws tau hloov pauv li cas los ntawm kev sib tw dhau los.
Thiab yog tias koj pom tias qhov kev poob qis mus rau qhov twg, nws yuav txhais tau tias nws tsuas yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim hauv ob lub lis piam dhau los. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas thiab kho qhov teeb meem sai dua. Thiab ib zaug ntxiv, cov no yog cov kev ntsuas tib yam uas koj tuaj yeem ntsuas seb koj tau ua tiav li cas.
Cov kev coj ua tom ntej peb muaj yog Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas. Muaj tsawg leej uas ua qhov no tiag. Tab sis ntseeg kuv, qhov no yog qhov tseeb heev.
Tsis ntev los no muaj ib zaj dab neeg funny. Cov txiv neej tuaj rau kuv thiab hais tias: "Pab peb ua kev soj ntsuam kev ruaj ntseg ntawm peb daim ntawv thov." Peb saib cov cai ua ke ntev, lawv tau qhia kuv txog daim ntawv thov, kos duab kos duab. Thiab ntxiv lossis rho tawm txhua yam yog qhov laj thawj, nkag siab, nyab xeeb, tab sis muaj ib qho TAB SIS! Lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa hauv lawv qhov kev tswj hwm, suav nrog cov los ntawm kev tsim khoom nrog IP database, nrog tus ID nkag mus thiab passwords rau txuas rau cov databases, thiab lwm yam.
Thiab kuv hais tias: "Cov txiv neej, tsis ua li cas, koj tau kaw koj qhov chaw tsim khoom nrog firewall, tab sis qhov tseeb tias koj muaj tus ID nkag mus thiab lo lus zais rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm txoj cai hauv qhov kev tswj hwm thiab txhua tus tsim tawm tuaj yeem nyeem nws twb muaj kev nyab xeeb loj heev. . Thiab txawm tias koj daim ntawv thov muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo npaum li cas los ntawm qhov kev pom zoo, yog tias koj tso nws hauv kev tswj hwm, ces koj yuav tsis dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhov twg. " Qhov kuv hais no mas.
Configuration tswj. Tej zaum peb yuav muaj kev teeb tsa sib txawv hauv qhov chaw sib txawv. Piv txwv li, peb yuav muaj kev nkag mus sib txawv thiab passwords rau databases rau QA, demo, ntau lawm ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov kev teeb tsa no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Nws yuav tsum ib txwm cais tawm ntawm daim ntawv thov nws tus kheej. Vim li cas? Vim tias koj tsim daim ntawv thov ib zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd daim ntawv thov tsis quav ntsej seb koj txuas rau SQL neeg rau zaub mov ntawm xws li IP lossis xws li thiab xws li IP, nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm zoo ib yam. Yog li ntawd, yog tias mam li nco dheev ib tug ntawm koj tseem hardcoding txoj hlua kev twb kev txuas nyob rau hauv lub code, ces nco ntsoov tias kuv yuav nrhiav tau koj thiab rau txim rau koj yog hais tias koj pom koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv tib qhov project nrog kuv. Qhov no ib txwm muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev teeb tsa cais, piv txwv li, hauv web.config.
Thiab qhov kev teeb tsa no twb tau tswj hwm nyias, piv txwv li qhov no yog lub sijhawm uas tus tsim tawm thiab tus thawj coj tuaj yeem zaum hauv tib chav. Thiab tus tsim tawm tuaj yeem hais tias: "Saib, ntawm no yog binaries ntawm kuv daim ntawv thov. Lawv ua haujlwm. Daim ntawv thov xav tau ib lub database los ua haujlwm. Ntawm no ib sab ntawm cov binaries muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, daim teb no yog lub luag haujlwm rau tus ID nkag mus, qhov no yog rau tus password, qhov no yog rau tus IP. Siv nws nyob qhov twg." Thiab nws yooj yim thiab meej rau admin. Nws tuaj yeem xa nws mus rau qhov twg los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov kev teeb tsa no.
Thiab qhov kev xyaum kawg uas kuv xav tham txog yog ib qho kev xyaum uas muaj feem xyuam nrog huab. Thiab nws coj cov nyhuv siab tshaj plaws yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv huab. Qhov no yog Automatic tshem tawm ntawm koj ib puag ncig.
Kuv paub tias muaj ntau tus neeg ntawm lub rooj sib tham no los ntawm pab pawg uas kuv ua haujlwm nrog. Thiab nrog txhua pab pawg uas kuv ua haujlwm nrog, peb siv qhov kev xyaum no.
Vim li cas? Tau kawg, nws yuav zoo heev yog tias txhua tus tsim tawm muaj lub tshuab virtual uas yuav ua haujlwm 24/7. Tab sis tej zaum qhov no yog xov xwm rau koj, tej zaum koj tsis tau mloog, tab sis tus tsim tawm nws tus kheej tsis ua hauj lwm 24/7. Tus tsim tawm feem ntau ua haujlwm 8 teev hauv ib hnub. Txawm hais tias nws los ua haujlwm ntxov, nws muaj pluas su loj thaum nws mus rau lub gym. Cia nws yog 12 teev ib hnub twg thaum tus tsim tawm siv cov peev txheej no. Raws li peb txoj cai lij choj, peb muaj 5 tawm ntawm 7 hnub hauv ib lub lis piam uas suav tias yog hnub ua haujlwm.
Raws li, nyob rau hnub ua haujlwm lub tshuab no yuav tsum tsis txhob ua haujlwm 24 teev, tab sis tsuas yog 12 teev, thiab hnub so lub tshuab no yuav tsum tsis txhob ua haujlwm tag nrho. Nws yuav zoo li tias txhua yam yooj yim heev, tab sis dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb los hais ntawm no? Los ntawm kev ua raws li qhov kev xyaum yooj yim ntawm lub sijhawm yooj yim no, nws tso cai rau koj txo tus nqi ntawm kev tswj hwm cov cheeb tsam no los ntawm 70%, piv txwv li koj coj tus nqi ntawm koj tus dev, QA, demo, ib puag ncig thiab muab faib los ntawm 3.
Lo lus nug yog, yuav ua li cas nrog cov nyiaj seem? Piv txwv li, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum yuav ReSharper yog tias lawv tsis tau. Los yog muaj ib tug cocktail tog. Yog tias koj yav dhau los muaj ib puag ncig uas ob qho tib si dev thiab QA grazed, thiab qhov ntawd yog nws, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ua 3 qhov sib txawv uas yuav raug cais tawm, thiab tib neeg yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau ib leeg.
Hais txog tus swb nrog kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, peb tuaj yeem sib piv kev ua tau zoo li cas yog tias peb muaj 1 cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov project, ob lub hlis tom qab muaj ib lab? Yuav ua li cas to taub yog vim li cas thiab dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo?
Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug zoo, vim tias koj yuav tsum ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm tib cov peev txheej. Ntawd yog, koj yob tawm cov lej tshiab, koj ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus lej tshiab. Piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum tau sim cov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv, cia peb hais tias koj xav sim seb daim ntawv thov ua haujlwm li cas ntawm lub teeb thauj khoom, qhov twg muaj 1 tus neeg siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj yog 000 gigabytes. Koj ntsuas nws thiab tau txais cov lej. Tom ntej no peb coj lwm scenario. Piv txwv li, 5 cov neeg siv, database loj 5 terabyte. Peb tau txais cov txiaj ntsig thiab nco txog lawv.
Dab tsi tseem ceeb ntawm no? Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog tias nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej, qhov ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv ib txhij, thiab lwm yam, koj tuaj yeem khiav mus rau qee qhov kev txwv. Piv txwv li, mus rau qhov txwv ntawm daim npav network, lossis rau qhov txwv ntawm lub hard drive, lossis txwv cov peev txheej processor. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj kom nkag siab. Hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv koj khiav mus rau qee qhov kev txwv. Thiab koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov lej thaum koj ntaus lawv.
Puas yog peb tham txog kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo hauv ib puag ncig kev sim tshwj xeeb? Ntawd yog, qhov no tsis yog kev tsim khoom?
Yog, qhov no tsis yog ntau lawm, qhov no yog ib puag ncig kev sim, uas ib txwm zoo ib yam kom koj tuaj yeem sib piv nrog cov kev ntsuas yav dhau los.
To taub ua tsaug!
Yog tsis muaj lus nug, kuv xav tias peb tuaj yeem ua tiav. Ua tsaug!
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com