Tau sib tham hauv cov lus dhau los txog , ΠΈ , peb yuav txuas ntxiv mus sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab cov kev pabcuam uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov OSes no.
Qhov tseeb, tsab xov xwm no tau dhau los ua feem ntau theoretical. Qhov teeb meem yog tias tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab thiab qub nyob rau hauv "tsev" systems. Thiab rov sau dua qhov qub rau lub sijhawm pua ββpua, yam tsis tau ntxiv dab tsi tshiab, Kuv tsis pom qhov taw tes. Yog li yuav muaj kev sib dhos thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Ntxiv rau, tsuas yog Viola, Astra ΠΈ RosaCov. Ntawm Red OS yog (zoo heev rau kuv saj). Tsis tas li ntawd, Rosa cov ntawv hauv Wiki no feem ntau dhau los thiab dhau los, hnub tim 2013-2014 thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev faib khoom qub ... Tab sis rau lwm cov Wiki systems, xav tias lawv tsis muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, rau kev faib tawm uas tsis muaj KB lossis Wiki, peb yuav xav tias koj yuav tsum tau saib hauv Wiki lossis KB ntawm lawv niam txiv faib. Rau YOB CentOS (Red Hat) Astra - Debian Xam laij - Gentoo Red OS - Lub kaus mom liab, AlterOS - openSUSE, Axis CentOS (Red Hat) Ulyanovsk. BSD - FreeBSD, QPO OC - kev txhim kho hauv tsev tag nrho (raws li kev lees paub ntawm nws cov neeg tsim, qhov no tsis yog Linux).
Tsis tas li ntawd, rau tam sim no, kuv yuav hla lub ntsiab lus uas kuv tawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem raws li Microsoft, thiab pib nrog cov hauv paus - DNS, Directory Service, Proxy Server. Thiab tom qab ntawd yuav muaj cov neeg siv-oriented systems thiab cov kev pabcuam, xws li xa ntawv, chaw ua haujlwm, sib tham, thiab lwm yam.
1. Infrastructure
1.1. NWS
DNS-server yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov "tsev" operating systems nyob rau hauv daim ntawv BIND9. Tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab. Thiab tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab hauv kev teeb tsa. Tsuas yog xam tsis muaj nws nyob rau hauv BIND repository.
DDNS - me ntsis nyuab dua, tab sis kuj tsis muaj dab tsi tawm ntawm qhov qub ntawm no.
ROSA's Wiki muaj cov hauv qab no , uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog lub xeev tiag tiag. Yog li peb yuav xav tias cov lus qhia rau kev teeb tsa DDNS rau ROSA yuav tsum tau saib rau qhov cuam tshuam nrog CentOS.
1.2. DHCP
Ntxiv dua thiab, tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab.
1.3. Phau Ntawv Qhia
1.3.1. Astra Linux Directory (ALD)
Nws tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog Microsft Windows OS tshuab rau hauv ALD sau siv cov cuab yeej niaj hnub ntawm Microsft Windows OS.
Tib lub sijhawm, raws li tus neeg siv khoom AD, Astra tau nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv sau cia .
Tsis tas li, raws li tus tswj hwm sau npe hauv Astra Linux tuaj yeem ua SAIB 4. Qhov no tsis yog kev hloov kho ntawm Astra, qhov no yog SAMDA hauv nws daim ntawv qub. .
1.3.2.ED OS lub koom haum ntawm IPA sau, nyob rau hauv uas txhua yam yog piav nyob rau hauv txaus nthuav dav.
1.3.3. ROSA directoryMuaj cov lus hais hauv Is Taws Nem uas ROSA muaj nws tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ROSA Directory Server. Lawv wiki muaj ntawm tus account no. Hnub tim 28 Lub Ob Hlis, 2013. Tseem muaj cov lus hais txog qhov nthuav Rosa Server Setup tool. Thiab kuv pib khawb, nws yog qhov nthuav kom kov.
Feem ntau, hauv R7 tso tawm, tag nrho cov no tau txiav tawm. Raws li kuv nkag siab nws, qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias Rosa tau rov tsim kho raws li CentOS es tsis txhob Mandriva, thiab lawv Cov Ntawv Teev Npe yog raws li Mandriva Directory Server, thiab tsuas yog tsis haum rau CentOS.
Yog li ntawd, raws li nrog rau tag nrho lwm yam kev khiav hauj lwm systems, YOB tuaj yeem ntsia tau SAMBA, thiab siv nws ua tus tswj hwm lub npe.
1.3.4. Alt FreeIPA
Yuav luag tag nrho cov "hauv tsev" kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm raws li tus tswj hwm sau npe raws li SAMBA. Tab sis SAMBA muaj qhov txwv loj thaum ua haujlwm nrog Windows raws li cov neeg siv khoom:
Samba AD DC ua haujlwm ntawm qib ntawm Windows 2008 R2 domain controller. Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv Windows 2012 sau raws li tus neeg siv khoom, tab sis tsis yog tus tswj hwm sau npe.
Yog li, rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm Windows servers thiab chaw ua haujlwm, yog tias peb xav tau lawv, thiab peb xav tau lawv, vim tias muaj cov software uas tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv Linux (cov pob CAD tib yam lossis cov pob software qub rau cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj dab tsi hlo li, tsuas yog Yeej XP, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau nruab), peb yuav tsum tau deploy ib tug raws li lub qhov rais los yog FreeIPA. Kev xa tawm FreeIPA yog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nyuaj, thaum lub Windows-based sau tau xa tawm hauv ob peb teev. Hauv kuv qhov xwm txheej, tus nqi xoom lub sijhawm, vim kuv twb muaj Windows sau npe. Tib lub sijhawm, Linux tuaj yeem nkag mus siv AD. Hauv kev ncaj ncees, kuv nco ntsoov tias Windows tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv FreeIPA.
Qhov no yog li cas kuv coj qhov laj thawj rau vim li cas kuv tsis xav tso Microsoft Windows-based domain controllers. kuv twb muaj lawm. Kuv pom tsis muaj laj thawj los siv sijhawm ntau thiab siv zog retraining cov thawj coj uas tau siv los ua kom yooj yim ntawm Windows graphical interface ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Linux systems. Yog lawm, IPA muaj lub vev xaib interface, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis hloov txhua yam. (Linuxoids feem ntau yuav muab kuv lub quarter rau cov lus no, tab sis raws li Windows admin uas tau tshwm sim los ua haujlwm nrog Linux, Kuv paub tias kuv tab tom tham txog dab tsi. ntawm cov kab ntawm cov cai, ntshai ntawm raug kaw thaum hloov pauv, whereas lub graphical interface nws tus kheej yuav qhia koj txhua yam, sai, piav qhia, tsuas yog nias lub pob thiab nkag mus rau qhov tsim nyog tsis tau. Qhov ntawd yog nws. Kuv hais tawm. Tua!)
Tsuas yog li cas, hais txog deploying IPA server. Mam li nco dheev ib tug yuav pab tau.
1.4. Proxy server
Squid tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv repositories ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov "hauv tsev" operating systems. Kuv tsis paub txog leej twg, tab sis kuv tau siv Squid ntev lawm. kuv nyiam.
ROSA tsis muaj ib tsab xov xwm zoo sib xws hauv Wiki. Tab sis muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev teeb tsa Squiid hauv Is Taws Nem. Thiab qhov teeb tsa yuav txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib installation mus rau tus thawj tswj pob thiab, tejzaum nws, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv config.
1.5. Saib xyuas
Zabbix yog nyob rau hauv repositories Astra, ROSA, Viola, Red OS. Yuav tsis muaj teeb meem nrog qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau xa tawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm cov khoom server, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau hauv lub server tshiab. Yog lawm, peb yuav poob keeb kwm, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv feem ntau. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas qhov no tseem ceeb, koj tuaj yeem tso ob lub servers khiav mus txog thaum cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov server qub dhau los thiab tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm. Thiab ib pliag. , txiav txim los ntawm qhov twg, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias Maria DB yuav raug teev npe dub thiab yuav raug txiav tawm ntawm cov chaw khaws cia ntawm tag nrho cov "hauv tsev" ua haujlwm.
2.User oriented system
2.1. Raws li tau hais hauv , peb muaj Firebird 1.5 lub kaw lus hu ua TEKTON ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ntshuam ntshuam, lub lag luam no yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau ib tug tshiab infrastructure. Firebird muaj versions rau Linux, tab sis version 1.5 tsis yog nyob rau hauv repositories ntawm "tsev" OSes. Thiab tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los hloov mus rau ib qho tom qab, txij li thaum lub hleb ntawm versions 1 thiab 2 ntawm Firebird, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem khaws cia tau hloov pauv, thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav rov sau lawv ... thiab lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm. rau ... thiab tsis muaj qhov taw tes, txij li qhov system no yuav tsum tau hloov nyob rau yav tom ntej 1s. Yog li "thawj zaug" nws yuav muaj peev xwm rub tawm lub pob thiab nruab nws tsis yog los ntawm qhov chaw cia khoom.
2.2. Electronic reporting system OASIS tsis ua haujlwm hauv Linux. Ntxiv mus, OASIS tsis khiav ntawm lwm yam tshaj li MSSQL Server. Yog li, peb xav tau lub tshuab virtual nrog Windows thiab MSSQL Server. Lub Express version yuav txaus, txij li cov ntaub ntawv me me. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm qhov no, txij li kev tshaj tawm mus rau FIU thiab se yog raws li qhov no.
2.3. Raws li a web server MS IIS, tau kawg, yuav tsis ua haujlwm, koj yuav tau siv cov uas suav nrog hauv cov chaw khaws cia Apache los yog Nginx (tom kawg yog nyob rau hauv repositories ntawm ROSA, Alt, xam).
Qhov twg zoo dua? Koj tuaj yeem paub nrog phooj ywg
Txuas rau Wiki:
muaj tsuas yog installation commands, koj yuav tau configure raws li lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, . Los yog tej zaum .
2.4. Kev sib tham hauv tuam txhab nrog kev tso cai los ntawm AD. OpenFire los yog ejabberd. Yooj yim thiab dawb.
Koj tuaj yeem siv txhua yam raws li tus neeg siv khoom sib tham, los ntawm Pidgin ΠΈ Miranda, uas yog nyob rau hauv OS cov rooj sib txoos, thiab xaus nrog ib yam dab tsi nws tus kheej sau.
2.5. Xa ntawv server. Raws li kuv tau hais ntau zaus, Kuv nyiam Zimbra. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau raws li RELS.
Kuj tseem muaj cov pob khoom hauv OS repositories postfix/exim/dovecot.
Hais txog kev teeb tsa Rosa. Lawv wiki muaj , hnub tim 28 Lub Ob Hlis 2013. Qhov teeb meem nkaus xwb yog nws piav qhia txog ib txoj hauv kev siv RSS (ROSA Server Setup), uas, raws li kuv tau hais los saum toj no, raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov kev faib tawm tam sim no. Yog li tam sim no koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia rau kev teeb tsa cov ntawv xa ntawv yam tsis tau khi rau OS. Piv txwv li, .
Koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov kev xaiv ntawm tus tswv software hauv daim ntawv ntawm "MyOffice Server"lossis"CommuniGate Pro". Tab sis kuv tsis nyiam qhov kev xaiv no. Tsawg kawg vim nws tau them. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev txhawb nqa yog qhov zoo, nws yog qhov lav. Tab sis muab tias yuav luag txhua tus thawj coj tuaj yeem lav qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus xa ntawv, qhov xav tau kev txhawb nqa yog nug. Thiab yog tias CommuniGate yog ib qho software pov thawj, ces MyOffice tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2014, thiab kuv tus kheej muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov kab mob uas tseem tuaj yeem ntes tau hauv qhov system no. Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, tus nqi ntawm ob yam khoom, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, yog qhov tsis tsim nyog siab.
2.6. Thaub hauv kev nthuav qhia nthuav tawm Bacula. Customizing tus dab no yog tag nrho epic. Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem no, tab sis nws tseem yog tag nrho cov haujlwm. Tab sis Bacula yog lub cuab yeej muaj zog thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev.
Muab rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias Alt yog tus neeg koom tes ntawm Bacula hauv Russia, peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias cov tshiab tshiab ntawm qhov kev faib tawm no yuav tshwm sim hauv lawv cov chaw cia khoom.
2.7. rau tus neeg xa ntawv Thunderbird, nthuav tawm los ntawm tag nrho cov "hauv tsev" operating systems, Kuv yuav tsis hais dab tsi.
2.8. Hais txog web browsers Mozilla Firefox, nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov "hauv tsev" kev khiav hauj lwm systems thiab Yandex.Browser, uas yuav tsum tau ntsia rau tag nrho cov "hauv tsev" kev khiav hauj lwm systems, kuv kuj yuav nyob twj ywm.
2.9. Office suite. suav nrog tag nrho cov "hauv tsev" operating systems. Nws muaj 2 txoj kev them nyiaj - cov no yog ""Thiab"". P-7 muaj qhov xeem version ntawm cov khoom siv faib khoom "sim". Ua tau . Raws li rau "MyOffice", Kuv yuav cia li tawm ntawm no ΠΈ (Kuv qhia koj kom xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau cov lus pom).
2.10. 1C: UASCov. Piv txwv
Wiki Astra muaj hais txog kev txhim kho 1c ob tus neeg siv khoom thiab cov khoom siv server.
ROSA Wiki muaj . Nws yog qhov coj txawv txawv uas tsis muaj tsab xov xwm ntawm kev teeb tsa lub server, txij li esque tau nce ntawm CentOS. Piv txwv li, ntawm no .
Alt Wiki muaj installation thiab configuration, uas kuj muaj cov kev sib txuas pab tau.
3. Xaus
Zoo, kuv tuaj yeem hais li cas tom qab kawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog kev hloov pauv hloov? Tag nrho cov no yog lus dag. Qhov no nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev tshem tawm imports, nws nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev tshem tawm dependence rau txawv teb chaws developers. Nws tsuas yog hloov ib qho nrog lwm tus, tso cai rau koj noj tsis yog txiv ntxawm txawv teb chaws, tab sis peb cov, cov neeg nyob hauv. Cov se muag yuav mus rau lub xeev cov nyiaj txiag, qhov no yog qhov ntxiv. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov nyiaj yuav xaus rau hauv txhais tes ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj "txiv ntxawm thiab phauj", thiab yuav tsis ncav cuag cov nyiaj ntseeg, qhov no yog qhov rho tawm. Txhua lub lag luam zoo li "Tshiab Cloud Technologies" uas tshaj tawm tias "lawv lub hom phiaj tsis yog kom tau txais kev nplua nuj ntawm kev hloov pauv ntshuam ..." tiag tiag ua raws li lub hom phiaj no, txwv tsis pub yuav tsis muaj cov lus hais, yuav tsis muaj kev foob hauv tsev hais plaub. thiab cov lus hais rau Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Antimonopoly Service. Lawv yuav tsis coj ib daim ntawm LibreOffice thiab rov pleev xim rau hauv "OwnOffice".
Txhawm rau muab cov khoom pub dawb, twb ua los ntawm ib tus neeg, ua kom tiav me ntsis thiab muag nws raws li koj tus kheej, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, tsawg kawg me ntsis nae ... swindle. Tsis yog, lawv, ntawm chav kawm, ua cov txheej txheem kev tiv thaiv, encryption yog nyob ntawd, yog tag nrho, lawv coj txhua yam raws li FSTEC ntawv pov thawj ... Tab sis cov no tseem tsis yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm lawv. Nrog rau kev zam ntawm QP OS, Cryptosoft ua txhua yam los ntawm nws tus kheej. Thiab vim li no, lawv yuav muaj teeb meem kev sib raug zoo, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj software rau lawv OS, kab tsis tau raug ntes, thiab lwm yam. thiab lwm yam. Tab sis lawv tau ua. Alt ua ntej hype nrog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, lawv kuj zoo heev, lawv tsis tau ua rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no, hauv kev ntseeg zoo, vim tias lawv khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm qhov tsis yog lub ntsiab.
Nws tsis yog tias kuv sau lo lus "hauv tsev" hauv cov lus hais, vim tsuas muaj ib lossis ob lub tshuab hauv tsev xwb. Tsuas muaj ib qho kev ua haujlwm xwb. Dab tsi ntawm "kev hloov pauv hloov pauv" peb tab tom tham txog tseem yog qhov tsis paub.
Tsis yog, feem ntau, yog tias koj xav tau tiag tiag thiab siv sijhawm ntau thiab siv zog, ces koj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev pabcuam feem ntau ntawm Linux. Tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum retrain los yog hloov windows cov thawj coj, thiab ua rau lawv liab-qhov muag rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov ntawv nyeem cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis 90% ntawm cov tshuab no yuav tsis nyob hauv tsev, lawv yuav dawb thiab, qee zaus, me ntsis repainted. Nrog boring wallpapers. Feem ntau, tag nrho cov fuss no zoo li kim tsis muaj tseeb. Yog ces yuav hais li cas rau peb? Lub suab nplej hauv qhov kev pabcuam tag nrho no tau xaus rau ntawm lub tswv yim theem, thaum nws tau hais tias qhov zais cia yuav tsum raug xa mus rau peb lub tshuab ruaj ntseg kom "tus yeeb ncuab yuav tsis pom dab tsi." Thiab thaum kawg, nws ua rau tag nrho cov tswv yim ib txwm nchuav tawm hauv peb. Zoo, kev lag luam hauv peb lub teb chaws tau tsim zoo li no - cov nyiaj tau los ntau tshaj plaws ntawm tus nqi tsawg kawg nkaus.
4. Yuav ua li cas?
Caw thiab txhaj tshuaj ... Muaj kev txiav txim - koj yuav tsum ua, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav rau txim rau koj. Tsis paub tias lawv yuav raug txim li cas. Qhov teeb meem yog tias tsis muaj leej twg paub yuav ua li cas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yuav raug kuaj xyuas, suav nrog cov neeg yuav kuaj. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog lub peev xwm siv software los ntawm OS repositories. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau? Nws txwv? Txhua tus siv - yog li koj tuaj yeem ua tau? Tab sis nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm Ministry of Telecom thiab Mass Communications - yog li nws tsis yooj yim sua? Tsis muaj lus teb rau cov lus nug no. Tab sis ib tug neeg qhia siv tib LibreOffice, uas yog ib feem ntawm OS. Caij. Yuav ua li cas yog Zabbix? Ib qho uas suav nrog hauv qhov chaw cia khoom - koj tuaj yeem ua tau, tab sis yog tias koj rub tawm tib lub version los ntawm cov thawj coj - koj ua tsis tau? Lwm yam thiab lwm yam. Thiab qhov twg yog qhov logic ntawm no?
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tsuas yog coj cov kev faib tawm ntawm software siv rau cov ntsuas tau tsim, siv nyiaj ntau ntawm nws qhov kev yuav khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa, thiab cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm los ua haujlwm nrog cov software tshiab rau lawv. Muaj kev xav tias "qhov hnyav ntawm Lavxias txoj cai yog them los ntawm kev xaiv ntawm lawv qhov kev siv", tab sis kev cia siab rau qhov no yog qhov zoo li no ...
5. PS:
Thaum kuv tab tom sau cov ntawv no, kuv yuav tsum tau shovel los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas kuv xav paub seb kuv khaws cia rau hauv kuv lub taub hau li cas. Thiab kuv zoo siab tias cov ntawv xov xwm tau los txog qhov kawg. Tsuas muaj ib tsab xov xwm hais txog QP OC, uas kuv tau cog lus tias yuav sau ntawv rau lawv cov neeg sawv cev hauv kev sib pauv rau lub sijhawm los kov cov kev faib tawm. Tej zaum tom qab ntawd yuav muaj lwm yam hais txog hlau ua ib feem ntawm tib qho kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, tab sis tam sim no qhov no yog pitchfork ntawm dej.
Kuv vam tias cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab txheeb xyuas los ntawm kuv yuav pab tau ib tus neeg hauv txoj haujlwm nyuaj ntawm kev hloov mus rau "hauv tsev" software. Ua tsaug rau nej sawv daws thiab rov ntsib koj dua.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com