Netplan thiab yuav ua li cas npaj nws kom raug

Ubuntu yog qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus, Kuv tsis tau ua haujlwm nrog Ubuntu server ntev thiab tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau kev hloov kho kuv lub Desktop los ntawm qhov ruaj khov version. Thiab tsis ntev dhau los kuv yuav tsum tau daws qhov kev tso tawm tshiab ntawm Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov 18.04, kuv xav tsis thoob tias tsis muaj kev cia siab thaum kuv pom tau hais tias kuv tau dhau mus dhau lub sijhawm thiab tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub network vim qhov qub zoo rau kev teeb tsa network interfaces los ntawm kho qhov /etc/network file /interfaces tau ploj mus lawm. Thiab dab tsi tuaj los hloov nws? ib yam dab tsi txaus ntshai thiab thaum xub thawj siab ib muag kiag li incomprehensible, raws li "Netplan".

Ua kom ncaj ncees, thaum xub thawj kuv tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi thiab "vim li cas qhov no xav tau, vim tias txhua yam yooj yim heev," tab sis tom qab kev xyaum me ntsis kuv pom tau tias nws muaj nws tus kheej ntxim nyiam. Thiab txaus ntawm cov nkauj, Cia peb txuas ntxiv nrog qhov Netplan yog dab tsi, qhov no yog qhov siv hluav taws xob tshiab rau kev teeb tsa network hauv Ubuntu, tsawg kawg "Kuv tsis tau pom dab tsi zoo li no hauv lwm qhov kev faib tawm." Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Netplan yog qhov kev teeb tsa tau sau ua lus. YAML, yog, koj hnov ​​​​YAML txoj cai, cov neeg tsim khoom tau txiav txim siab ua raws li lub sijhawm (thiab txawm tias lawv qhuas nws npaum li cas, kuv tseem xav tias nws yog lus txaus ntshai). Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm cov lus no yog tias nws rhiab heev rau qhov chaw, cia peb saib cov config siv ib qho piv txwv.

Cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa nyob ntawm txoj kev /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, ntawm txhua qhov thaiv yuav tsum muaj + 2 qhov chaw.

1) Tus qauv header zoo li no:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Cia peb saib seb peb tau ua dab tsi tam sim no:

• network: - qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm kev teeb tsa thaiv.
• renderer: networkd - ntawm no peb qhia tus saib xyuas lub network peb yuav siv, qhov no yog networkd lossis NetworkManager
• version: 2 - ntawm no, raws li kuv nkag siab nws, yog YAML version.
• ethernet: - qhov thaiv no qhia tias peb yuav teeb tsa ethernet raws tu qauv.
• enps0f0: — qhia seb lub network adapter twg peb yuav teeb tsa.
• dhcp4: tsis yog - lov tes taw DHCP v4, rau 6 v6 dhcp6 feem

2) Cia peb sim muab IP chaw nyob:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Ntawm no peb teeb lub poppy, ipv4, rooj vag thiab dns server. Nco ntsoov tias yog tias peb xav tau ntau tshaj ib tus IP chaw nyob, ces peb sau lawv sib cais los ntawm commas nrog rau qhov chaw yuav tsum tau tom qab.

3) Yuav ua li cas yog tias peb xav tau tsevneeg?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

• bonds: - ib qho thaiv piav qhia tias peb yuav teeb tsa kev sib raug zoo.
• bond0: - arbitrary interface npe.
• interfaces: - ib txheej ntawm cov interfaces sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus-ding, "raws li tau hais ua ntej, yog hais tias muaj ob peb tsis, peb piav lawv nyob rau hauv square brackets."
• parameters: — piav qhia qhov parameter nqis thaiv
• hom: — qhia meej hom los ntawm kev sib txuas yuav ua haujlwm.
• mii-monitor-interval: - teem caij saib xyuas rau 1 thib ob.

Hauv qhov thaiv lub npe daim ntawv cog lus, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa qhov tsis xws li chaw nyob, rooj vag4, txoj kev, thiab lwm yam.

Peb tau ntxiv redundancy rau peb lub network, tam sim no txhua yam uas tseem yog rau nruab vlan thiab kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem suav tias ua tiav.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

• vlans: — tshaj tawm vlan configuration thaiv.
• vlan10: — arbitrary lub npe ntawm vlan interface.
• id: — tag of our vlan.
• txuas: — interface uas lub vlan yuav nkag tau.
• txoj kev: — tshaj tawm txoj kev piav qhia thaiv.
• — rau: — teeb qhov chaw nyob/subnet rau txoj kev xav tau.
• ntawm: - qhia lub rooj vag uas peb lub subnet yuav nkag tau.
• on-link: - peb qhia tias txoj kev yuav tsum nco ntsoov sau npe thaum qhov txuas tau nce.

Ua tib zoo saib seb kuv tso qhov chaw li cas; qhov no tseem ceeb heev hauv YAML.

Yog li peb tau piav qhia txog lub network interfaces, tsim kev sib txuas, thiab txawm tias ntxiv vlans. Cia peb siv peb lub config, netplan siv cov lus txib yuav tshawb xyuas peb cov config rau qhov yuam kev thiab siv nws yog tias ua tiav.

Tom qab sau tag nrho cov blocks dhau los ntawm cov lej, qhov no yog qhov peb tau txais:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]
    

Tam sim no peb lub network tau npaj txhij rau kev ua haujlwm, txhua yam ua rau tsis txaus ntshai raws li nws zoo li thaum xub thawj thiab cov cai tau hloov mus ua qhov zoo nkauj heev thiab nyeem tau. PC ua tsaug rau netplan muaj ib phau ntawv zoo heev ntawm qhov txuas https://netplan.io/.

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com