0. Taw qhia, los yog me ntsis offtopicKab lus no tau yug los tsuas yog vim nws nyuaj heev los nrhiav cov yam ntxwv sib piv ntawm cov software, lossis txawm tias tsuas yog ib daim ntawv teev npe, hauv ib qho chaw. Peb yuav tsum shovel ib pawg ntawm cov khoom los mus rau yam tsawg kawg ib yam ntawm cov lus xaus.
Hauv qhov no, kuv tau txiav txim siab txuag lub sijhawm me ntsis thiab kev siv zog rau cov neeg uas xav paub txog qhov teeb meem no, thiab sau rau hauv ib qho chaw siab tshaj plaws, nyeem tau los ntawm kuv, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuab rau network mapping'a hauv ib qho chaw.
Qee lub tshuab tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no tau sim los ntawm kuv tus kheej. Feem ntau yuav, cov no yog outdated versions tam sim no. Kuv pom qee qhov hauv qab no thawj zaug, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv tau sau los ua ib feem ntawm kev npaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no.
Vim qhov tseeb tias kuv tau kov lub tshuab tau ntev, thiab tsis tau kov qee qhov ntawm lawv, kuv tsis muaj cov screenshots lossis cov piv txwv. Yog li kuv rov kho kuv qhov kev paub hauv Google, wiki, hauv youtube, cov chaw tsim tawm, kuv khawb qhov screenshots nyob ntawd, thiab vim li ntawd kuv tau txais cov ntsiab lus zoo li no.
1. Txoj kev xav
1.1. Rau dab tsi?
Los teb cov lus nug "Vim li cas?" Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias "Network Map" yog dab tsi. Network daim ntawv qhia - (feem ntau) ib tug logical-graphical-schematic sawv cev ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm network pab kiag li lawm thiab lawv cov kev twb kev txuas, uas piav txog lawv cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis thiab cov khoom. Niaj hnub no, nws yog feem ntau siv nrog kev saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ceeb toom. Yog li: tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau kom muaj lub tswv yim txog qhov chaw ntawm lub network nodes, lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lawv. Nrog rau kev saib xyuas, peb tau txais cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm rau kev kuaj xyuas tus cwj pwm thiab kwv yees tus cwj pwm ntawm lub network.
1.2. L1, L2, L3
Lawv kuj yog Txheej 1, Txheej 2 thiab Txheej 3 raws li OSI qauv. L1 - qib ntawm lub cev (xaim thiab hloov), L2 - lub cev qhov chaw nyob (mac-chaw nyob), L3 - qhov chaw nyob (IP-chaw nyob).
Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj qhov taw tes hauv kev tsim daim ntawv qhia L1, nws cov laj thawj ua raws los ntawm tib lub L2, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb, tej zaum, ntawm cov hloov pauv xov xwm. Thiab ces, tam sim no muaj xov xwm converters uas kuj yuav taug qab.
Logically - L2 tsim ib daim ntawv qhia network raws li mac-chaw nyob ntawm cov nodes, L3 - ntawm tus IP chaw nyob ntawm cov nodes.
1.3. Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi los tso saib
Nws nyob ntawm cov dej num yuav daws tau thiab xav tau. Piv txwv li, kuv ib txwm xav nkag siab tias daim hlau nws tus kheej yog "tsim", ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj nws "hangs" thiab nyob rau hauv lub xeev qhov chaw nres nkoj nce lossis nqis. Nws yuav yog L2. Thiab feem ntau, L2 zoo li rau kuv qhov siv tau tshaj plaws network map topology hauv kev nkag siab siv. Tab sis, saj thiab xim ...
Kev sib txuas ceev ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis yog qhov phem, tab sis tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias muaj cov cuab yeej kawg nyob ntawd - lub tshuab luam ntawv PC. Nws yuav yog qhov zoo uas tuaj yeem pom cov theem ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom, tus nqi ntawm RAM dawb thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm daim hlau. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog yooj yim dua, ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lub kaw lus saib xyuas uas tuaj yeem nyeem SNMP thiab tso saib thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tau txais. Xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no tom qab.
Hais txog L3, kuv pom qhov no .
1.4. Ua li cas?
Nws tuaj yeem ua tau manually, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav. Yog hais tias los ntawm txhais tes, ces rau lub sij hawm ntev thiab koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub tib neeg yam. Yog tias ua tau, ces koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias txhua yam khoom siv hauv network yuav tsum yog "ntse", siv SNMP, thiab SNMP no yuav tsum raug teeb tsa kom raug kom lub kaw lus uas yuav sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lawv tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntaub ntawv no.
Zoo li tsis nyuaj. Tab sis muaj pitfalls. Pib nrog qhov tseeb tias tsis yog txhua lub kaw lus yuav tuaj yeem nyeem tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas peb xav pom los ntawm lub cuab yeej, lossis tsis yog txhua lub network pabcuam tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv no, thiab xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias tsis yog txhua qhov system tuaj yeem tsim cov duab qhia chaw hauv network. hom tsis siv neeg.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim daim ntawv qhia tsis siv neeg yog kwv yees li hauv qab no:
- lub kaw lus nyeem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov khoom siv network
- Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, nws tsim ib lub rooj ntawm qhov chaw nyob sib txuam ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub router
- phim cov chaw nyob thiab cov npe khoom siv
- tsim cov chaw nres nkoj-portdevice kev sib txuas
- kos tag nrho cov no hauv daim duab kos duab, "intuitive" rau tus neeg siv
2. xyaum
Yog li, cia peb tham tam sim no txog dab tsi koj tuaj yeem siv los tsim ib daim ntawv qhia network. Cia peb ua qhov pib taw tes uas peb xav tau, ntawm chav kawm, automate cov txheej txheem no ntau li ntau tau. Zoo, uas yog, Xim thiab MS Visio tsis yog lawm... tab sis... Tsis yog, lawv yog.
Muaj cov software tshwj xeeb uas daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim lub network daim ntawv qhia. Qee cov khoom lag luam software tsuas tuaj yeem muab ib puag ncig rau "manually" ntxiv cov duab nrog cov khoom, kos duab txuas, thiab tso tawm "saib xyuas" hauv daim ntawv luv luv (txawm tias lub node tseem ciaj sia lossis tsis teb ntxiv lawm). Lwm tus tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog kos duab kos duab ntawm lawv tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyeem ntau qhov tsis sib xws los ntawm SNMP, ceeb toom rau tus neeg siv ntawm SMS thaum muaj kev tawg, muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub network hardware, thiab tag nrho cov no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov kev ua haujlwm (tib yam NetXMS).
2.1. Cov khoom
Daim ntawv teev npe nyob deb ntawm kev ua tiav, vim muaj ntau ntawm cov software zoo li no. Tab sis qhov no yog txhua yam uas Google muab rau lub ntsiab lus (nrog rau cov chaw hais lus Askiv):
Qhib qhov project:
LanTopoLog
Nagios
Icinga
NeDi
Pandora FMS
PRTG
NetXMS
Zabbix
Them nyiaj tej yaam num:
LanState
Total Network Monitor
Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
UVexplorer
Auvik
AdRem NetCrunch
2.2.1. Dawb software
2.2.1.1. LanTopoLog
Software tsim los ntawm Yuri Volokitin. Lub interface yog yooj yim npaum li nws ua tau. Softina txhawb nqa, cia peb hais, semi-automatic network tsev. Nws yuav tsum "paub" qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov routers (IP, SNMP daim ntawv pov thawj), ces txhua yam yuav tshwm sim los ntawm nws tus kheej, uas yog, kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv yuav raug tsim los qhia cov chaw nres nkoj.
Muaj them nyiaj thiab dawb versions ntawm cov khoom.
2.2.1.2. Nagios
Open Source software tau nyob ib puag ncig txij li xyoo 1999. Lub kaw lus tau tsim los rau kev saib xyuas network, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm SNMP thiab cia li tsim ib daim ntawv qhia network, tab sis vim qhov no tsis yog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, nws ua qhov no hauv txoj kev coj txawv txawv ... NagVis yog siv. tsim daim duab qhia chaw.
2.2.1.3. Icinga
Icinga yog qhov qhib qhov system uas ib zaug tawm ntawm Nagios. Lub kaw lus tso cai rau koj los tsim cov duab qhia chaw network. Qhov teeb meem nkaus xwb yog tias nws tsim cov duab qhia chaw siv NagVis addon, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Nagios, yog li peb yuav xav tias ob lub tshuab no zoo ib yam ntawm kev tsim daim ntawv qhia network.
2.2.1.4 ib. NeDi
Muaj peev xwm ntes tau cov nodes hauv lub network, thiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, tsim ib daim ntawv qhia network. Lub interface yog yooj yim heev, muaj cov xwm txheej saib xyuas ntawm SNMP.
Muaj dawb thiab them nyiaj versions ntawm cov khoom.
2.2.1.5. Pandora FMS
Muaj peev xwm hauv nws pib nrhiav, pib tsim lub network, SNMP. Zoo interface.
Muaj dawb thiab them nyiaj versions ntawm cov khoom.
2.2.1.6. PRTG
Lub software tsis paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li tsim tau ib daim ntawv qhia network, tsuas yog manually rub thiab xa cov duab. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm SNMP. Lub interface yoojyim ntau yam xav tau, hauv kuv lub tswv yim kev xav.
30 hnub - tag nrho functionality, ces - "dawb version".
2.2.1.7. NetXMS
NetMXS feem ntau yog qhib qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhov system, tsim lub network daim ntawv qhia yog ib sab muaj nuj nqi. Tab sis nws yog siv heev neatly. Tsis siv neeg lub tsev raws li nws pib-nrhiav, qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm SNMP, tuaj yeem taug qab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj router thiab lwm yam kev txheeb cais.
2.2.1.8. Zabbix
Zabbix tseem yog qhov qhib qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhov system, hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab muaj zog dua li NetXMS, tab sis nws tsuas tuaj yeem tsim cov duab qhia hauv network hauv phau ntawv hom, tab sis nws tuaj yeem saib xyuas yuav luag txhua qhov tsis sib xws ntawm router, cov ntawv sau uas tsuas yog tuaj yeem teeb tsa.
2.2.2. Them software
2.2.2..1 Lan State
Them software uas tso cai rau koj tuaj yeem luam theej duab lub network topology thiab tsim ib daim ntawv qhia network raws li cov cuab yeej kuaj pom. Tso cai rau koj los saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej kuaj pom tsuas yog los ntawm kev nce ntawm cov ntawm nws tus kheej.
2.2.2.2. Total Network Monitor
Them software uas tsis cia li tsim ib daim ntawv qhia network. Tsis txawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li pom cov nodes. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog tib Visio, tsuas yog tsom rau network topology. Tso cai rau koj los saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej kuaj pom tsuas yog los ntawm kev nce ntawm cov ntawm nws tus kheej.
Crap! Kuv sau saum toj no tias peb tsis kam Paint thiab Visio ... Okay, cia nws ua.
Kuv tsis pom phau ntawv qhia video, thiab kuv tsis xav tau ... Qhov kev pab cuam yog li ntawd.
2.2.2.3. Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
Them software, muaj lub sijhawm sim. Nws tuaj yeem luam theej duab lub network thiab tsim ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm nws tus kheej raws li cov kev txwv tsis pub dhau. Lub interface yog heev yooj yim thiab qab ntxiag.
2.2.2.4 ib. UVexplorer
Them software, 15-hnub sim. Nws muaj peev xwm pib-ntaus thiab cia li kos ib daim ntawv qhia, saib xyuas cov cuab yeej tsuas yog nce / nqis lub xeev, uas yog, los ntawm ntaus ntawv ping.
2.2.2.5. Auvik
Zoo nkauj zoo them cov kev pab cuam uas tuaj yeem pib-nrhiav thiab saib xyuas cov khoom siv hauv network.
2.2.2.6. AdRem NetCrunch
Them software nrog 14-hnub sim. Muaj peev xwm autodetect thiab autobuild lub network. Lub interface tsis ua rau muaj kev txaus siab. Kuj tseem tuaj yeem saib xyuas hauv SNMP.
3. Sib piv phaj
Raws li nws tau muab tawm, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los ua kom muaj qhov cuam tshuam thiab tseem ceeb rau kev sib piv cov tshuab thiab tib lub sijhawm haum rau lawv rau hauv ib lub phaj me me. Nov yog qhov kuv tau txais:
* Qhov "User Friendly" kev teeb tsa yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thiab kuv nkag siab qhov ntawd. Tab sis yuav ua li cas ntxiv los piav txog "clumsiness thiab unreadability" kuv tsis tuaj nrog.
** "Kev saib xyuas tsis yog lub network nkaus xwb" txhais tau tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus yog "kev saib xyuas" hauv qhov kev nkag siab ib txwm ntawm lo lus no, uas yog, muaj peev xwm nyeem cov ntsuas los ntawm OS, virtualization hosts, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntawv thov hauv qhua. OS, etc.
4. Kev xav ntawm tus kheej
Los ntawm kev paub txog tus kheej, kuv tsis pom lub ntsiab lus hauv kev siv software cais rau kev saib xyuas network. Kuv txaus siab rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov kev soj ntsuam xyuas rau txhua yam thiab txhua tus muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib daim ntawv qhia network. Zabbix muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj nrog qhov no. Nagios thiab Icinga ib yam nkaus. Thiab tsuas yog NetXSM txaus siab rau qhov no. Txawm hais tias, yog tias koj tsis meej pem thiab ua ib daim ntawv qhia hauv Zabbix, ces nws zoo li muaj kev cia siab ntau dua li NetXMS. Kuj tseem muaj Pandora FMS, PRTG, Solarwinds NTM, AdRem NetCrunch, thiab feem ntau yuav muaj ib pawg ntawm lwm yam uas tsis suav nrog hauv tsab xov xwm no, tab sis kuv tsuas pom lawv hauv cov duab thiab yeeb yaj kiab, yog li kuv tsis tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog lawv.
Txog NetXMS tau sau nrog ib tug me me txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lub system muaj peev xwm thiab me me yuav ua li cas.
PS:
Yog tias kuv tau ua yuam kev nyob qhov twg, thiab kuv feem ntau yuav ua yuam kev, thov, kho nws hauv cov lus, Kuv yuav kho cov kab lus kom cov neeg uas pom cov ntaub ntawv no muaj txiaj ntsig tsis tas yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas txhua yam los ntawm lawv tus kheej kev paub.
Ua tsaug.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com