Nyob zoo Habr! Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia koj seb nws puas tsim nyog npaj RAID arrays raws li cov kev daws teeb meem hauv xeev SATA SSD thiab NVMe SSD, thiab puas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig loj los ntawm qhov no? Peb tau txiav txim siab los saib rau hauv qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev txiav txim siab txog hom thiab hom kev tswj hwm uas tso cai rau qhov no ua tiav, nrog rau cov peev txheej ntawm kev siv cov kev teeb tsa zoo li no.
Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, peb txhua tus tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv peb lub neej tau hnov ββcov ntsiab lus xws li "RAID", "RAID-array", "RAID-controller", tab sis nws tsis zoo li peb tau txuas qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov no, vim tias tag nrho cov no yog. Tsis zoo li ib tug dog dig PC boyar Ntxim nyiam. Tab sis txhua tus xav tau kev kub ceev los ntawm kev tsav sab hauv thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj teeb meem npaum li cas lub khoos phis tawj kho vajtse muaj zog npaum li cas, qhov nrawm ntawm lub tsav dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj zog thaum nws los txog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm PC thiab server.
Qhov no yog qhov tseeb kom txog rau thaum ib txwm HDDs tau hloov los ntawm niaj hnub NVMe SSDs nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 1 TB lossis ntau dua. Thiab yog tias ua ntej hauv PCs feem ntau muaj kev sib txuas ntawm SATA SSD + ob peb lub capacious HDDs, hnub no lawv tau pib hloov los ntawm lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem - NVMe SSD + ob peb lub capacious SATA SSDs. Yog tias peb tham txog cov tuam txhab servers thiab "huab," ntau tus twb tau ua tiav mus rau SATA SSDs, tsuas yog vim tias lawv tau nrawm dua li cov "cov kaus poom" thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau dua ntawm I / O kev ua haujlwm ib txhij.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm lub kaw lus tseem nyob rau theem qis: peb tsis tuaj yeem, xws li hauv "Kev Sib Tw ntawm Psychics," kwv yees nrog qhov tseeb ntawm txawm tias mus txog ib lub lis piam thaum lub zog tshwj xeeb-xeev yuav tuag. Thiab yog tias HDDs "tuag" maj mam, tso cai rau koj ntes cov tsos mob thiab ua haujlwm, ces SSDs "tuag" tam sim ntawd thiab tsis ceeb toom. Thiab tam sim no yog lub sijhawm los txiav txim siab vim li cas txhua qhov no xav tau txhua? Puas tsim nyog npaj RAID arrays raws li cov kev daws teeb meem hauv xeev SATA SSD thiab NVMe SSD, thiab puas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig loj los ntawm qhov no?
Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau RAID array?
Lo lus "array" twb txhais tau hais tias ntau lub drives (HDD thiab SSD) tau siv los tsim nws, uas tau ua ke siv RAID maub los thiab lees paub los ntawm OS ua ib qho kev khaws cia. Kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb uas RAID arrays tuaj yeem daws tau yog txo qis cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau lub sijhawm, nce kev nyeem / sau nrawm thiab kev ntseeg tau, uas ua tiav ua tsaug rau lub peev xwm rov qab sai thaum muaj kev ua tsis tiav. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tsis yog txhua qhov tsim nyog siv RAID rau kev thaub qab hauv tsev. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj koj tus kheej lub tsev neeg rau zaub mov, uas koj xav tau kev nkag mus tas li 24/7, qhov ntawd yog qhov txawv.
Muaj ntau tshaj kaum tawm qib ntawm RAID arrays, txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsav siv hauv nws thiab nws muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo: piv txwv li, RAID 0 tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev ua haujlwm siab yam tsis muaj kev zam txim, RAID 1 tso cai rau koj mus cia li tsom iav cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis tau nce ceev, thiab RAID 10 sib txuas muaj qhov ua tau ntawm cov saum toj no. RAID 0 thiab 1 yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws (vim lawv tsis xav tau kev suav software) thiab, vim li ntawd, qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Thaum kawg, kev xaiv hauv kev pom zoo ntawm ib lossis lwm qib RAID nyob ntawm cov haujlwm uas tau muab rau disk array thiab lub peev xwm ntawm RAID maub los.
Tsev thiab tuam txhab RAID: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv?
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no yog cov ntaub ntawv loj uas yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv tuam txhab servers. Thiab tseem, raws li peb tau sau tseg saum toj no, lawv yuav tsum tau muab kev nkag mus tas li 24/7. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias, nrog rau kev kho vajtse, software feem tseem ceeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb tseem tab tom tham txog cov cuab yeej uas ua kom ntseeg tau ruaj khov thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis muaj software yuav cawm lub tuam txhab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog tias kho vajtse tsis ua raws li cov haujlwm tau muab rau nws.
Rau cov haujlwm no, txhua lub chaw tsim khoom kho vajtse muab cov khoom siv ua lag luam. Kingston muaj cov kev daws teeb meem muaj zog hauv lub xeev hauv daim ntawv ntawm SATA qauv ΠΈ , as well as NVMe qauv DC1000M U.2 NVMe, DCU1000 U.2 NVMe thiab DCP-1000 PCI-e, npaj rau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw thiab supercomputers. Arrays ntawm cov drives no feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog cov cuab yeej kho vajtse.
Rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam (uas yog, rau PCs hauv tsev thiab NAS servers), tsav xws li NVMe PCIe, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau mus yuav ib tug kho vajtse maub los. Koj tuaj yeem txwv koj tus kheej rau lub PC lossis NAS server tsim rau hauv motherboard, tshwj tsis yog tias koj npaj yuav sib sau ua ke lub tsev server koj tus kheej rau cov haujlwm atypical (pib lub tsev me me rau cov phooj ywg, piv txwv). Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv tsev RAID arrays, raws li txoj cai, tsis tas yuav muaj ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab tus tsav tsheb, raug txwv rau ob, plaub thiab yim khoom siv (feem ntau SATA).
Hom thiab hom RAID controllers
Muaj peb hom RAID controllers raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv RAID arrays:
1. Software, nyob rau hauv uas kev tswj array ntog rau ntawm CPU thiab DRAM (uas yog, qhov program code raug tua ntawm lub processor).
2. Integrated, uas yog, ua rau hauv cov motherboards ntawm lub PC lossis NAS server.
3. Kho vajtse (modular), uas yog discrete expansion cards rau PCI/PCIe connectors ntawm motherboards.
Lawv qhov txawv ntawm ib leeg yog dab tsi? Software RAID controllers tsis zoo rau kev sib koom ua ke thiab cov khoom siv kho vajtse nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev zam txim, tab sis tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias tus tswv system lub processor muaj zog txaus los khiav RAID software yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv thov uas tseem khiav ntawm tus tswv tsev. Integrated controllers feem ntau yog nruab nrog lawv tus kheej cache nco thiab siv qee qhov nyiaj ntawm CPU.
Tab sis cov khoom siv kho vajtse muaj ob qho tib si lawv tus kheej cache nco thiab ib lub processor built-in rau kev ua tiav software algorithms. Feem ntau, lawv tso cai rau koj siv txhua hom RAID qib thiab txhawb nqa ntau hom tsav ib zaug. Piv txwv li, niaj hnub kho vajtse controllers los ntawm Broadcom tuaj yeem txuas SATA, SAS thiab NVMe ib txhij, uas tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob hloov tus maub los thaum hloov kho cov servers: tshwj xeeb, thaum tsiv ntawm SATA SSD rau NVMe SSD, cov tswj tsis tas yuav hloov pauv.
Qhov tseeb, ntawm daim ntawv no peb tuaj rau typology ntawm cov tswj lawv tus kheej. Yog tias muaj peb hom, puas yuav tsum muaj lwm tus? Hauv qhov no, lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no yuav yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev lees paub. Raws li kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj peev xwm, RAID controllers tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom:
1. Ordinary controllers nrog RAID muaj nuj nqi
Hauv tag nrho cov hierarchy, qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws uas tso cai rau koj los ua ke HDD thiab SSD rau hauv RAID arrays ntawm qib "0", "1" lossis "0+1". Qhov no yog siv programmatically ntawm qib firmware. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv no tsis tuaj yeem raug pom zoo rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam ntu, vim tias lawv tsis muaj cache thiab tsis txhawb nqa arrays ntawm qib "5", "3", thiab lwm yam. Tab sis rau cov neeg rau zaub mov nkag hauv tsev lawv yog qhov tsim nyog heev.
2. Cov tswj uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tandem nrog rau lwm yam RAID controllers
Hom maub los no tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov maub los sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov no yog siv raws li cov hauv qab no: ib tug discrete RAID maub los saib xyuas ntawm kev daws teeb meem "logical", thiab lub built-in ib tug yuav siv sij hawm tshaj lub zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pauv ntawm drives. Tab sis muaj ib tug nuance: thaum uas tig mus ua hauj lwm ntawm xws li controllers tsuas yog ua tau nyob rau hauv sib xws motherboards, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov yog heev txwv.
3. Standalone RAID controllers
Cov kev daws teeb meem tsis sib xws no muaj nyob rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm txhua qhov tsim nyog chips ua haujlwm nrog cov tuam txhab-chav servers, muaj lawv tus kheej BIOS, cache nco thiab processor rau kev kho qhov yuam kev ceev thiab kev suav nyiaj checksum. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua tau raws li cov qauv kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab muaj cov cim xeeb zoo.
4. Sab nraud RAID controllers
Nws tsis yooj yim rau kwv yees tias tag nrho cov tswj tau teev saum toj no yog sab hauv thiab tau txais lub zog los ntawm PCIe connector ntawm motherboard. Qhov no txhais li cas? Thiab qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm lub motherboard tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm RAID array thiab cov ntaub ntawv poob. Cov tswj sab nraud raug tso tawm los ntawm qhov kev nkag siab tsis zoo, txij li lawv tau nyob hauv ib qho xwm txheej nrog lub zog ywj pheej. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntseeg tau, xws li controllers muab lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cia.
, Microsemi Adaptec, Intel, IBM, Dell thiab Cisco tsuas yog ob peb lub tuam txhab uas tam sim no muab cov khoom siv RAID controllers.
Kev khiav hauj lwm hom ntawm RAID controllers SAS/SATA/NVMe
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tri-hom HBA thiab RAID controllers (los yog cov tswj nrog Tri-Mode functionality) yog los tsim NVMe-based hardware RAID. Broadcom's 9400 series controllers tuaj yeem ua qhov no: piv txwv li, . Nws yog ib hom kev ywj pheej ntawm RAID maub los, yog nruab nrog plaub SFF-8643 connectors thiab, ua tsaug rau Tri-Mode kev txhawb nqa, tso cai rau koj txuas SATA / SAS thiab NVMe drives ib txhij. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam (siv tsuas yog 17 Watts ntawm lub zog, nrog tsawg dua 1,1 Watts rau txhua qhov ntawm 16 qhov chaw nres nkoj).
Qhov kev sib txuas sib txuas yog PCI Express x8 version 3.1, uas tso cai rau kev nkag mus ntawm 64 Gbit / s (cov tswj hwm rau PCI Express 2020 xav tias yuav tshwm sim hauv 4.0). 16-chaw nres nkoj maub los yog raws li 2-core nti thiab 72-ntsis DDR4-2133 SDRAM (4 GB), nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm txuas mus txog 240 SATA / SAS drives, lossis txog li 24 NVMe li. Hais txog kev teeb tsa RAID arrays, qib "0", "1", "5" thiab "6", nrog rau "10", "50" thiab "60" tau txais kev txhawb nqa. Los ntawm txoj kev, cache nco thiab lwm yam controllers nyob rau hauv 9400 series yog tiv thaiv los ntawm voltage tsis ua hauj lwm los ntawm kev xaiv CacheVault CVPM05 module.
Peb hom tshuab yog raws li SerDes cov ntaub ntawv hloov dua siab tshiab muaj nuj nqi: hloov cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv SAS / SATA interfaces rau hauv daim ntawv sib npaug hauv PCIe NVMe thiab rov ua dua. Ntawd yog, tus maub los sib tham ceev thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm seamlessly nrog ib qho ntawm peb hom kev cia khoom. Qhov no muab txoj hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb los ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv chaw hauv tsev: cov neeg siv tuaj yeem siv NVMe yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb rau lwm qhov kev teeb tsa.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum npaj kev teeb tsa nrog NVMe drives, nws tsim nyog xav tias NVMe cov kev daws teeb meem siv 4 PCIe kab sib txuas, uas txhais tau tias txhua tus tsav siv tag nrho cov kab ntawm SFF-8643 chaw nres nkoj. Nws hloov tawm tias tsuas yog plaub NVMe drives tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha mus rau MegaRAID 9460-16i maub los. Los yog txwv koj tus kheej rau ob qho kev daws teeb meem NVMe thaum tib lub sijhawm txuas yim SAS drives (saib daim duab txuas hauv qab).
Daim duab qhia txog kev siv cov khoom sib txuas "0" (C0 / Connector 0) thiab connector "1" rau NVMe kev sib txuas, nrog rau cov khoom sib txuas "2" thiab "3" rau kev sib txuas SAS. Qhov kev npaj no tuaj yeem thim rov qab, tab sis txhua x4 NVMe tsav yuav tsum tau txuas nrog cov kab uas nyob ib sab. Cov kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm tau teeb tsa los ntawm StorCLI lossis Human Interface Infrastructure (HII) cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas ua haujlwm hauv UEFI ib puag ncig.
Lub neej ntawd hom yog "PD64" profile (tsuas yog txhawb nqa SAS / SATA). Raws li peb tau hais saum toj no, muaj peb qhov profile hauv tag nrho: "SAS / SATA nkaus xwb hom" hom (PD240 / PD64 / PD 16), "NVMe nkaus xwb hom" (PCIe4) hom thiab hom sib xyaw uas txhua hom tsav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm: "PD64 -PCIe4" (kev txhawb nqa rau 64 lub cev thiab virtual disks nrog 4 NVMe drives). Hauv hom sib xyaw, tus nqi ntawm qhov profile tau teev tseg yuav tsum yog "ProfileID = 13". Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev xaiv profile tau txais kev cawmdim raws li tus tswv thiab tsis rov pib dua txawm tias rov qab mus rau lub Hoobkas nqis los ntawm Teeb Factory Defaults hais kom ua. Nws tsuas yog hloov tau manually.
Puas tsim nyog tsim RAID array ntawm SSD?
Yog li, peb twb to taub tias RAID arrays yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua haujlwm siab. Tab sis nws puas tsim nyog tsim RAID los ntawm SSDs rau tsev thiab kev siv lag luam? Ntau tus neeg tsis ntseeg hais tias qhov kev nce hauv qhov nrawm tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li splurge ntawm NVMe drives. Tab sis qhov no puas yog tiag tiag? Hardly. Qhov kev txwv loj tshaj plaws rau kev siv SSDs hauv RAID (ob leeg hauv tsev thiab hauv qib kev lag luam) tsuas yog tus nqi xwb. Txawm li cas los xij ib tus yuav hais, tus nqi ntawm ib gigabyte ntawm qhov chaw ntawm HDD yog pheej yig dua.
Txuas ntau lub xeev "tsav" mus rau RAID maub los los tsim SSD array tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm hauv qee qhov kev teeb tsa. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob hnov ββββqab tias qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog txwv los ntawm kev dhau los ntawm RAID maub los nws tus kheej. Qib RAID uas muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog RAID 0.
Ib qho piv txwv RAID 0 nrog ob SSDs, uas siv ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv cov blocks ruaj khov thiab striping lawv hla cov khoom hauv lub xeev, yuav ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua ob npaug piv rau ib qho SSD. Txawm li cas los xij, RAID 0 array nrog plaub SSDs yuav twb tau plaub zaug sai dua qhov qeeb SSD hauv cov array (nyob ntawm qhov txwv bandwidth ntawm RAID SSD tswj qib).
Raws li cov lej lej yooj yim, SATA SSD yog kwv yees li 3 npaug sai dua li ib txwm SATA HDD. NVMe cov kev daws teeb meem tseem ua tau zoo dua - 10 zaug lossis ntau dua. Muab hais tias ob lub hard drives hauv xoom-theem RAID qhia ob npaug ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo, nce nws los ntawm 50%, ob lub SATA SSDs yuav nrawm dua 6 zaug, thiab ob NVMe SSDs yuav nrawm dua 20 zaug. Tshwj xeeb, ib qho Kingston KC2000 NVMe PCIe tsav tuaj yeem ua tiav kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau nrawm txog li 3200 MB / s, uas hauv RAID 0 hom yuav ncav cuag qhov zoo siab 6 GB / s. Thiab kev nyeem ntawv / sau nrawm ntawm random blocks ntawm 4 KB hauv qhov loj yuav tig los ntawm 350 IOPS rau 000 IOPS. Tab sis ... nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "zero" RAID tsis muab rau peb rov ua dua.
Nws tuaj yeem hais tias nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hauv tsev, kev cia khoom rov ua dua feem ntau tsis xav tau, yog li qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws RAID teeb tsa rau SSDs tiag tiag dhau los ua RAID 0. Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev txhim khu kev qha kom tau txais kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ua lwm txoj hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis xws li Intel Optane-based. SSDs. Tab sis peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas SSD cov kev daws teeb meem coj tus cwj pwm hauv RAID nrov tshaj plaws ("1", "5", "10", "50") hauv peb tsab xov xwm tom ntej.
Kab lus no tau npaj nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm peb cov npoj yaig los ntawm Broadcom, uas muab lawv cov tswj hwm rau Kingston engineers rau kev sim nrog kev lag luam-chav SATA / SAS / NVMe drives. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus phooj ywg no, cov neeg siv khoom tsis tas yuav ua xyem xyav txog kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Kingston tsav nrog tsim HBA thiab RAID controllers .
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog Kingston cov khoom, thov mus saib tuam txhab.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com