ProHoster > Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ³ > Kev tswj hwm > Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Networking thiab Messaging Protocols rau IoT

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Networking thiab Messaging Protocols rau IoT

Nyob zoo, Khabrovites! Russia thawj chav kawm online IoT tus tsim tawm pib ntawm OTUS thaum Lub Kaum Hli. Kev tso npe kawm rau chav kawm tau qhib tam sim no, yog li peb txuas ntxiv muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau koj.

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Networking thiab Messaging Protocols rau IoT

Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT) yuav tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem network uas twb muaj lawm, thev naus laus zis thiab cov txheej txheem tam sim no siv hauv tsev / chaw ua haujlwm thiab Is Taws Nem, thiab yuav muab ntau ntxiv.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm phau ntawv qhia no yog muab cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem rau IoT.

Nco tseg. Koj yuav tsum muaj kev paub Basics ntawm network technologies.

IoT networks

IoT yuav ua haujlwm ntawm TCP / IP networks uas twb muaj lawm.

TCP/IP siv plaub txheej qauv nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua txheej. Cm. nkag siab txog TCP/IP 4 txheej qauv (peb nkag siab txog plaub txheej TCP/IP qauv).

Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm cov txheej txheem tam sim no siv thiab cov feem ntau yuav raug siv rau IoT.

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Networking thiab Messaging Protocols rau IoT

Cov lus ceeb toom ntawm daim duab:

  1. Qhov loj font qhia txog qhov nrov ntawm cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, nyob rau sab laug muaj ntau dua IPv4, vim nws nrov dua hauv Is Taws Nem niaj hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog me dua ntawm sab xis vim IPv6 xav tias yuav nrov dua hauv IoT.

  2. Tsis yog tag nrho cov kev cai raug qhia.

  3. Cov kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm cov channel (theem 1 thiab 2) thiab qib kev thov (qib 4).

  4. Lub network thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav zoo li tsis hloov.

Txuas Txheej Txheej Txheem

Ntawm Data Link txheej, koj yuav tsum txuas cov khoom siv rau ib leeg. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob ze, piv txwv li, hauv cov tes hauj lwm hauv zos, lossis ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg: hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog thiab cov cheeb tsam dav.

Tam sim no, nyob rau theem no, kev sib txuas hauv tsev thiab chaw ua haujlwm (LAN) siv Ethernet thiab Wi-Fi, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes (WAN) siv 3G / 4G. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam khoom siv IoT yog lub zog qis, xws li cov sensors, thiab tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov roj teeb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, Ethernet tsis haum, tab sis tsis tshua muaj zog Wi-Fi thiab qis zog Bluetooth siv tau.

Thaum uas twb muaj lawm wireless technologies (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G / 4G) tseem yuav siv los txuas cov cuab yeej no, nws tseem tsim nyog saib cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tshwj xeeb tsim rau IoT daim ntawv thov, uas zoo li yuav loj hlob tuaj.

Ntawm lawv yog:

  • BLE - Bluetooth Tsawg Zog

  • LoRaWAN - Ntev Ntev WAN

  • SigFox

  • LTE-M

Lawv tau piav qhia ntau ntxiv hauv kab lus. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm IOT wireless technologies (Cov ntsiab lus ntawm wireless IoT technologies).

network txheej

Nyob rau theem network (Networking) raws tu qauv yuav dominate nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev IPv6. Nws tsis zoo li yuav siv IPv4, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv thawj theem. Feem ntau cov khoom siv IoT rau hauv tsev, xws li lub teeb ntse ntse, tam sim no siv IPv4.

Thawv txheej 

TCP tuav lub Thawv txheej hauv Is Taws Nem thiab lub vev xaib. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si HTTP thiab ntau lwm yam nrov Internet raws tu qauv (SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, thiab lwm yam).

MQTT, uas kuv cia siab tias yuav dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov kev xa xov, tam sim no siv TCP.

Txawm li cas los xij, yav tom ntej, vim qis nyiaj siv ua haujlwm, kuv cia siab tias UDP yuav nrov dua rau IoT. Tej zaum nws yuav kis tau ntau dua MQTT-SN, khiav saum UDP. Saib kab lus sib piv TCP vs UDP .

Daim ntawv thov txheej thiab kev xa ntawv raws tu qauv

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb rau IoT raws tu qauv:

  • Ceev - tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pauv ib ob.

  • Latency yog lub sijhawm xav tau los xa cov lus.

  • Kev siv fais fab.

  • Kev ruaj ntseg.

  • Muaj cov software.

Tam sim no, ob txoj cai tseem ceeb tau siv nyob rau theem no: HTTP thiab MQTT.

HTTP yog tej zaum cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau theem no, hauv qab lub vev xaib (WWW). Nws tseem yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau IoT vim tias nws yog siv rau REST APIs, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev siv lub vev xaib thiab cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm siab, HTTP tsis zoo li yuav dhau los ua thawj IoT raws tu qauv, txawm hais tias nws tseem yuav siv dav hauv Is Taws Nem.

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem xa xov tseem ceeb hauv IoT vim nws lub teeb thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv. Saib tsab xov xwm Taw qhia rau MQTT rau cov pib tshiab (Introduction to MQTT for Beginners).

Kev sib piv ntawm HTTP thiab MQTT rau IoT

MQTT tau dhau los ua tus qauv de facto rau IoT daim ntawv thov. Qhov no yog vim nws qhov lightness thiab ceev piv rau HTTP thiab qhov tseeb tias nws yog ib-rau-ntau txoj cai es tsis yog ib-rau-ib txoj cai (HTTP).

Ntau lub vev xaib niaj hnub no yuav zoo siab siv MQTT hloov HTTP yog tias nws tau muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

Ib qho piv txwv zoo yog xa cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau tus neeg siv khoom, xws li tsheb ciav hlau / tsheb npav / dav hlau tuaj txog thiab tawm mus. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, ib-rau-ib txoj cai xws li HTTP muaj nyiaj siv ua haujlwm siab thiab tso ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub vev xaib servers. Scaling cov web servers yuav nyuaj. Nrog MQTT, cov neeg siv khoom txuas mus rau tus broker, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ntxiv rau kev sib npaug. Saib qhov kev qhia no nrog video Rov luam tawm HTML cov ntaub ntawv hla MQTT (Flight Arrivals Piv txwv) thiab tsab xov xwm MQTT vs HTTP rau IOT.

Lwm Cov Kev Sib Txuas Lus

HTTP tsis tau tsim los rau IoT daim ntawv thov, tab sis raws li tau hais, nws yuav siv dav rau qee lub sijhawm vim nws siv dav hauv API.

Yuav luag txhua lub platform IoT txhawb nqa HTTP thiab MQTT.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm yam kev cai uas tsim nyog xav txog.

Raws tu qauv

  • MQTT β€” (Xov xwm Queuing Telemetry Thauj). Siv TCP/IP. Tus qauv publisher-subscriber xav tau ib tus neeg xa xov.

  • AMQP - (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol). Siv TCP/IP. Publisher-subscriber thiab point-to-point qauv.

  • COAP - (Constrained Application Protocol). Siv UDP. Tsim tshwj xeeb rau IoT, siv cov qauv kev thov teb zoo ib yam li HTTP. RFC 7252.

  • DDS β€” (Data Distribution Service) 

Hauv no Tshooj Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab lawv cov ntawv thov raug tham. Qhov xaus ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog tias IoT yuav siv cov txheej txheem kev cai nyob ntawm lawv qhov kev thov.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj saib rov qab, thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm Is Taws Nem, HTTP, uas tom qab ntawd los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau txoj cai.

Txawm hais tias HTTP tsis yog tsim los rau kev hloov ntaub ntawv lossis email, hnub no nws yog siv rau ob qho tib si.

Kuv cia siab tias tib yam yuav tshwm sim nrog cov txheej txheem xa xov hauv IoT: feem ntau cov kev pabcuam yuav siv ib qho tseem ceeb raws tu qauv.

Hauv qab no yog Google Trends graphs qhia tias qhov nrov ntawm MQTT, COAP thiab AMQP tau hloov pauv li cas hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los.

Google Trends Review 

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Networking thiab Messaging Protocols rau IoT

Kev them nyiaj yug raws tu qauv los ntawm lub platform

  • Microsoft Azure - MQTT, AMQP, HTTP thiab HTTPS

  • AWS - MQTT, HTTPS, MQTT hla lub vev xaib

  • IBM Bluemix - MQTT, HTTPS, MQTT

  • Thingworx - MQTT, HTTPS, MQTT, AMQP

Txoj kev xaus

Cov kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm cov channel (theem 1 thiab 2) thiab qib kev thov (qib 4).

Lub network thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav zoo li tsis hloov.

Ntawm daim ntawv thov txheej, IoT cov khoom siv yuav siv cov txheej txheem kev xa xov. Txawm hais tias peb tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho IoT, nws zoo li tias ib lossis kab tias ob txoj kev xa xov yuav tshwm sim.

Ob peb xyoos dhau los, MQTT tau dhau los ua qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab yog qhov kuv tab tom tsom rau ntawm qhov chaw no.

HTTP kuj tseem yuav siv txuas ntxiv vim nws twb tau ua tiav zoo rau hauv IoT platforms uas twb muaj lawm.

Yog tag nrho. Peb caw koj los sau npe rau ib qho kev qhia dawb demo ntawm lub ncauj lus "Chatbot rau cov lus txib ceev rau lub cuab yeej".

Nyeem ntxiv:

Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com

Ntxiv ib saib