Lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv no tau brewing rau ntev. Thiab txawm hais tias ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg nyeem channel , Kuv tsuas yog xav sau txog kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm nrog hydrogen peroxide, tab sis thaum kawg, vim li cas kuv tsis nkag siab (yog!) Kuv tau xaus nrog lwm qhov ntev. Kev sib xyaw ntawm popsci, foob pob hluav taws roj, "coronavirus disinfection" thiab permangananometric titration. Yuav ua li cas txoj cai khaws cov hydrogen peroxide, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dab tsi los siv thaum ua haujlwm thiab yuav ua li cas kom dim thaum muaj kev lom - peb tab tom saib hauv qab txiav.
ps tus kab los ntawm daim duab yog hu ua "scorer". Thiab nws kuj yog qhov chaw poob ntawm cov tshuaj 🙂
Dedicated rau "Cov me nyuam ntawm Peroxide" ...
Peb tus kwv poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog hydrogen peroxide, huag, cas nws poob rau hauv kev hlub. Kuv xav txog qhov no txhua zaus kuv pom ib lo lus nug xws li "lub raj mis ntawm hydrogen peroxide yog inflated. yuav ua li cas?" Los ntawm txoj kev, kuv ntsib ntau zaus 🙂
Tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, hauv qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet, hydrogen peroxide (3% tov) yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob "cov neeg nyiam". Thiab ncuav rau ntawm qhov txhab, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv dej, thiab rhuav tshem tus kabmob coronavirus (tsis ntev los no). Tab sis txawm tias qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim siv, cov reagent yog qhov tsis meej, uas kuv yuav tham ntxiv.
Taug kev raws li kev lom neeg "saum" ...
Tam sim no txhua yam nrog lub npe eco- yog fashionable: eco-friendly khoom, eco-phooj ywg zawv plaub hau, eco-friendly khoom. Raws li kuv nkag siab nws, tib neeg xav siv cov lus qhia kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom biogenic (uas yog, cov uas pom muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev) los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws ("hard chemistry"). Yog li ntawd, thaum xub thawj, ib qho kev qhia me me, uas kuv vam tias yuav hais txog kev ua phooj ywg ib puag ncig ntawm hydrogen peroxide thiab ntxiv kev ntseeg siab rau nws ntawm pawg neeg 🙂
Yog li dab tsi yog hydrogen peroxide? Qhov no protozoa peroxide compound, uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ob oxygen atoms ib zaug (lawv txuas nrog ib daim ntawv cog lus -OO-). Qhov twg muaj xws li hom kev sib txuas, muaj kev tsis ruaj khov rau koj, muaj atomic oxygen, thiab muaj zog oxidizing zog, thiab txhua yam. Tab sis txawm tias qhov hnyav ntawm atomic oxygen, hydrogen peroxide muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob nyob, incl. thiab hauv txiv neej. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv micro quantities nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm complex biochemical txheej txheem thiab oxidizes proteins, membrane lipids thiab txawm DNA (vim qhov tshwm sim peroxide radicals). Peb lub cev nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm evolution tau kawm los daws cov peroxide zoo heev. Nws ua qhov no nrog kev pab los ntawm enzyme superoxide dismutase, uas rhuav tshem cov tshuaj peroxide rau oxygen thiab hydrogen peroxide, ntxiv rau cov enzymes. uas peroxide rau ib lossis ob zaug yuav hloov mus rau oxygen thiab dej.
Enzymes zoo nkauj hauv XNUMXD qauv
nkaum hauv qab spoiler. Kuv nyiam saib lawv, tab sis tam sim ntawd ib tug neeg tsis nyiam nws ...
Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog ua tsaug rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalase, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm peb lub cev, cov ntshav "bos" thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob ntawm qhov txhab (yuav muaj ib tug cais hais txog qhov txhab hauv qab no).
Hydrogen peroxide kuj tseem muaj qhov tseem ceeb "tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm" hauv peb. Ntau cov kab mob muaj sia muaj xws li ib qho kev nthuav organelle (cov qauv tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cell nyob) li . Cov qauv no yog lipid vesicles nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug crystal-zoo li cov tub ntxhais, muaj xws li biological tubular "". Ntau yam txheej txheem biochemical muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus, vim tias hydrogen peroxide yog tsim los ntawm atmospheric oxygen thiab complex organic compounds ntawm ib tug lipid xwm!
Tab sis qhov nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm no yog dab tsi no peroxide yog siv rau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm daim siab thiab ob lub raum, qhov tshwm sim H2O2 mus ua kom puas thiab neutralize cov co toxins nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Acetaldehyde, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm metabolism ntawm dej cawv () - qhov no kuj yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm peb cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj zog ntawm peroxisomes, thiab "niam" ntawm hydrogen peroxide.
Yog li ntawd txhua yam tsis zoo li rosy nrog peroxides, mam li nco dheev Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov molecules ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nqus cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab yog ionized, i.e. mus rau hauv lub xeev conducive rau tsim ntawm cov tebchaw tshiab (feem ntau yog tag nrho tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub cev). Dej yog feem ntau thiab feem ntau yooj yim ionized, nws tshwm sim . Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen, nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob, ntau yam dawb radicals (OH- thiab lwm yam zoo li lawv) thiab peroxide tebchaw (H2O2 nyob rau hauv particular) tshwm sim.
Cov txiaj ntsig peroxides nquag cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv lub cev. Txawm hais tias yog tias peb ua piv txwv cov superoxide anion (O2-) qee zaum tsim thaum lub sijhawm xov tooj cua, ces nws tsim nyog hais tias cov ion no kuj tsim nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, hauv cov kab mob noj qab haus huv, tsis muaj cov dawb radicals. и peb txoj kev tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov kab mob. Cov. kiag li tsis muaj cov no nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev nws yog tsis yooj yim sua - lawv nrog biogenic oxidation tshua. Qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum muaj ntau dhau lawm.
Nws yog los tawm tsam "ntau dhau" cov tshuaj peroxide uas tib neeg tau tsim cov khoom xws li antioxidants. Lawv inhibit oxidation ntawm complex organics nrog tsim ntawm peroxides, thiab lwm yam. dawb radicals thiab yog li txo cov qib ntawm .
Oxidative stress yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cell puas vim oxidation (= ntau dawb radicals hauv lub cev)
Txawm hais tias, qhov tseeb, cov tebchaw no tsis muab dab tsi tshiab, rau yam uas twb muaj lawm, i.e. "Internal antioxidants" - superoxide dismutase thiab catalase. Thiab feem ntau, yog tias siv tsis raug, hluavtaws antioxidants yuav tsis tsuas yog tsis pab, tab sis qhov kev ntxhov siab oxidative heev yuav nce ntxiv.
Remarque txog "peroxide thiab qhov txhab". Txawm hais tias hydrogen peroxide yog cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua hauv tsev (thiab lub Hoobkas) cov khoom siv pabcuam thawj zaug, muaj pov thawj tias H2O2 siv cuam tshuam nrog kev kho qhov txhab thiab ua rau caws pliav vim hydrogen peroxide. . Tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus qis heev muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo (0,03% tshuaj, uas txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau dilute 3% lub tsev muag tshuaj 100 zaug), thiab tsuas yog nrog ib daim ntawv thov xwb. Los ntawm txoj kev, "coronavirus npaj" 0,5% kev daws teeb meem ib yam nkaus . Yog li, raws li lawv hais, ntseeg tab sis txheeb xyuas.
Hydrogen peroxide hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab "tawm tsam tus kabmob coronavirus"
Yog tias hydrogen peroxide tuaj yeem hloov ethanol rau hauv acetaldehyde hauv daim siab, ces nws yuav yog qhov txawv txav tsis txhob siv cov khoom zoo oxidizing hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv cov nram no proportions:
Ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov hydrogen peroxide uas tsim los ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj yog siv los ntxuav cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntau hom ntawv. Qhov thib ob qhov chaw (20%) nyob rau hauv kev thov yog nyob los ntawm kev tsim ntau yam tshuaj dawb raws li inorganic peroxides (sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, thiab lwm yam). Cov peroxides no (feem ntau ua ke nrog kom txo tau qhov kub thiab txias, tk. peroxosalts tsis ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub qis dua 60 degrees) yog siv rau txhua hom "Persol", thiab lwm yam. (cov ntsiab lus ntxiv tuaj yeem pom ). Tom qab ntawd los ntawm bleaching ntawm fabrics thiab fibers (15%) thiab dej purification (10%) nrog ib tug me me paj. Thiab thaum kawg, qhov sib faib uas tseem tshuav yog sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj dawb huv thiab kev siv hydrogen peroxide rau kev kho mob. Kuv yuav nyob rau tom kawg hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv, vim tias feem ntau yuav kis tus kabmob coronavirus yuav hloov tus lej ntawm daim duab (yog tias nws tsis tau hloov lawm).
Hydrogen peroxide nquag siv los ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntau qhov chaw (xws li cov cuab yeej phais) thiab tsis ntev los no kuj tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm chav (lub npe hu ua. - vaporized hydrogen peroxide) rau sterilization ntawm thaj chaw. Daim duab hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob peroxide. Ib qho kev cog lus zoo heev, uas tseem tsis tau mus txog tsev kho mob hauv tsev ...
Feem ntau, peroxide qhia cov tshuaj tua kab mob siab rau ntau yam kab mob, kab mob, cov poov xab, thiab cov kab mob spores. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rau complex kab mob, vim muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov enzymes uas decompose peroxide (lub thiaj li hu ua peroxidases, uas catalase yog ib tug tshwj xeeb rooj plaub), kam rau ua (~ stability) yuav pom. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov kev daws teeb meem nrog cov concentrations hauv qab 1%. Tab sis tawm tsam 3%, thiab ntau dua li 6-10%, tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem tiv tau, tsis muaj tus kab mob lossis kab mob kis kab mob.
Qhov tseeb, nrog rau ethyl thiab isopropyl cawv thiab sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide yog nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm "tseem ceeb" tshuaj tua kab mob xwm txheej ceev rau kev tua kab mob los ntawm COVID-19. Txawm tias tsis yog los ntawm COVID-19 xwb. Thaum pib ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob coronavirus bacchanalia, peb nrog cov nyeem nquag siv thaum xaiv antiseptics pom zoo los ntawm . Cov lus pom zoo siv rau tus mob coronaviruses feem ntau, thiab tshwj xeeb yog COVID-19. Yog li kuv pom zoo kom rub tawm thiab luam tawm tsab xov xwm (rau cov neeg nyiam qhov teeb meem no).
Ib qho tseem ceeb kos npe rau ib tug hluas tua kab mob
Lub sijhawm dhau los txij li thaum pib muaj kev sib kis, tsis muaj dab tsi hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau. Tab sis nws tau hloov pauv, piv txwv li, cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas siv tau hydrogen peroxide. Ntawm no kuv xav rov qab cov ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd nrog cov tshuaj pom zoo rau kev tua kab mob. Kuv ib txwm nyiam cov ntaub so hauv daim ntawv teev npe no (feem ntau, vim kuv nyiam cov tshuaj tua kab mob, hypochlorite kuv thiab 100% txaus siab rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kuv xav nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug American khoom li Oxivir Wipes (los yog nws qhov sib npaug Oxivir 1 Daim) los ntawm Diversey Inc.
Muaj ob peb cov khoom xyaw nquag teev nyob rau ntawd:
Hydrogen peroxide 0.5%
Yooj yim thiab saj. Tab sis rau cov neeg uas xav rov ua cov txheej txheem no thiab tsau lawv cov ntaub so ntub dej, kuv yuav hais tias ntxiv rau hydrogen peroxide, cov tshuaj impregnating kuj muaj:
Phosphoric acid (phosphoric acid - stabilizer) 1-5%
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) 0,1-1,5%
Vim li cas tag nrho cov " impurities" yuav ua kom pom tseeb thaum koj nyeem rau ntu ntawm kev ruaj ntseg.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, kuv kuj xav nco qab txog qhov nws hais rau Oxivir hais. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tshiab (kwv yees rau thawj lub rooj), tab sis kuv nyiam qhov spectrum ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem tua kab mob.
Dab tsi cov kab mob peroxide tuaj yeem kov yeej
Thiab kuv yuav tsis yog kuv tus kheej yog tias kuv tsis tau ceeb toom ib zaug ntxiv txog qhov tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm. Raws li ua ntej (= raws li ib txwm) nws raug pom zoo kom ua li ntawd thaum so nrog cov ntaub ntub dej, tag nrho cov tawv tawv, tsis muaj qhov ntxeem tau tseem pom qhov ntub dej tsawg kawg 30 vib nas this (lossis zoo dua li ib feeb!) kom tshem tawm txhua yam thiab txhua tus (thiab qhov no yog koj qhov COVID-19 ib yam nkaus).
Hydrogen peroxide ua ib qho tshuaj
Peb tau taug kev ncig lub hav txwv yeem, tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los sau txog hydrogen peroxide, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus kws tshuaj. Hmoov zoo, nws yog lo lus nug no (thiab tsis yog qhov peroxisome zoo li cas) uas feem ntau nyiam cov neeg siv tsis tau paub txog kev txiav txim siab siv H2O2 rau nws lub hom phiaj. Cia peb pib nrog tus qauv XNUMXD (raws li kuv pom):
Yuav ua li cas tus ntxhais Sasha pom tus qauv, leej twg ntshai tias peroxide yuav tawg (ntxiv rau hauv qab no)
"Khiav cockerel hauv qab saib"
Pure peroxide yog ib qho ntshiab (xiav rau qhov siab siab) kua. Qhov ceev ntawm dilute cov ntsiab lus yog ze rau qhov ntom ntawm cov dej (1 g / cm3), cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog denser (35% - 1,13 g / cm3 ... 70% - 1,29 g / cm3, thiab lwm yam). Los ntawm qhov ntom ntom (nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrometers), koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov concentration ntawm koj cov tshuaj (cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ).
Kev siv tshuaj hydrogen peroxide tuaj yeem yog peb qib: A = concentration 30–40%, B = 50–52%, C = 58–60%. Feem ntau muaj xws li lub npe hu ua "perhydrol" (muaj ib zaug txawm hais tias "perhydrol blonde"). Qhov tseeb, nws tseem yog tib "hom A", piv txwv li. ib tug daws ntawm hydrogen peroxide nrog ib tug concentration ntawm txog 30%.
Lus hais txog whitening. Txij li thaum peb nco txog cov blondes, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias diluted hydrogen peroxide (2-10%) thiab ammonia tau siv los ua cov tshuaj pleev xim rau "kev ua haujlwm" cov plaub hau. Tam sim no qhov no tsis tshua muaj kev xyaum. Tab sis muaj peroxide hniav ntxuav hniav dawb. Los ntawm txoj kev, whitening ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ob txhais tes tom qab kev sib cuag nrog peroxide kuj yog ib hom "kev ua haujlwm hydrolysis" tshwm sim los ntawm ntau txhiab. , i.e. blockages ntawm capillaries tsim thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ntawm peroxide nrog oxygen npuas.
Kev kho mob kev kho mob peroxide dhau los ua thaum cov dej demineralized ntxiv rau peroxide nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 59-60%, diluting lub mloog zoo rau qib xav tau (3% hauv cov chaw qhib hauv tsev, 6% hauv Asmeskas).
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov ceev, ib qho tseem ceeb parameter yog pH qib. Hydrogen peroxide yog ib qho tsis muaj zog acid. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog kev vam khom ntawm pH ntawm cov tshuaj hydrogen peroxide ntawm huab hwm coj concentration:
Qhov ntau dilute cov tshuaj, qhov ze nws pH yog rau pH dej. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus pH (= feem ntau acidic) poob ntawm qhov ntau ntawm 55-65% (qib B raws li kev faib tawm hauv tsev).
Txawm hais tias nws tsis kam lees paub ntawm no tias pH tsis tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov concentration rau ntau qhov laj thawj. Ua ntej, yuav luag tag nrho cov niaj hnub peroxide yog tau los ntawm oxidizing anthraquinones. Cov txheej txheem no tsim cov kua qaub los ntawm cov khoom uas tuaj yeem mus rau hauv cov peroxide tiav. Cov. Cov pH yuav txawv ntawm qhov pom hauv cov lus saum toj no nyob ntawm qhov purity ntawm H2O2. Ultra-ntshiab peroxide (piv txwv li, uas mus rau foob pob hluav taws roj thiab uas kuv yuav tham txog cais) tsis muaj impurities. Thib ob, acidic stabilizers feem ntau ntxiv rau kev lag luam hydrogen peroxide (peroxide ntau ruaj khov ntawm pH), uas yuav "lubricate" cov ntawv nyeem. Thiab qhov thib peb, chelate stabilizers (rau khi hlau impurities, ntau ntxiv txog lawv hauv qab no) kuj tuaj yeem ua alkaline lossis acidic thiab cuam tshuam rau pH ntawm cov tshuaj kawg.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws los txiav txim siab concentration yog (). Cov txheej txheem yog tib yam nkaus, tab sis tsuas yog tag nrho cov reagents tsim nyog rau qhov kev sim no yooj yim heev. Peb xav tau cov concentrated sulfuric acid (roj teeb electrolyte) thiab zoo tib yam poov tshuaj permanganate. Raws li B. Gates ib zaug qw "640 kb ntawm lub cim xeeb txaus rau txhua tus!", Kuv tseem yuav qw tam sim no "Txhua tus tuaj yeem titrate peroxide!" :). Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias qhov kev xav tau qhia kuv tias yog tias koj yuav hydrogen peroxide hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj thiab tsis khaws cia rau ntau xyoo, ces qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov concentration yuav tsis zoo li ntau tshaj ± 1%, txawm li cas los xij, kuv yuav piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem pov thawj, txij li cov reagents muaj thiab cov algorithm yog yooj yim heev.
Tshawb xyuas kev lag luam hydrogen peroxide rau cov ntshauv
Raws li koj tuaj yeem twv, peb yuav kuaj siv titration. Cov txheej txheem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov siab ntawm 0,25 txog 50%.
Kev txheeb xyuas algorithm yog raws li nram no:
1. Npaj 0,1N daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, yaj 3,3 grams ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate hauv 1 liter dej. Cov tshuaj yog rhuab mus rau ib tug boil thiab boil rau 15 feeb.
2. Peb xaiv qhov yuav tsum tau ntim ntawm peroxide kawm (nyob ntawm qhov kwv yees qhov xav tau, piv txwv li yog tias koj muaj 3%, cia siab tias dheev dhau los ua 50% yog ruam):
Peb hloov lub ntim ntim rau hauv lub raj mis thiab ntsuas nws ntawm qhov ntsuas (tsis txhob hnov qab nias lub pob Tare kom tsis txhob coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov hnyav ntawm lub raj mis nws tus kheej)
3. Ncuav peb cov qauv mus rau hauv 250 ml volumetric hwj (los yog me nyuam lub raj mis nrog ntim cim) thiab sau mus rau lub cim ("250") nrog dej distilled. Peb sib tov.
4. Ncuav 500 ml ntawm dej distilled rau hauv 250 ml conical flask (= "ib nrab-liter hub"), ntxiv 10 ml ntawm concentrated sulfuric acid thiab 25 ml ntawm peb cov tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom 3.
5. Tso los ntawm kev poob (zoo dua los ntawm lub pipette uas lub ntim tau cim) ib qho kev daws ntawm 0,1N poov tshuaj permanganate rau hauv peb lub hub ib nrab-liter ntawm cov khoom 4. Poob-mixed, dripped-mixed. Thiab yog li peb txuas ntxiv mus kom txog rau thaum cov kev daws teeb meem tau txais ib qho pinkish tint me ntsis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, peroxide decomposes nrog kev tsim cov pa thiab dej, thiab manganese (VI) hauv poov tshuaj permanganate txo rau manganese (II).
5H2O2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2SO4 = 2KHSO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5O2 + 8H2O
6. Peb xav txog qhov concentration ntawm peb cov peroxide: C H2O2 (wt.%) \u0,1d [Volume ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate daws nyob rau hauv ml * 0,01701 * 1000 * 2] / [cov qauv hnyav hauv grams, los ntawm kab lus XNUMX] PUAS!!!
Kev sib tham dawb ntawm lub ncauj lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg cia
Hydrogen peroxide yog suav hais tias yog ib qho tsis ruaj khov, uas yog qhov yooj yim rau decomposition spontaneous. Tus nqi ntawm decomposition nce nrog nce kub, concentration thiab pH. Cov. Feem ntau hais lus, txoj cai yog:
... txias, dilute, acidic daws qhia qhov zoo tshaj plaws stability...
Kev puas tsuaj yog yooj yim los ntawm: qhov nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias (qhov nce hauv qhov ceev ntawm 2,2 npaug rau txhua 10 degrees Celsius, thiab ntawm qhov kub ntawm li 150 degrees, concentrates feem ntau. avalanche decompose nrog kev tawg), nce pH (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm pH> 6-8)
Lus hais txog iav: tsuas yog acidified peroxide tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv iav fwj, vim. iav nyiam muab qhov chaw alkaline thaum sib cuag nrog dej huv, uas txhais tau tias nws yuav ua rau kom nrawm nrawm.
Muaj feem xyuam rau tus nqi ntawm decomposition thiab muaj impurities (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hloov hlau xws li tooj liab, manganese, hlau, nyiaj, platinum), UV raug. Feem ntau, qhov tseem ceeb ua rau yog qhov nce hauv pH thiab muaj cov impurities. Qhov nruab nrab, ntawm 30% hydrogen peroxide poob kwv yees li .
Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov impurities, ultrafine pom (tsis suav cov khoom) lossis chelates (cov neeg ua haujlwm nyuaj) uas khi hlau ions yog siv. Yuav siv tau raws li chelates , colloidal tshuaj los yog sodium pyrophosphate (25-250 mg / l), organophosphonates, nitrates (+ pH regulators thiab corrosion inhibitors), phosphoric acid (+ pH regulator), sodium silicate (stabilizer).
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm ultraviolet ntawm tus nqi decomposition tsis yog hais txog pH lossis kub, tab sis nws kuj tshwm sim (saib daim duab):
Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias molecular extinction coefficient nce nrog txo ultraviolet wavelength.
Cov molar extinction coefficient yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj muaj zog npaum li cas absorbs lub teeb ntawm ib lub wavelength.
Los ntawm txoj kev, cov txheej txheem decomposition pib los ntawm photons hu ua photolysis:
Photolysis (aka photodissociation thiab photodecomposition) yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg (inorganic lossis organic) faib los ntawm photons tom qab lawv cuam tshuam nrog lub hom phiaj molecule. Ib qho photon uas muaj zog txaus (siab dua lub zog dissociation ntawm lub hom phiaj daim ntawv cog lus) tuaj yeem ua rau decomposition. Cov nyhuv zoo ib yam li cov nyhuv ntawm ultraviolet tuaj yeem muab X-rays thiab γ-rays.
Dab tsi tuaj yeem hais tau dav dav. Thiab qhov tseeb tias peroxide yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv lub thawv opaque, thiab nyiam dua hauv cov iav xim av uas thaiv lub teeb ntau dhau (txawm tias "absorbs" ! = "tam sim ntawd decomposes"). Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob khaws ib lub raj mis peroxide nyob ib sab ntawm lub tshuab X-ray ib qho 🙂 Zoo, los ntawm qhov no (UR 203Ex (?):
... ntawm "Peroxide (thiab koj tus hlub, ua siab ncaj) kuj yuav tsum tau khaws cia tseg.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo, lub thawv / lub raj mis yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm "peroxide resistant" cov ntaub ntawv xws li stainless hlau lossis iav (zoo, qee cov yas thiab txhuas alloys). Daim paib yuav pab tau rau kev taw qhia (nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig, ntawm lwm yam, rau cov kws kho mob uas yuav ua lawv cov khoom siv):
Daim ntawv lo lus dab neeg yog raws li nram no: A - zoo heev compatibility, B - zoo compatibility, me ntsis cuam tshuam (microcorrosion los yog discoloration), C - tsis zoo compatibility (tsis pom zoo siv mus sij hawm ntev, tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam), D - tsis compatibility (= siv tsis tau). Dash txhais tau tias "tsis muaj ntaub ntawv muaj". Cov lej ntsuas: 1 - txaus siab ntawm 22 ° C, 2 - txaus siab ntawm 48 ° C, 3 - txaus siab, thaum siv cov gaskets thiab seals.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Hydrogen Peroxide
Nws yog qhov tseeb meej rau txhua tus neeg uas tau nyeem txog ntu no tias peroxide yog ib qho muaj zog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob / hluav taws xob thiab txo cov neeg ua haujlwm. H2O2, ob qho tib si ntshiab thiab diluted, tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov organic tebchaw. Muab tag nrho cov saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem sau tau zoo li no
Hydrogen peroxide yog incompatible nrog combustible cov ntaub ntawv, tej combustible kua thiab hlau thiab lawv cov ntsev (nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalytic txo) - osmium, palladium, platinum, iridium, kub, nyiaj, manganese, cobalt, tooj liab, txhuas.
Hais txog hlau decomposition catalysts, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis hais cais txog . Nws tsis yog tsuas yog cov hlau ntom ntom tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nws tseem yog riam phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb rau kev decomposition ntawm hydrogen peroxide.
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev ua kom lub cev qhuav dej ntawm hydrogen peroxide rau cov hlau no tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov uas tsis yog txhua txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem ntes tau - txhawm rau kom ua tau zoo (x3-x5 npaug ntawm peroxide yam tsis muaj catalyst) decompose peroxide rau hauv oxygen thiab dej, xav tau tsuas yog 1 gram ntawm osmium ib 1000 tons ntawm peroxide hydrogen.
Lus hais txog "explosive nature": (Kuv xav sau tam sim ntawd "Kuv yog peroxide", tab sis txaj muag dhau lawm). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hydrogen peroxide, spherical ntxhais Sasha, uas yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nrog no peroxide, feem ntau ntshai ntawm tawg. Thiab hauv txoj cai, muaj kev nkag siab zoo hauv Alexandra txoj kev ntshai. Tom qab tag nrho, peroxide tuaj yeem tawg rau ob qho laj thawj. Ua ntej, los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias maj mam decomposition ntawm H2O2, tso tawm thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm oxygen yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntim ntim. Lub siab hauv lub thawv yuav tsim thiab tsim thiab thaum kawg BOOM! Qhov thib ob, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias thaum hydrogen peroxide los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog qee yam tshuaj, cov tshuaj peroxide tsis ruaj khov yuav tsim, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam, cua sov, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv ib tug classy tsib-ntu phau ntawv ntau tau hais txog qhov no uas kuv txawm txiav txim siab mus nkaum nws nyob rau hauv ib tug spoiler. Cov ntaub ntawv siv tau rau concentrated hydrogen peroxide > = 30% thiab <50%:
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
tawg ntawm kev sib cuag nrog: Alcohols + sulfuric acid, acetal + acetic acid + tshav kub, acetic acid + N-heterocycles (siab tshaj 50 ° C), aromatic hydrocarbons + trifluoroacetic acid, azelaic acid + sulfuric acid (kwv yees li 45 ° C), tert-butanol + sulfuric acid , carboxylic acids (formic, acetic, tartaric), diphenyl diselenide (tshaj 53 ° C), 2-ethoxyethanol + polyacrylamide gel + toluene + cua sov, gallium + hydrochloric acid, hlau (II) sulfate + nitric acid + carboxymethyl cellulose, nitric acid + ketones (2-butanone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone), nitrogenous bases (ammonia, hydrazine hydrate, dimethylhydrazine), organic compounds (glycerol, acetic acid, ethanol, aniline, quinoline, cellulose, thee plua plav), cov ntaub ntawv organic + sulfuric acid (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw), dej + oxygen-muaj organics (acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetone, ethanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, methanol, propanol, propanal), vinyl acetate, alcohols + tin chloride, phosphorus (V) oxide phosphorus, nitric acid, antimonite, arsenic trisulfide, chlorine + potassium hydroxide + chlorosulfonic acid, tooj liab sulfide, hlau (II) sulfide, formic acid + organic contaminants, hydrogen selenide, lead di- thiab monoxide, lead (II) sulfide, manganese Dioxide, mercury oxide (I), molybdenum disulfide, sodium iodate, mercury (II) oxide + nitric acid, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, thiourea + acetic acid
teeb rau ntawm kev sib cuag nrog: furfuryl cawv, hmoov hlau (magnesium, zinc, hlau, nickel), sawdust
kev nruj kev tsiv los ntawm: aluminium isopropoxide + hnyav hlau ntsev, charcoal, thee, lithium tetrahydroaluminate, alkali hlau, methanol + phosphoric acid, unsaturated organic compounds, tin (II) chloride, cobalt oxide, hlau oxide, lead hydroxide, nickel oxide
Nyob rau hauv txoj cai, yog tias koj kho cov concentrated peroxide nrog kev hwm thiab tsis ua ke nrog cov tshuaj uas tau hais los saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo rau xyoo thiab tsis ntshai dab tsi. Tab sis Vajtswv cawm txoj kev nyab xeeb, yog li ntawd peb maj mam txav mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej.
PPE thiab tom qab ntawd
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev sau ib tsab xov xwm tshwm sim thaum kuv txiav txim siab ua ib daim ntawv hauv mob siab rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev nyab xeeb ua hauj lwm nrog concentrated H2O2 kev daws teeb meem. Hmoov zoo, ntau tus neeg nyeem yuav cov kaus poom ntawm perhydrol rau lawv tus kheej (nyob rau hauv rooj plaub "tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj" / "peb yuav tsis tau mus rau lub tsev muag tshuaj") thiab txawm tswj tau cov tshuaj kub hnyiab ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv sau hauv qab no (thiab saum toj no) feem ntau yog hais txog cov kev daws teeb meem nrog qhov siab tshaj 6%. Qhov siab dua qhov concentration, qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua qhov muaj PPE.
Rau kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm, raws li cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej, txhua yam koj xav tau yog hnab looj tes ua los ntawm polyvinyl chloride / butyl roj hmab, polyethylene, polyester thiab lwm yam yas los tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij ntawm tes, tsom iav los yog lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab los tiv thaiv lub qhov muag. Yog tias aerosols raug tsim, peb ntxiv lub tshuab ua pa nrog kev tiv thaiv aerosol rau cov khoom siv (lossis, ABEK carbon lim cartridge nrog P3 tiv thaiv). Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj zog (txog 6%), hnab looj tes txaus.
Kuv yuav nyob ntawm "kev cuam tshuam" hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv. Hydrogen peroxide yog ib qho teeb meem me me uas ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg kub hnyiab yog tias nws nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag. Ua phem los ntawm kev nqus pa thiab yog tias nqos. Saib daim duab ntawm SDS ("Oxidizing" - "Corroding" - "Irritant"):
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tuav ib ncig ntawm lub hav txwv yeem, kuv yuav sau tam sim ntawd yuav ua li cas yog tias hydrogen peroxide nrog qhov siab ntawm> 6% tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog qee tus neeg kheej kheej yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej.
ntawm tiv tauj daim tawv nqaij - So nrog ib daim ntaub qhuav, los yog swab moistened nrog cawv. Tom qab ntawd nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxuav cov tawv nqaij puas nrog dej txaus rau 10 feeb.
ntawm qhov muag sib cuag - tam sim ntawd yaug qhov muag qhib, nrog rau hauv qab daim tawv muag nrog cov dej tsis muaj zog (lossis 2% tov ntawm ci dej qab zib) tsawg kawg 15 feeb. Hu rau tus kws kho mob ophthalmologist.
Yog nqos - haus dej kom ntau (= dej hauv liters), activated charcoal (1 ntsiav tshuaj ib 10 kg ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav), saline laxative (magnesium sulfate). Tsis txhob ntuav ntuav (= gastric lavage nkaus xwb los ntawm kws kho mob, siv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, thiab tsis paub "ob ntiv tes hauv qhov ncauj"). Tsis txhob muab dab tsi los ntawm qhov ncauj rau tus neeg tsis nco qab.
Feem ntau nqos yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, txij li thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov roj yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub plab (10 lub sij hawm lub ntim ntawm ib tug 3% tov), uas ua rau tsam plab thiab compression ntawm lub hauv nruab nrog cev. Qhov no yog dab tsi activated charcoal yog rau ...
Yog tias txhua yam ntau dua lossis tsawg dua nrog kev kho mob ntawm qhov tshwm sim rau lub cev, nws tsim nyog hais ob peb lo lus ntxiv txog kev pov tseg ntau dhau / qub / nchuav hydrogen peroxide vim tsis muaj kev paub.
... hydrogen peroxide yog pov tseg los ntawm a) los ntawm diluting nrog dej thiab ntws mus rau hauv lub kav dej, los yog b) decomposition siv catalysts (sodium pyrosulfite, thiab lwm yam.), los yog c) los ntawm cua sov decomposition (xws li boiling)
Yuav ua li cas txhua yam zoo li hauv ib qho piv txwv. Piv txwv li, hauv chav kuaj kuv tau nchuav ib liter ntawm 30% hydrogen peroxide. Kuv tsis so dab tsi, tab sis kuv sau cov kua nrog sib tov sib npaug (1: 1: 1) + xuab zeb + (= "bentonite tais muab tub lim"). Tom qab ntawd kuv moisten qhov sib tov nrog dej kom txog thaum lub slurry tsim, sau cov slurry nrog ib tug daus rau hauv ib lub thawv, thiab hloov mus rau ib lub thoob dej (ob feem peb yog ntim). Thiab twb nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej, kuv maj mam ntxiv ib tug tov ntawm sodium pyrosulfite nrog ib tug 20% tshaj. Txhawm rau neutralize tag nrho cov khoom los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Na2S2O5 + 2H2O2 = Na2SO4 + H2SO4 + H2O
Yog tias koj ua raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov teeb meem (ib litre ntawm 30% kev daws), ces nws hloov tawm tias 838 grams pyrosulfite xav tau rau kev ua kom tsis zoo (ib kilogram ntsev tawm ntau dhau). Solubility ntawm cov khoom no hauv dej yog ~ 650 g / l, i.e. yuav xav tau ib thiab ib nrab litres ntawm concentrated tov. Kev coj ncaj ncees yog qhov no - tsis txhob nchuav perhydrol rau hauv pem teb, lossis dilute nws nyuaj dua, txwv tsis pub koj yuav tsis tau txais cov neeg nruab nrab 🙂
Thaum nrhiav kev hloov pauv tau rau pyrosulfite, Captain Obviousness pom zoo kom siv cov reagents uas, thaum hnov mob nrog hydrogen peroxide, tsis tsim cov pa roj ntau txaus ntshai. Nws tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, hlau (II) sulfate. Nws yog muag hauv khw muag khoom kho vajtse thiab txawm nyob hauv Belarus. Txhawm rau neutralize H2O2, cov tshuaj acidified nrog sulfuric acid yuav tsum:
2 FeSO4 + H2O2 + H2SO4 = Fe2(SO4)3 + 2H2O
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov poov tshuaj iodide (kuj acidified nrog sulfuric acid):
2KI + H2O2 + H2SO4 = I2 + 2H2O + K2SO4
Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias txhua qhov laj thawj yog raws li kev qhia ua haujlwm (30% kev daws), yog tias koj nchuav peroxide nrog qis dua (3-7%), ces poov tshuaj permanganate acidified nrog sulfuric acid kuj siv tau. Txawm hais tias cov pa oxygen tso tawm rau ntawd, tom qab ntawd vim muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem "ua txhua yam" nrog rau tag nrho nws lub siab nyiam.
Hais txog kab
Thiab kuv tsis tau hnov qab txog nws, kuv tus hlub. Nws yuav muab nqi zog rau cov uas tau nyeem kuv cov lus tom ntej nyeem ntev. Kuv tsis paub yog tias tus hwm Alexei JetHackers Statsenko aka xav txog nws 30 xyoo dhau los txog kuv lub jetpacks, tab sis kuv yeej muaj qee qhov kev xav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nyob rau ntawm VHS cassette kuv muaj sijhawm los saib (thiab txawm tshuaj xyuas) ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo nkauj Disney zaj dab neeg "" (hauv original Rocketeer).
Qhov txuas ntawm no yog cov hauv qab no. Raws li kuv tau sau ua ntej, hydrogen peroxide ntawm cov concentrations siab (xws li cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev B) nrog kev ua kom huv huv siab (ceeb toom - lub npe hu ua high-test peroxide lossis ) tuaj yeem siv los ua roj hauv foob pob hluav taws (thiab torpedoes). Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si los ua oxidizer hauv ob lub cav (piv txwv li, hloov cov pa oxygen), thiab raws li lub npe hu. monopropellants. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, H2O2 yog pumped mus rau hauv "combustion chamber", qhov twg nws decomposes ntawm ib tug hlau catalyst (ib yam ntawm cov hlau hais ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, piv txwv li, nyiaj los yog platinum) thiab nyob rau hauv lub siab, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm chav tsev nrog. kub txog li 600 ° C, tawm hauv lub nozzle, tsim traction.
Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog tias tib lub cuab yeej sab hauv ("combustion chamber", nozzles, thiab lwm yam) muaj cov kab me me los ntawm cov kab hauv av hauv nws lub cev. nws tau raug hu ua, tab sis nws cov qauv sab hauv (= daim duab thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm) ua rau kuv nco txog chav tsev los ntawm 1991 zaj duab xis hais saum toj no 🙂
Cov kab no yog hu ua bombardier vim tias nws muaj peev xwm tua tau ntau dua los yog tsawg dua los ntawm cov qog hauv qab ntawm lub plab nrog cov kua dej npau npau nrog cov ntxhiab tsw.
Lub ejection kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100 degrees Celsius, thiab ejection ceev yog 10 m / s. Ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj ntev li ntawm 8 mus rau 17 ms, thiab muaj 4-9 tam sim ntawd tom qab sib pulses. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob rov qab mus rau qhov pib, kuv yuav rov ua daim duab ntawm no (nws zoo li tau muab los ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm los ntawm kab lus ntawm tib lub npe).
Lub beetle tsim nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ob " foob pob hluav taws roj Cheebtsam " (piv txwv li nws tseem tsis yog "mono-propellant"). Muaj zog txo tus neeg sawv cev (siv yav dhau los ua tus tsim tawm hauv kev yees duab). Thiab muaj zog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev yog hydrogen peroxide. Thaum muaj kev hem thawj, cov kab cog cog cov leeg uas thawb ob lub reagents los ntawm cov hlab valve mus rau hauv cov chav sib xyaw uas muaj dej thiab sib xyaw ntawm peroxide-degrading enzymes (peroxidases). Hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov reactants muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic hnyav, cov kua boils thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov pa roj (= "kev puas tsuaj"). Feem ntau, cov kab scalds ib tug muaj peev xwm yeeb ncuab nrog ib tug kwj ntawm boiling dej (tab sis pom tseeb tsis txaus rau thawj qhov chaw thrust). Tab sis ... Tsawg kawg yog kab tuaj yeem suav tias yog ib qho piv txwv rau ntu Kev Nyab Xeeb Hydrogen Peroxide. Kev ncaj ncees yog cov hauv qab no:
%USERNAME%, tsis txhob ua zoo li cov kab npauj npaim, tsis txhob sib tov peroxide nrog tus neeg sawv cev txo qis tsis nkag siab! 🙂
Ntxiv txogт : "Zoo li cov beetle terrestrial bombardier beetle yog qhov kev tshoov siab rau cov kab plasma los ntawm Starship Troopers. Ntawm no nws tsuas muaj lub zog txaus (tsis yog thrust!) Txhawm rau txhim kho thawj cosmic ceev, lub tshuab tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv thiab tau siv los pov spores rau hauv lub voj voog txhawm rau nthuav dav ntau yam, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua riam phom tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab clumsy. nkoj nkoj "
Zoo, nws tham txog kab thiab xam cov peroxide. Cia peb tso tseg tam sim no.
Tseem ceeb! Txhua yam ntxiv (xws li kev sib tham ntawm cov ntawv sau, cov ntawv nruab nrab thiab tag nrho kuv cov ntawv tshaj tawm) tuaj yeem pom hauv telegram channel . Subscribe thiab nyob twj ywm rau kev tshaj tawm.
Tom ntej no hauv kab rau kev txiav txim siab yog sodium dichloroisocyanurate thiab "chlorine ntsiav tshuaj."
Kev lees paub: tus sau qhia nws txoj kev ris txiaj rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog community LAB-66 - cov neeg uas nquag txhawb nqa peb "scientific and technical corner" (= telegram channel), peb tham (thiab cov kws txawj nyob rau hauv nws uas muab ib puag ncig-the-clock (!!!) technical support), thiab zaum kawg sau nws tus kheej. Ua tsaug rau cov phooj ywg txhua tus. !
"osmium catalyst" rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov zej zog tau hais los saum toj no: ===>
1. 5536 0800 1174 5555
2. Yandex nyiaj
3. web nyiaj 650377296748
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5. Ua
Cov ntaub ntawv siv
Shandala M.G. Cov teeb meem ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav. Xaiv cov lus qhuab qhia. - M.: Tshuaj, 2009. 112 p.
Lewis, RJ Sr. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 12th tsab. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, N.J. Xyoo 2012, p. 4: 2434
Haynes, WM CRC Phau Ntawv ntawm Chemistry thiab Physics. 95th ib. CRC Xovxwm LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 4-67
WT Hess "Hydrogen Peroxide". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 13 (4th ib.). New York: Wiley. (1995). pp. 961–995 : kuv.
CW Jones, JH Clark. Kev siv ntawm Hydrogen Peroxide thiab Derivatives. Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.
Ronald Hage, Achim Lienke; Lienke Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Hloov Pauv-Hlau Catalysts rau Textile thiab Wood-Pulp Bleaching. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45(2): 206–222 : kuv. (2005).
Schildknecht, H. Holoubek, K. Bombardier beetle thiab nws cov tshuaj tawg. Angewandte Chemie. 73:1–7. (1961).
Jones, Craig W. Daim ntawv thov ntawm hydrogen peroxide thiab nws cov derivatives. Royal Society of Chemistry (1999)
Zoo, G.; Glenneberg, J. Jacobi, S. Hydrogen Peroxide. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. (2007).
Ascenzi, Joseph M., ed. Phau ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. New York: M. Dekker. p. 161. (1996).
Rutala, AW; Weber, DJ Disinfection thiab Sterilization hauv Chaw Kho Mob: Dab tsi Cov Kws Kho Mob Yuav Tsum Paub. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39(5): 702–709 : kuv. (2004).
Block, Seymour S., ed. Tshooj 9: Peroxygen compounds. Disinfection, sterilization, thiab preservation (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. pp. 185–204 : kuv. (2000).
O'Neil, MJ Lub Merck Index - Ib Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Tshuaj, Tshuaj, thiab Tshuaj lom neeg. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 889 ua
Larranaga, MD, Lewis, RJ Sr., Lewis, RA; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 735 ib
Sittig, M. Phau ntawv ntawm Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 1985. 2nd ed. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation, 1985., p. 510
Larranaga, MD, Lewis, RJ Sr., Lewis, RA; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 735 ib
Sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov teeb meem tshuaj tua kab mob, ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, tua kab mob, deratization: Hauv 5 ntim / Qhia.-ed. nruab nrab ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kab Mob Kab Mob Ros. Federation, tshawb fawb lub koom haum tiv thaiv. toxicology thiab tshuaj tua kab mob; Hauv qab tag nrho ed. M. G. Shandaly. - M.: LLP "Rarog", 1994
Thiab kuv yuav luag tsis nco qab, ceeb toom rau cov phooj ywg tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm 🙂
Disclaimer: Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm yog muab rau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm nkaus xwb thiab tsis yog hu ncaj qha rau kev nqis tes ua. Koj ua txhua yam kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov khoom siv ntawm koj tus kheej txaus ntshai thiab pheej hmoo. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem hnyav, tsis paub ntawv, tsis muaj kev paub hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias koj tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab rau kev nkag siab txog cov lus sau, nug ib tus txheeb ze / phooj ywg / tus neeg paub uas muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb los tswj koj qhov kev ua. Thiab nco ntsoov siv PPE nrog kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com